[Music]
I asked you a question for
start is what you know in his
birth his life expectancy in 1875
60
I heard the right answer 45 years
actually it’s 45 years old so the
question I asked myself this is
what makes such a gap between
his life expectancy at birth and
living over 120 years old then
when we look at life expectancy and
its evolution since 1750 we see a
linear and constant increase
in fact for more than 250 years
life expectancy increases by three
month a year so I was wondering
question what could be
what she does you can well justify
such an increase in the expectation of
life
during all this this period
important
do you have a point of view there
above is what you can tell me the
genetics diet lifestyle
we have almost all of them then for the
genetics for jeanne calm surely
but at the scale of a population can
not imagine that genetics is the
preponderant factor so naturally
hygiene is a preponderant factor the
being able to limit the spread
diseases
the second point is naturally the
health care medicine
and being able to develop
new drugs
but precisely the drugs what
I observed while watching the curve
is the price of a medicine
increases more and more and today
I do not know if you know but
develop a new drug
it costs more than a billion euros
and that’s why
many diseases actually are still
untreated and not treated
valid
I think particularly about the disease
alzheimer or also to the 8000
rare diseases or there is almost no
drug development that has
executed
so I also asked myself
question of how we could change
that how could we accelerate and so
I looked a little bit at how
test a drug before testing it
on the human body so the first
step is to take a cell a
human cell put her in a
kind of flat plastic box and
test a drug to test a
drug then the challenge is to
look at the efficiency and toxicity of the
drug then necessarily the boxes in
plastic it does not really represent the
human body but it already gives us a
first
a first vision the second step
Well, it’s going to a ladder
more complex and look at the level
of a complete body and in particular the
animal model unfortunately when
these molecules are validated on the
animals when they passed these
first tests of efficacy toxicity eh
well it fails at 90%
when we pass on the human body
I let you imagine if 90% of
space missions was just abandoned
after takeoff
so I rested the question
given the low efficiency given the cost of
drug development
why are we still using the model
animal and well simply because
we did not find better
so
I looked a little around me
in literature not in science
fiction but rather in the literature
scientist
if there were no tracks did not know
still solutions if the steps of
things that were done
and in fact there are plenty of tracks there are
a lot of things and so what I have
decided is to spend a good part
of my life to develop his solutions
then these solutions they call themselves
the organs on chip I will try to
explain to you but first we go
try to change scale
we will go to the micrometric scale
just now I spoke to you on
put human cells in
flat boxes and grow them eh
well the organs on chip actually we’re going
use human cells
but we will put them in
structures that’s called small
micro-scale chips that are going
simulate the shape and function of a
organ we are going to zoom in for you
understand exactly imagine a
pulmonary cells in an alveolus
pulmonary on one side there is blood and
that’s what you see in red so he
there is blood and the vascularization that is
just below there is a carpet
cellar still below in blue there
there are other cells and on the apa the
lower part there is oxygen
so the idea of organs on more is
to imitate what city human body in
a miniaturized device so well
sure we do not manufacture a complete organ
it’s just a part of it, and that’s
the goal is that it better predict
the answer that will have on the human body
it’s having better models
one of the examples we develop in this
moment
typically it’s kidney cancer on
chip then we put cells
cancerous kidney and will test a
molecule and we will be able to see
cancer evolution in real time a
other activities that are developed
it’s the interconnection of several
organs the idea a bit like with the rat
it’s having a more complex organism
so we can imagine taking
a heart cell a kidney cell
a cell of faith and look at whether a
development of metastases for example
where the impact of such molecules or such
drug on the other organs a
last project that we are also developing
with us it is the fact of being able
put your cells in these little ones
miniaturized devices the idea is
that if you’re sick of course your
genetics is different from the others so
a medicine can not have the same
efficiency on every person so
the idea is that if we can use your
cells we will be able to develop the
drug to the way that’s what we
calls personalized medicine and
so it’s thanks to this technology
that we think we can accelerate
drug development and who knows
maybe like jeanne calm start
scream
at 85 years old thank you
[Applause]
[Music]
I asked you a question for
start is what you know in his
birth his life expectancy in 1875
60
I heard the right answer 45 years
actually it’s 45 years old so the
question I asked myself this is
what makes such a gap between
his life expectancy at birth and
living over 120 years old then
when we look at life expectancy and
its evolution since 1750 we see a
linear and constant increase
in fact for more than 250 years
life expectancy increases by three
month a year so I was wondering
question what could be
what she does you can well justify
such an increase in the expectation of
life
during all this this period
important
do you have a point of view there
above is what you can tell me the
genetics diet lifestyle
we have almost all of them then for the
genetics for jeanne calm surely
but at the scale of a population can
not imagine that genetics is the
preponderant factor so naturally
hygiene is a preponderant factor the
being able to limit the spread
diseases
the second point is naturally the
health care medicine
and being able to develop
new drugs
but precisely the drugs what
I observed while watching the curve
is the price of a medicine
increases more and more and today
I do not know if you know but
develop a new drug
it costs more than a billion euros
and that’s why
many diseases actually are still
untreated and not treated
valid
I think particularly about the disease
alzheimer or also to the 8000
rare diseases or there is almost no
drug development that has
executed
so I also asked myself
question of how we could change
that how could we accelerate and so
I looked a little bit at how
test a drug before testing it
on the human body so the first
step is to take a cell a
human cell put her in a
kind of flat plastic box and
test a drug to test a
drug then the challenge is to
look at the efficiency and toxicity of the
drug then necessarily the boxes in
plastic it does not really represent the
human body but it already gives us a
first
a first vision the second step
Well, it’s going to a ladder
more complex and look at the level
of a complete body and in particular the
animal model unfortunately when
these molecules are validated on the
animals when they passed these
first tests of efficacy toxicity eh
well it fails at 90%
when we pass on the human body
I let you imagine if 90% of
space missions was just abandoned
after takeoff
so I rested the question
given the low efficiency given the cost of
drug development
why are we still using the model
animal and well simply because
we did not find better
so
I looked a little around me
in literature not in science
fiction but rather in the literature
scientist
if there were no tracks did not know
still solutions if the steps of
things that were done
and in fact there are plenty of tracks there are
a lot of things and so what I have
decided is to spend a good part
of my life to develop his solutions
then these solutions they call themselves
the organs on chip I will try to
explain to you but first we go
try to change scale
we will go to the micrometric scale
just now I spoke to you on
put human cells in
flat boxes and grow them eh
well the organs on chip actually we’re going
use human cells
but we will put them in
structures that’s called small
micro-scale chips that are going
simulate the shape and function of a
organ we are going to zoom in for you
understand exactly imagine a
pulmonary cells in an alveolus
pulmonary on one side there is blood and
that’s what you see in red so he
there is blood and the vascularization that is
just below there is a carpet
cellar still below in blue there
there are other cells and on the apa the
lower part there is oxygen
so the idea of organs on more is
to imitate what city human body in
a miniaturized device so well
sure we do not manufacture a complete organ
it’s just a part of it, and that’s
the goal is that it better predict
the answer that will have on the human body
it’s having better models
one of the examples we develop in this
moment
typically it’s kidney cancer on
chip then we put cells
cancerous kidney and will test a
molecule and we will be able to see
cancer evolution in real time a
other activities that are developed
it’s the interconnection of several
organs the idea a bit like with the rat
it’s having a more complex organism
so we can imagine taking
a heart cell a kidney cell
a cell of faith and look at whether a
development of metastases for example
where the impact of such molecules or such
drug on the other organs a
last project that we are also developing
with us it is the fact of being able
put your cells in these little ones
miniaturized devices the idea is
that if you’re sick of course your
genetics is different from the others so
a medicine can not have the same
efficiency on every person so
the idea is that if we can use your
cells we will be able to develop the
drug to the way that’s what we
calls personalized medicine and
so it’s thanks to this technology
that we think we can accelerate
drug development and who knows
maybe like jeanne calm start
scream
at 85 years old thank you
[Applause]
[Music]
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