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How Do You Say “Give Back” in Italian? | Diego Piacentini | TEDxMilano


Translator: Michele Gianella Reviewer: Muriel de Meo
How do you say “Give Back” in Italian?
The word normally used is “restituzione”.
It’s not perfect, but you get the idea.
In general, the idea behind restitution
is connected to monetary repayment, to charity.
Very often, however, giving back
is connected to giving back what one has done, learned.
And moving from a pointless complaint that “nothing works” –
and in Italy , “nothing works in this country”
to “let’s give it a try”.
So in the next 18 minutes I’ll share some elements of this story.
It starts in the late 90s, 1999 to be precise,
this is my son’s kindergarten in Redecesio, close to Segrate.
That same year my wife Monica organized a fundraising
for that kindergarten’s supplies.
It was a strenuous task, with lots of parents involved,
some of which would object, Why should we care about it?
This should be the State’s business, or the Municipality’s”.
But most of them would take part in these challenging tasks
to help out the kindergarten, to help out the community.
1.200.000 lire were raised:
for those who don’t remember, it’s roughly 600 euros today,
And it was a sum of individual efforts, an extraordinary effort.
A couple of months later we moved to the United States.
This seems the same school, but it is a similar one outside Seattle.
This is my older son.
And we found ourselves in a totally different reality,
where things that are extraordinary in Italy
are, instead, completely ordinary.
The concept of giving back is totally normal there.
The strenuous effort of a handful of Italian parents
is deemed ordinary in that society;
I am not saying the American society is perfect, far from it,
but the whole concept of giving back:
I was fortunate, so I give back, I help the school, I help the university,
I help the museum, I help theaters,
and as a result all communities basically live off of giving back, of volunteering.
I’m not saying there’s no volunteering in Italy,
but in US it’s a real phenomenon,
there’s a positive feedback, and all sorts of mechanisms:
you have tax deductions, processes,
and they work, that society is grounded on it.
Let’s move ten years into the future.
Some of you may have recognized this
as the launch of the website in support of the so-called Obamacare,
a website that says “The system is down at the moment”.
Trump is actively trying to make it
so “the system is down at the moment”.
Obama launched the well-known Obamacare
and there was immediately an infamous and incredible technological debacle.
A technological launch, more than 100 million dollars-
so rest assured, these things don’t only happen in Italy,
and they build a website that doesn’t work.
Millions reached out
and that’s the standard response they were getting.
Long story short, endless criticism for a couple of days,
then someone quit complaining and rolled up their sleeves.
Shifting from complaining, which is easy and normal,
to try and help, which is committing and extraordinary.
does not come naturally to us.
This is a cover for Time Magazine
which depicts experts in technology
who were sent by Google and other companies.
They volunteered and with White House’s consent
restructured and relaunched the website,
in very few weeks, at 10% of the cost,
Here, lots of people would frown,
Google must have a second goal to do that,
And this extraordinary, not ordinary, effort,
seen that they landed on the Time Magazine cover,
was very interesting,
and I want to explain the real driver behind it.
It happened because of people who have learned a lot in their lives,
they had all this baggage,
and decided to give back the experiences that have filled their own lives.
Experiences that have to do
with the ability to manage large tech systems,
as well as complex, scalable and repeatable processes
and make them in turn, replicable and scalable system-
And create a replicable system which is the US Digital Service.
From this joint effort a new replicable system was born,
the one we hope to do as well.
I’d like to highlight the word “models” because people learn from models,
the Yodas in our lives
which have inspired and taught us.
The ones who have taught us perseverance,
the will to never give up, to keep going on,
energy, empathy.
These, then, are the models that make up this baggage
that we need to recycle and want to give back.
Obviously for me it wasn’t only because of everything we’ve been talking about
but also because of the Italy factor.
I left Italy for almost 20 years ago, I had the idea of coming back to help
also because I am Italian and I really wanted to do it.
Do or do not, there is no try.
[Translates into Italian]
Maybe the Italian version would be, do or do not, complaining isn’t enough.
A couple of years later, it’s five of us,
I meet Matteo Renzi in San Francisco, he had come to visit Silicon Valley,
Renzi was aware of the need of transformation in general,
he got some things really well, others less so,
and one cornerstone is the transformation of processes,
and the digital transformation of the public administration.
He asked me “why don’t you come back and help Italy for a couple years?”
I seriously consider it,
talk to my wife Monica, obviously, and with my boss, Jeff Bezos.
In short I decided to apply a selection methodology,
the so-called “do not regret” approach, like:
in a couple years, will I regret trying and failing
or will I regret not having even tried at all?
The decision was made
and so we go back from Seattle to Rome for two years on leave from Amazon.
What the heck are you doing? Ditching Amazon pro bono? Are you crazy?
Come on, what’s the real deal?
These are only some of the comments,
but I must say I have also received enormous support
so right now we’re focusing on that part,
but the positive part was also there.
I mentally prepared myself for all the skepticism and the bureaucracy.
People ask me, did you expect all this bureaucracy?
Of course I expected it, obviously.
But here, skepticism is cynicism
and marks a certain mindset:
you’ll never make it, it’s all for your own benefit,
I have heard a lot of such critics.
What we really lack in our country is the sense of greater good,
of acting because you think you are helping out,
not just for your own game.
And here we are.
For the younger people here, he is a detective,
the more senior will recognize him as detective Maigret.
I say this because my awkward qualification-
my sons mocked me immediately about it.
of “Extraordinary Commissary”
is simply because it was the only way
that would allow me to hire people
from outside the public administration.
In fact, the only thing I asked for was:
given that systems don’t promote change from within,
we want to try to change them with the help of outsiders,
people whose ignorance of the public administration’s machinery
is an asset, not a liability- an advantage, not a disadvantage.
So I basically wanted to create a small team of,say, 25 people,
a number which wasn’t too large but not too small either,
made up of 80 percent experts in technology,
and 20 percent of experts in judicial and legal matters,
as well as governance and communication.
Here you see a post I created
upon starting this adventure.
I said: why not write what I think will happen?
We wanted to attract good talents
“Dear talented people across Italy
or abroad but willing to come back, even if temporarily,
for a much lower compensation than your current one.
How can I convince you?”
So I tried to figure out,
“how can I convince someone to come and do what I am doing myself?”
Maybe some of you recognize it.
The picture next to the text is the Bell’s guy
who in 1947, connected all US households-
put phone wires all across US, actually,
In this massive effort of investing to upgrade the infrastructure,
we created the vision of a country’s “operating system”,
a series of building blocks
upon which one can build simpler and more effective services
for citizens, public administration and businesses,
all through innovative digital products.
A charming vision indeed:
implementing it, it’s all tears and blood.
I kept going with my post, the playing field felt quite sloped.
That’s actually an American football field, I guess.
And I kept going,
“we will also run into complicated and sometimes incomprehensible rules,
it’s an easy prediction to make.
We must learn how to handle all the bureaucracy intelligently.
Many will say, you don’t understand how the public administration works,
many people already tried and failed,
in Italy it doesn’t work like that.
And I keep going, we will receive a lot of objections.
Some comments will be genuine and useful, others cynical and prejudiced.
The first kind comes from people
who want to contribute spontaneously,
and I met many of them.
The second kind, from those who want to defend the status quo
and always see the glass half empty,
or simply surrendered and embraced impotence.
And this is a big problem. Giving up on things that do not work.
Do you remember this picture,
of men and women on the cover of Time Magazine?
And here we are,
even though I tried discouraging as many people as possible
we still received roughly 3.000 applications,
of which at least 100 were definitely qualified.
We used digital tools for the interviews,
an application called Jaz,
we embedded it on the government’s website,
we created a math test
and a coding test for the tech part.
The team reached a critical mass of around 15, 17 people back in January,
now it’s slightly more than 20.
And we got to work right away. What do we do?
Basically, we deal with plumbing.
These are the “pipes” of the public administration.
Some need to be created, many ought to be connected
because the biggest problem
is that the systems, the processes, the application softwares,
anything that’s supposed to be networked
is instead in a stand-alone silo.
And I’m not talking only about machine-to-machine,
I’m talking about people who don’t want to share
their data, their softwares, their own apps.
So it’s all about introducing the concept, writing it down, explaining it,
and over the years implementing it,
of connectivity and interoperability.
Exposing the “source code” of the public administration,
of their software.
And do lots of project management activities.
So lots of plumbing work.
But we’re also painters, to a certain extent.
In order to provide good public services,
over time one also needs to improve the user interface,
simplifying it,
and all these things are done on the side –
but without the pipes, one cannot be a painter.
After a couple of months,
in May 2017 we drafted a three years plan for the public administration,
in collaboration with AGI and other people who helped us.
What, then, is so special about a 3-years
public administration digital transformation plan?
There is one special thing. It exists.
Secondly, it is written in a clear, technological, but also procedural way.
For the first time ever,
it was incorporated and sponsored by the government.
Paolo Gentiloni signed a President of Council of Minister decree, stating:
“The digital transformation is a government’s priority,
the 3-year plan requires teamwork
to simplify not only the public administration,
but also the life of citizens,
Interestingly, the plan is meant to be updated every year,
because plans cannot be static,
especially when dealing with technology.
And the plan is also open to the administration.
What is this?
This is the usual way of planning for Italy’s public administration.
“Regulation about technical discipline….”
and you will find three pages
of checks and connections to other rules and policies
before reading the very technical rules
which are almost hidden and quite incomprehensible.
We can’t get rid of these things,
but we can work by ourselves on other things,
so the three-years plan is on GitHub,
the techiest among you know what it is,
It’s on a forum,
so we can talk to administrators and get feedback.
The documentation is on Read the Docs
so that administrators, the public administration itself,
and the software house can work on and improve the technology.
Now let’s switch gears and focus on another part of the plan,
which are enabling platforms.
What are enabling platforms?
They are digital payments,
all the things that allow PA services to flow horizontally,
And there will be more of them.
Digital payment is one example,
a digital ID card is another enabling platform.
Digital identity is an enabling platform.
The largest project we’re currently working on
is called the National Registry of Resident Population,
We are collecting, simply speaking,
all the citizens’ data
which are now scattered across 8,000 separate silos,
namely the 8,000 Italian Municipalities,
in one synced database,
where different data talk to each other, are all synced,
and talk to the applications, to the administration.
When I move from one Municipality to another,
today I must — first of all, things are handled manually.
It’s my responsibility to go to the National Health Agency, the DMV,
and communicate to all these agencies
all the updates the State should already be aware of.
We are tackling the technological solution:
a lot is left to be done on the processes’ side.
One week ago we did a Hackathon,
where 800 software developers
worked on those enabling apps,
96 bug-fixing interventions came out
regarding fixing software problems,
documentation improvement and even new projects.
This was done across 25 Italian cities, including San Francisco,
which, while not in Italy, hosts lots of Italians
who help us from abroad to improve the technology.
All this flows,
and we are talking about sustainability, replicability, and scalability,
on the developers.italia.it website
where all the ever growing documentation and codes are exposed
of Italy’s Public Administration apps.
Right now we have about one-fifth of the final product,
maybe even less than that.
The future is today, so let’s dream a little.
We are also working on other projects
which are not limited to plumbing,
where painters are also involved,
but pipes are to be completed, sorry for stressing on that.
This could, for example,
and it is one of those things the alpha version will soon be released,
be called Digital Citizenship.
You get a smartphone, a digital identity,
data from the electronic ID card,
working NPR,
all with the goal of easing the interaction
between citizens and public administration,
with a simple interface.
We are dreaming a bit,
because there is seriously plenty of work to be done,
but this should be the vision.
A few weeks ago, La Stampa celebrated its 150th anniversary
and wrote an editorial called “The world ahead of us”.
Many people were asked what they thought could happen.
They asked me to talk
about simplifying citizens’ everyday lives.
I took the chance to write an article,
and I’d like to share a passage with you today.
“It’s all about wishing/dreaming, and maybe we can do that.
We wish for a country
where politicians trying to understand digital transformation
instead of fearing it, fighting it,
are the norm, not the exception.
A country where laws acknowledge and promote the right to innovate,
instead of suppressing it.
A country where strong technical skills
can also be found within the State and public companies.
A country where more public and private companies
are run by 30 year-olds than 70 year-olds.
Lastly, I imagine a country where working for PA is deemed an honor.
Where the best brains compete
to access public research centers
which truly are centers for excellence and innovation
and foster our country’s development.
This might only be a dream
and the components to get all this done –
political, processes, digital, technological,
are way too many;
but if we don’t have a dream to aim toward to,
hardly anything can be done ever.
Before wrapping up, this is my mom
who belonged to those who would asked me
“Who the heck got you to do this?”.
(Risate)
She’s sitting right here today in this theater, by the way.
But she’s much more optimistic now.
Above all, I was able to explain what I’m doing
and now she also shares our mindset,
like the 25 young people in our digital transformation team.
She understood what we are doing,
like many people who believe in us and who want to do something…
(Risate)
“It. Is. Possible!”
And if you want to know more about us, here is our website and social media.
Thank you.
(Applause)
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