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I Wonder If…? | David Leger | TEDxChilliwack


I took this picture on a hot day in May
of 2001 I rented a plane this day to go
out some fun with my son Mitchell he’d
never been in a small plane before and I
was lucky my dad had a pilot’s license
when I was a kid and we’d go down to
chill Aki Airport we vent a little
session and we go flying around the
Fraser Valley over Baker over Shem
Harrison lake it was beautiful and I
wanted Mitchell to have that experience
I wanted him to see how fortunate he was
to grow up where he was growing up and I
also took a camera so I could take some
pictures you see I was born in this
beautiful place called Chilliwack
British Columbia Canada and on this day
like so many other days I couldn’t see
the mountains from the ground cuz the
smog was too thick and it’s this smog
that it would cause your eyes to burn
you can feel it in your breathing you
could smell it in the air that caused a
frustration that caused some friends of
mine and myself almost twenty years ago
right here in Chilliwack to form a
company and try and do something about
it but it came with some challenges
first one is we weren’t engineers second
one we’d never run a high-tech business
and third one kind of a little bit
important in this scenario we knew
nothing about zero emissions or clean
technologies nothing anyway but we did
wonder if we wondered if maybe because
of our the way that we thought ever
since we were kids the one thing we had
was deep curiosity we liked solving
problems we liked inventing things that
solve problems so we didn’t see this as
any different so we wondered if there
was a way to do it and we wondered if
maybe we might be able to play a part in
it so I hold in my hand the tailpipe
exhaust of a hydrogen fuel cell pure
water hydrogen fuel cells enable us to
have a sustainable future with zero
emissions they can power everything from
cell phones to laptops from houses to
office buildings scooters to cars even
semies to training
boats and planes pretty well anything
that you can imagine that requires
electricity or a turning shaft you could
use a fuel cell for and I’ll and I’ll
never forget this is why I got hooked on
fuel cells I’ll never forget the the
first time I saw one work I was at this
place and a gentleman came in and he put
this little hydrogen bottle this little
fuel cell in this little electric fan on
this desk in front of me and he turned
that the valve on the hydrogen bottle
and the fans started to spin and I just
thought this was the craziest thing I
ever saw and what I was told was
happening is that the hydrogen was
having an electrochemical reaction
inside the fuel cell with the oxygen
from the air and the electron was being
extracted in this reaction electricity
and it was going to the electric motor
to run that little fan and in the fuel
cell the exhaust that was being produced
was pure water again how cool is that I
also learned that the hydrogen that was
fueling this fuel cell can be produced
from renewable energy like solar and
wind through a process we call
electrolysis where what we do is we take
electricity and we put it into the water
and we split the h2o into H and O we
capture the hydrogen we can store it and
we can use it to refuel say a fuel cell
car for better than 500 kilometers a
range in under five minutes of fill time
which is definitely the main advantage
for fuel cell technology over some other
technologies for for zero emissions
vehicles I also learnt that the that
hydrogen can be produced from biomass
manure garbage and natural gas in the
form of steam methane reforming and
there’s lots of other methods that are
being developed in universities and
research centers all around the world
all the time for us to be able to get
hydrogen so all of this inspired a few
crazy curious inventor guys that would
be aka my friends and myself to come up
with this concept for an integrated fuel
cell powered electric motor something
really cool and cutting-edge and the
whole idea was instead of a fuel cell
being a separate box running an electric
motor with wires we’d actually take a
fuel cell and we integrate it package it
inside of an electric
motor and to do this we came up with
this clever idea which was a
wedge-shaped fuel cell that is like a
piece of pizza and it’s kind of like
putting a pizza inside of an electric
motor and in doing this this
wedge-shaped fuel cell we had no idea
but that wedge-shaped fuel cell was
going to lay a path going forward for
our company to develop a game-changing
zero emissions fuel cell technology but
this engine didn’t come without its
challenges first of all building fuel
cells is not a trivial thing to do it’s
very very hard and nobody made wet’ Shea
fuel cells we couldn’t just go buy this
and we went to some companies to ask you
know if they’d help and and that they
had no idea what we were doing or the
purpose of it so they politely I guess
would be a nice way to put it declined
and both so we had to build a fuel cell
and that’s exactly what we set out to do
so on June the 21st of 2000 in
Chilliwack our company was born
ironically it was summer solstice the
day with the most sunlight and that was
just by coincidence we didn’t do that on
purpose a gentleman had heard had caught
wind of this project that we were doing
in kilowatt of this fuel cell powered
electric motor in this fuel cell and he
we had met with them and he recommended
to us that we go to this place called
the Institute for fuel cell innovation
which is out near UBC it’s the National
Research Council of Canada’s center of
excellence for fuel cell development so
when we went there we showed them our
fuel cell concept and they got really
intrigued and very enthused very curious
because they thought we might actually
have something important something that
would would had some fundamental
improvements for fuel cell design and
performance so they wanted to work with
us and like oh yeah that’s awesome we’d
love to work with you too and and beyond
that they offer to support us thank you
for your tax dollars I might add but to
to support us with government grants so
that we could hire engineers and
consultants we could build prototypes
and we built a lot of prototypes I do
testing in the labs there the hydrogen
safe labs at this
facility even to get some custom
engineering work done like computational
work where we would look at simulations
of what a fuel cell might do when we did
it on the computer and also to attend
fuel cell conferences so we could dive
right in go right into the sessions and
learn and go to the trade show floor and
start talking to the vendors and the
suppliers and the different companies so
all of a sudden this little company out
of nowhere in Chilliwack British
Columbia is getting federal government
support by the National Research Council
of Canada at this world-renowned
facility in Vancouver
it was very exciting so having to build
our own fuel cell we started where I
like to start with things like this as
we’re at the United States patents
database it’s a great place to go
because all the companies will have a
disclosure there of what they’re doing
and you might not know what’s going on
right now on their lab but you have a
pretty good idea of the direction
they’re taking with their fuel cell
development and I want you to understand
at this point that there’s two main
components to a hydrogen fuel cell
there’s what we call a membrane
electrode assembly and a flow field
plate the membrane electrode assembly is
the yellow part in the middle and you
can see the light bulb that’s where the
MAGIX taking place the chemical reaction
is happening there then you have what’s
called a flow field plate and that’s the
part we’re gonna talk about flow field
plate is this part here it’s made from
graphite or stainless steel and its job
is to flow the hydrogen on one side and
the oxygen in the air on the other side
of the membrane electrode assembly and
and in doing this it’s it’s a lot more
complicated than you might think it is
so as we were going through the database
we noticed something you’ll see here
there’s about 20 channels this is a
rectangular flow field there’s it’s
called a straight channel flow field and
every one of those channels will be
about one millimeter wide by about one
millimeter high and it will stay that
dimension the entire length of that
channel till it gets to the other end
and what we noticed on the patents
database is that where the designs were
may be different in the pattern summer
straight summer zigzag some are what we
call serpentine but the thing they all
had in common was that that channel
stayed the same dimension and we we that
was different than us we had this wedge
shape you
when we put in our channels they turn
out to be tapered and I want you
understand that if you have something
that’s tapered if you go this way gas
will slow down as it’s going through if
you taper it gas will speed up so
basically we knew that we had an
opportunity to manipulate the gas flow
inside this fuel cell and none of these
other fuel cells did and that made us
very curious to look even further as to
what this might mean and what we
discovered is that all those fuel cells
that had that common problem had a
bigger problem with performance they
were losing up to 50% of their capable
power leaving it on the table because of
inadequate fuel cell design and that God
is very excited because we thought we
might actually hold a key to unlocking
this picking up this power in a fuel
cell that was just being left on the
table through through our tapering flow
channels in our fuel cell and if we were
to be able to do this it would be an
immense accomplishment first of all if
we were to say take this and make it so
it’s all red and there’s no gradient
we’d be the first company world to ever
do that and and the commercial value of
that in the and what we could do with
fuel cell stacks which is when you put a
whole bunch of cells together would be
immense because we actually would be
able to provide a fuel cell that was the
same size and and cost but gave 50
percent more power or we can attack the
big problem with fuel cells which is
cost we could go the inverse way and we
could have a fuel cell that put all the
same power but it was 30 to 40 percent
lighter smaller and most important less
expensive that’s why we looked at this
and we took it very serious to solve
this particular problem so over the
course of the next few years we were
having some great success in the lab
with developing our caper channel fuel
cell we were getting improved
performance in fact we were getting
better than baseline and baseline would
be like three Amazon example will sell
us membrane electrode assembly x’ they
would give us a spec and they would say
it should perform this well and in the
lab we were getting better performance
than we were told we should be getting
in optimum performance it was kind of
odd but we understood why the reason was
is because we knew that those flow
fields I was showing you with the
problem that’s what they were using in
their lab everybody was using that so it
made sense to us that our tapering
channels were having an effect we were
getting better performance and that was
really exciting
but but it wasn’t exciting enough we
wanted better we wanted to pick up all
of that lost power that was our goal so
what we did is we developed a
mathematical model that would calculate
the channels profile from the inlet to
the outlet and along the length of that
channel to compensate for this loss of
oxygen and this accumulation of water so
we could get it out in an optimum way
and the funny part was is the math gave
us a solution and the solution was it
should be a natural exponential sorry
for the scientific stuff here but a
natural exponential curve in that
channel and it should be based on the
number E the number E not even pulling
your leg it’s real I had to put it up
here just because I thought you would
think I’m pulling your leg it’s 2.71828
to 10 million decimal places and I
memorize them all and I’m not gonna bore
you with it but but but anyway E is one
of the most important numbers in nature
and in mathematics and it defines growth
and the rate of change in fact it’s also
used in calculating compound interest if
you think about it that’s kind of what
compound interest is doing so it was
really unique and if you think about it
even further here we are with this
mission to help mother nature and mother
nature turns around and says hey I got
an idea why don’t you do this it works
for me so so so we did and we filed the
patent and we went to the lab to prove
that that it worked the National
Research Council sent in an expert and
to put together some studies and was
going to write a peer review that would
be submitted to the government who was
supporting us and it was basically to
see if whether it was worthwhile
spending your hard-earned tax dollars on
our little company and our idea so the
rubber was about to meet the road this
really mattered to us we had to have
this work you must be wondering if it
did
are you wondering if it did well I’m
standing here so you already know the
answer but anyway but you must be
wondering how well did it work did it do
we pick up all the power just a little
bit of the power and did it matter to
cost the Achilles heel to zero missions
technologies well I’m happy to say that
yes
it did in fact II flow which is what we
named it managed to pick up nearly all
of that lost power almost all of it and
it’s called uniform current distribution
and were the first company the first in
the world to ever have obtained this and
thank you thank you very much that is
very exciting we’re the first in the
world ever obtained it and there’s not a
big list of others that have it’s
extremely difficult to do more important
is cost what happened is that 50% I was
talking about that 30 to 40 that came
true
we actually are today producing fuel
cell stocks that have 50% sometimes more
power than other fuel cells in the
market and around the world and we’re
also producing them at 30 to 40% less
cost and weight and size as well and
what this does and this is the big deal
is it allows us to offer right now today
with zero subsidies being required that
the cost of diesel cost the hydrogen
cost to Bilbo systems for real in this
world today a solution a zero emissions
solution right now that can be delivered
at cost parity to diesel the same cost
to own and operate today as diesel we
don’t have any more excuses now as to
why we have to have dirty technologies
including polluting our air we took a
big chunk of that excuse away so we’ve
done it it’s real there it isn’t that
box loop energy our company we’re now
producing fuel cells stacks and fuel
cell engines for many medium and
heavy-duty truck applications including
yard trucks semi trucks transit buses
garbage trucks street sweepers delivery
trucks to name a few and and our first
zero emissions vehicle well we delivered
last year and it’s a yard truck and a
yard truck is that vehicle at a port or
a distribution center that hauls the
containers around moves them around and
there are diesel and they’re very dirty
they’re usually right near a city or
disadvantaged communities so it’s
important to do this and we did it with
our partner in China China National
heavy duty truck company the largest
heavy duty truck 95
in China and one of the largest in the
world we are also working with Peterbilt
to develop zero emissions class 8 trucks
for use at ports as drayage trucks and
for regional haul applications and the
list of companies were working with just
continues to grow the importance of of
getting the you know dirty diesel trucks
off the road cannot be overstated taking
just one dirty diesel truck and
replacing it with a zero emissions truck
like our solution can be equivalent to
removing 15 cars from the road and
replacing them with 15 zero missions
cars that’s a big deal our improvement
or substantial improvement in
performance pave the way close the
economic gap that existed to pave the
way for us to start adopting zero
emissions technologies in many different
applications around the world there’s no
more excuses you know I like it I want
to see the mountains I want my son and
my kids to see the mountains I want you
and your kids to see the mountains I
want our friends around the world like
in China in India to see the mountains
and I have to say this all started from
just some guys in Chilliwack they’re
just really curious super curious all
the time always asking I wonder if I
just wonder if and I have to ask you are
you wondering if are you staying curious
because a lot of times that next corner
that next hurdle or wall that’s in front
of you the the energy to get around the
corner or over that hurdle are wrapped
up in those simple words just staying
curious and wondering if and I hope you
do thank you very much
[Applause] you
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