[Applause]
[Applause] good good morning
being pragmatic I’m going to look at the
being pragmatic I’m going to look at the ways that we say things and the ways
ways that we say things and the ways
ways that we say things and the ways that they are understood by other people
that they are understood by other people
that they are understood by other people and then firstly the moments words leave
and then firstly the moments words leave
and then firstly the moments words leave our mouths it’s like letting go of an
our mouths it’s like letting go of an
our mouths it’s like letting go of an Irish Setter you have no idea where
Irish Setter you have no idea where
Irish Setter you have no idea where they’re going to go and if they’re ever
they’re going to go and if they’re ever
they’re going to go and if they’re ever going to come back so our context is
going to come back so our context is
going to come back so our context is what is normal and what is abnormal and
what is normal and what is abnormal and
what is normal and what is abnormal and I would say that speaking is the most
I would say that speaking is the most
I would say that speaking is the most normal thing we have as humans that’s
normal thing we have as humans that’s
normal thing we have as humans that’s what makes us human so how can it
what makes us human so how can it
what makes us human so how can it possibly be problematic we’ve been
possibly be problematic we’ve been
possibly be problematic we’ve been talking for quite a while
pragmatics is the linguistic study of
pragmatics is the linguistic study of how people say what they mean and other
how people say what they mean and other
how people say what they mean and other people misunderstand what they mean so
people misunderstand what they mean so
people misunderstand what they mean so this is these problems are greatly
this is these problems are greatly
this is these problems are greatly increased when we are out of our normal
increased when we are out of our normal
increased when we are out of our normal communicative social zone when in fact
communicative social zone when in fact
communicative social zone when in fact my normal bumps up against your normal
my normal bumps up against your normal
my normal bumps up against your normal and that’s what little the cats and when
and that’s what little the cats and when
and that’s what little the cats and when you give you an example which is about
you give you an example which is about
you give you an example which is about it’s not even about language but it’s
it’s not even about language but it’s
it’s not even about language but it’s definitely about pragmatism I’m Scottish
definitely about pragmatism I’m Scottish
definitely about pragmatism I’m Scottish you can’t tell from my accent but
you can’t tell from my accent but
you can’t tell from my accent but actually I am Scottish I spent almost 2
actually I am Scottish I spent almost 2
actually I am Scottish I spent almost 2 pounds on lessons to improve my dialect
pounds on lessons to improve my dialect
pounds on lessons to improve my dialect every penny well worth spending so in
every penny well worth spending so in
every penny well worth spending so in Scotland if you’re a man you shake hands
Scotland if you’re a man you shake hands
Scotland if you’re a man you shake hands with people three times when you first
with people three times when you first
with people three times when you first meet them at new year if you can still
meet them at new year if you can still
meet them at new year if you can still operate your hands and at funerals and
operate your hands and at funerals and
operate your hands and at funerals and that’s all when I was 20 I moved to
that’s all when I was 20 I moved to
that’s all when I was 20 I moved to France people they’ve spent almost their
France people they’ve spent almost their
France people they’ve spent almost their entire lives shaking hands if they’re
entire lives shaking hands if they’re
entire lives shaking hands if they’re not kissing each other so for me I was
not kissing each other so for me I was
not kissing each other so for me I was quite I was perceived as being quite
quite I was perceived as being quite
quite I was perceived as being quite standoffish because
standoffish because
standoffish because I shook hands once and then after that
I shook hands once and then after that
I shook hands once and then after that it was like I had anvils for cufflinks I
it was like I had anvils for cufflinks I
it was like I had anvils for cufflinks I just would stand there and people would
just would stand there and people would
just would stand there and people would be so that was a problem for me in
be so that was a problem for me in
be so that was a problem for me in France then after that I realized okay
France then after that I realized okay
France then after that I realized okay shake hands with everybody except women
shake hands with everybody except women
shake hands with everybody except women then you kiss them but you don’t really
then you kiss them but you don’t really
then you kiss them but you don’t really kiss them and all that so all of that
kiss them and all that so all of that
kiss them and all that so all of that because that a settlement of
because that a settlement of
because that a settlement of misunderstanding then I came to Turkey
misunderstanding then I came to Turkey
misunderstanding then I came to Turkey ten years after I’d been living in
ten years after I’d been living in
ten years after I’d been living in France and I discovered that the whole
France and I discovered that the whole
France and I discovered that the whole thing about shaking hands and kissing I
thing about shaking hands and kissing I
thing about shaking hands and kissing I I was actually very pleased when it came
I was actually very pleased when it came
I was actually very pleased when it came to this of limited headbutts
to this of limited headbutts
to this of limited headbutts that people give each other instead of
that people give each other instead of
that people give each other instead of kissing us and it’s more Scottish that’s
kissing us and it’s more Scottish that’s
kissing us and it’s more Scottish that’s got a Glasgow kiss alright okay so there
got a Glasgow kiss alright okay so there
got a Glasgow kiss alright okay so there were there were certain pragmatic
were there were certain pragmatic
were there were certain pragmatic differences in let’s say body language
however women poets focus on the
however women poets focus on the linguistic problems that can come from
linguistic problems that can come from
linguistic problems that can come from misunderstandings so there are fairly
misunderstandings so there are fairly
misunderstandings so there are fairly obvious ones which aren’t really
obvious ones which aren’t really
obvious ones which aren’t really pragmatic the really linguistic so for
pragmatic the really linguistic so for
pragmatic the really linguistic so for example in French you have two and vous
example in French you have two and vous
example in French you have two and vous and German you have du and Z and Turkish
and German you have du and Z and Turkish
and German you have du and Z and Turkish you have sin C’s and then for extra
you have sin C’s and then for extra
you have sin C’s and then for extra politeness C’s left okay so when I first
politeness C’s left okay so when I first
politeness C’s left okay so when I first went to France I was 20 years old my
went to France I was 20 years old my
went to France I was 20 years old my French teachers had told me you always
French teachers had told me you always
French teachers had told me you always say vous to people that you don’t know
say vous to people that you don’t know
say vous to people that you don’t know so I was saying vous to people who were
so I was saying vous to people who were
so I was saying vous to people who were the same age as me or even younger and
the same age as me or even younger and
the same age as me or even younger and this made me appear to be kind of
this made me appear to be kind of
this made me appear to be kind of Snowbasin standoffish and arrogant me
Snowbasin standoffish and arrogant me
Snowbasin standoffish and arrogant me incredible okay and then ten years later
incredible okay and then ten years later
incredible okay and then ten years later I came to Turkey I’d completely given up
I came to Turkey I’d completely given up
I came to Turkey I’d completely given up and all this vous stuff and French and
and all this vous stuff and French and
and all this vous stuff and French and so I was saying send everybody which
so I was saying send everybody which
so I was saying send everybody which made me sound also kind of disdainful
made me sound also kind of disdainful
made me sound also kind of disdainful and disrespectful towards people so
and disrespectful towards people so
and disrespectful towards people so these are kind of lexical problems and
these are kind of lexical problems and
these are kind of lexical problems and grammatical problems
grammatical problems
there are also other things which are to
there are also other things which are to do with the sayings that people use so
do with the sayings that people use so
do with the sayings that people use so for example in American English there’s
for example in American English there’s
for example in American English there’s a very nice phrase yeah good luck with
a very nice phrase yeah good luck with
a very nice phrase yeah good luck with that okay which you may think oh he’s
that okay which you may think oh he’s
that okay which you may think oh he’s wishing me every success whereas in fact
wishing me every success whereas in fact
wishing me every success whereas in fact the person is saying you are doomed good
the person is saying you are doomed good
the person is saying you are doomed good luck with that
luck with that
luck with that okay and in Great Britain someone might
okay and in Great Britain someone might
okay and in Great Britain someone might say to you when you’re in a debate or
say to you when you’re in a debate or
say to you when you’re in a debate or discussion with the greatest respect
discussion with the greatest respect
discussion with the greatest respect which means of course you are a
which means of course you are a
which means of course you are a blithering idiot okay so there are many
blithering idiot okay so there are many
blithering idiot okay so there are many sort of things that and the another
sort of things that and the another
sort of things that and the another field says swearing relaxed I’m not
field says swearing relaxed I’m not
field says swearing relaxed I’m not going to swear I’m not even thinking bad
going to swear I’m not even thinking bad
going to swear I’m not even thinking bad words just now if I drop my cards I will
words just now if I drop my cards I will
words just now if I drop my cards I will but so for example I am Scottish
but so for example I am Scottish
but so for example I am Scottish Scottish people are particularly
Scottish people are particularly
Scottish people are particularly swearing okay but we are nothing
swearing okay but we are nothing
swearing okay but we are nothing compared to Irish people who are looked
compared to Irish people who are looked
compared to Irish people who are looked down upon by the Australians as almost
down upon by the Australians as almost
down upon by the Australians as almost priests like in the clarity and
priests like in the clarity and
priests like in the clarity and cleanliness of their language one of the
cleanliness of their language one of the
cleanliness of their language one of the problems is that if you swear the wrong
problems is that if you swear the wrong
problems is that if you swear the wrong way in some countries people will think
way in some countries people will think
way in some countries people will think you’re rude face you can’t see that
you’re rude face you can’t see that
you’re rude face you can’t see that you’ve got to see it in a robot Rover
you’ve got to see it in a robot Rover
you’ve got to see it in a robot Rover are rising frozen hasn’t frozen no real
are rising frozen hasn’t frozen no real
are rising frozen hasn’t frozen no real words okay a problem for young Turkish
words okay a problem for young Turkish
words okay a problem for young Turkish people is that they listen to rap and
people is that they listen to rap and
people is that they listen to rap and hip-hop and they really don’t understand
hip-hop and they really don’t understand
hip-hop and they really don’t understand that there are loss of words
that there are loss of words
that there are loss of words it’s almost every letter of the alphabet
it’s almost every letter of the alphabet
it’s almost every letter of the alphabet but there are lots of words that you
but there are lots of words that you
but there are lots of words that you cannot say without actually being from
cannot say without actually being from
cannot say without actually being from the south side of Chicago or central
the south side of Chicago or central
the south side of Chicago or central South Central Los Angeles etc and it’s
South Central Los Angeles etc and it’s
South Central Los Angeles etc and it’s always very shocking when I hear lovely
always very shocking when I hear lovely
always very shocking when I hear lovely non racist totally totally non racist
non racist totally totally non racist
non racist totally totally non racist John took his people using the same
John took his people using the same
John took his people using the same words as Snoop Dogg okay even Snoop
words as Snoop Dogg okay even Snoop
words as Snoop Dogg okay even Snoop Dogg’s friends are exactly embarrassed
Dogg’s friends are exactly embarrassed
Dogg’s friends are exactly embarrassed by the way he talks so all of these
by the way he talks so all of these
by the way he talks so all of these things are their sources of my son
things are their sources of my son
things are their sources of my son standing and embarrassment however the
standing and embarrassment however the
standing and embarrassment however the great thing about these is that they can
great thing about these is that they can
great thing about these is that they can be taught tragically I’m not allowed to
be taught tragically I’m not allowed to
be taught tragically I’m not allowed to teach the sweaty ones okay but they can
teach the sweaty ones okay but they can
teach the sweaty ones okay but they can be taught which means that those
be taught which means that those
be taught which means that those problems can be to a great extent
problems can be to a great extent
problems can be to a great extent avoided let’s say but there are other
avoided let’s say but there are other
avoided let’s say but there are other types of problems which we don’t really
types of problems which we don’t really
types of problems which we don’t really teach actually in our school and the
teach actually in our school and the
teach actually in our school and the communications course for questions we
communications course for questions we
communications course for questions we do cover some of this which is fantastic
do cover some of this which is fantastic
do cover some of this which is fantastic so what I’m going to talk about now is
failing to be pragmatic it’s called
failing to be pragmatic it’s called pragmatic failure pragmatic breakdown
pragmatic failure pragmatic breakdown
pragmatic failure pragmatic breakdown and when we say the wrong thing we give
and when we say the wrong thing we give
and when we say the wrong thing we give people the wrong impression
people the wrong impression
people the wrong impression even though we’re trying to be nice ok
even though we’re trying to be nice ok
even though we’re trying to be nice ok I’ll give you a classic is one of the
I’ll give you a classic is one of the
I’ll give you a classic is one of the best known examples of intercultural
best known examples of intercultural
best known examples of intercultural socio pragmatic failure and I may have
socio pragmatic failure and I may have
socio pragmatic failure and I may have mentioned this before it’s when Irish
mentioned this before it’s when Irish
mentioned this before it’s when Irish people and the Germans are together now
people and the Germans are together now
people and the Germans are together now if you go to Ireland and someone offers
if you go to Ireland and someone offers
if you go to Ireland and someone offers you a cup of tea you say oh no thank you
you a cup of tea you say oh no thank you
you a cup of tea you say oh no thank you they’ll offer again I know don’t trouble
they’ll offer again I know don’t trouble
they’ll offer again I know don’t trouble yourself they will offer again well if
yourself they will offer again well if
yourself they will offer again well if you’re having one yourself they will
you’re having one yourself they will
you’re having one yourself they will offer again okay fine yes okay and
offer again okay fine yes okay and
offer again okay fine yes okay and Germany they asked once and if you say
Germany they asked once and if you say
Germany they asked once and if you say no thank you that’s it it’s as if tea
no thank you that’s it it’s as if tea
no thank you that’s it it’s as if tea doesn’t exist okay
doesn’t exist okay
doesn’t exist okay but the big problem here is Oh an Irish
but the big problem here is Oh an Irish
but the big problem here is Oh an Irish person things could help root the German
person things could help root the German
person things could help root the German when it who’s an island just think my
when it who’s an island just think my
when it who’s an island just think my god these these these Irish people
god these these these Irish people
god these these these Irish people stupid I’ve already said no okay so both
stupid I’ve already said no okay so both
stupid I’ve already said no okay so both people and they are behaving according
people and they are behaving according
people and they are behaving according to their own normal which causes can
to their own normal which causes can
to their own normal which causes can cause serious social problems now these
cause serious social problems now these
cause serious social problems now these problems these pragmatic failures also
problems these pragmatic failures also
problems these pragmatic failures also exist in our own language and I’m going
exist in our own language and I’m going
exist in our own language and I’m going to give you some examples of dangerous
to give you some examples of dangerous
to give you some examples of dangerous speed
speed
speed checked okay so one of them is
checked okay so one of them is
checked okay so one of them is suggesting okay when we when someone has
suggesting okay when we when someone has
suggesting okay when we when someone has a problem and we are suggesting
a problem and we are suggesting
a problem and we are suggesting solutions we can if we do it the wrong
solutions we can if we do it the wrong
solutions we can if we do it the wrong way we can sound like a new all we can
way we can sound like a new all we can
way we can sound like a new all we can sound disdainful combined you just do
sound disdainful combined you just do
sound disdainful combined you just do that okay we can sound a arrogant by the
that okay we can sound a arrogant by the
that okay we can sound a arrogant by the way none of those things are things you
way none of those things are things you
way none of those things are things you should be aiming for kids right
should be aiming for kids right
should be aiming for kids right those are no it’s cute qualities the
those are no it’s cute qualities the
those are no it’s cute qualities the most direct way of giving advice okay
most direct way of giving advice okay
most direct way of giving advice okay it’s probably the easiest especially
it’s probably the easiest especially
it’s probably the easiest especially when we’re language learners but it’s
when we’re language learners but it’s
when we’re language learners but it’s really the most dangerous way to go
really the most dangerous way to go
really the most dangerous way to go about it
about it
about it for example okay so do this okay we have
for example okay so do this okay we have
for example okay so do this okay we have to turn something just turn it and
to turn something just turn it and
to turn something just turn it and you’ll see that will work that’s one way
you’ll see that will work that’s one way
you’ll see that will work that’s one way to direct to Boise okay try turning it
to direct to Boise okay try turning it
to direct to Boise okay try turning it what about turning it hey have you
what about turning it hey have you
what about turning it hey have you thought about tunneling that’s it let’s
thought about tunneling that’s it let’s
thought about tunneling that’s it let’s turn it okay and we’re gradually going
turn it okay and we’re gradually going
turn it okay and we’re gradually going to the last one let’s turn it means
to the last one let’s turn it means
to the last one let’s turn it means we’re both at fault in some way I am
we’re both at fault in some way I am
we’re both at fault in some way I am sharing the problem with you get off
sharing the problem with you get off
sharing the problem with you get off okay so by doing this we we protect the
okay so by doing this we we protect the
okay so by doing this we we protect the other person’s face there their feeling
other person’s face there their feeling
other person’s face there their feeling of being valued in society is that and
of being valued in society is that and
of being valued in society is that and all of these things are to do with
all of these things are to do with
all of these things are to do with protecting people’s face okay how how
protecting people’s face okay how how
protecting people’s face okay how how they feel they are perceived in society
they feel they are perceived in society
they feel they are perceived in society are they being seen as big smart dumb
are they being seen as big smart dumb
are they being seen as big smart dumb naive etc okay so even something as as
naive etc okay so even something as as
naive etc okay so even something as as positive as suggesting a solution can be
positive as suggesting a solution can be
positive as suggesting a solution can be quite dangerous socially another one is
quite dangerous socially another one is
quite dangerous socially another one is praise okay telling someone they have
praise okay telling someone they have
praise okay telling someone they have done something well a big danger with
done something well a big danger with
done something well a big danger with that especially in Great Britain is that
that especially in Great Britain is that
that especially in Great Britain is that if you do it too strong Oh fantastic
if you do it too strong Oh fantastic
if you do it too strong Oh fantastic that could be sarcastic
that could be sarcastic
that could be sarcastic in fact in Scotland
in fact in Scotland
in fact in Scotland fantastic is only used when you’re being
fantastic is only used when you’re being
fantastic is only used when you’re being sarcastic nothing has ever been
sarcastic nothing has ever been
sarcastic nothing has ever been fantastic in Scotland except a partly
fantastic in Scotland except a partly
fantastic in Scotland except a partly the date I got on the plane and flew to
the date I got on the plane and flew to
the date I got on the plane and flew to Istanbul okay
Istanbul okay
Istanbul okay so I with praise it sounds sarcastic and
so I with praise it sounds sarcastic and
so I with praise it sounds sarcastic and sound sarcastic what the best way to do
sound sarcastic what the best way to do
sound sarcastic what the best way to do this to avoid embarrassment also because
this to avoid embarrassment also because
this to avoid embarrassment also because it might sound too strong that this is
it might sound too strong that this is
it might sound too strong that this is too much praise for me don’t please I’m
too much praise for me don’t please I’m
too much praise for me don’t please I’m left I’m just a regular genius then you
left I’m just a regular genius then you
left I’m just a regular genius then you what you do is you you praise the
what you do is you you praise the
what you do is you you praise the techniques that the person has used are
techniques that the person has used are
techniques that the person has used are you you described the amount of time
you you described the amount of time
you you described the amount of time they spent on it or the detail that they
they spent on it or the detail that they
they spent on it or the detail that they went into not praising the person for
went into not praising the person for
went into not praising the person for being brilliant but praising the quality
being brilliant but praising the quality
being brilliant but praising the quality of the work and then there’s no
of the work and then there’s no
of the work and then there’s no embarrassment
embarrassment
embarrassment hopefully okay and now we come to the
hopefully okay and now we come to the
hopefully okay and now we come to the most dangerous one which is disagreeing
most dangerous one which is disagreeing
most dangerous one which is disagreeing with people okay in Great Britain we are
with people okay in Great Britain we are
with people okay in Great Britain we are obsessed with protecting the other
obsessed with protecting the other
obsessed with protecting the other person’s face so I say someone says the
person’s face so I say someone says the
person’s face so I say someone says the moon is a very large camembert cheese
moon is a very large camembert cheese
moon is a very large camembert cheese okay that’s a way the best British way
okay that’s a way the best British way
okay that’s a way the best British way to say that you disagree is I had to
to say that you disagree is I had to
to say that you disagree is I had to undo anything about astronomy okay so
undo anything about astronomy okay so
undo anything about astronomy okay so you’re being very indirect so you might
you’re being very indirect so you might
you’re being very indirect so you might say do it or hmm that one there hmm
say do it or hmm that one there hmm
say do it or hmm that one there hmm means that you obviously left your brain
means that you obviously left your brain
means that you obviously left your brain on the Dornish so hmm okay very very
on the Dornish so hmm okay very very
on the Dornish so hmm okay very very dangerous term in English okay it’s like
dangerous term in English okay it’s like
dangerous term in English okay it’s like saying something like what did you just
saying something like what did you just
saying something like what did you just say about my mother
say about my mother
say about my mother that’s that kind of level of dangerous
that’s that kind of level of dangerous
that’s that kind of level of dangerous hmm in American English Americans are
hmm in American English Americans are
hmm in American English Americans are much more direct which is British people
much more direct which is British people
much more direct which is British people and Americans are not really separated
and Americans are not really separated
and Americans are not really separated by potato no so tomato tomahto we’re
by potato no so tomato tomahto we’re
by potato no so tomato tomahto we’re really separated by
really separated by
really separated by pragmatics and it’s completely normal
pragmatics and it’s completely normal
pragmatics and it’s completely normal for American people say I totally
for American people say I totally
for American people say I totally disagree and then they will explain
disagree and then they will explain
disagree and then they will explain exactly why they disagree and that is
exactly why they disagree and that is
exactly why they disagree and that is completely normal and acceptable and
completely normal and acceptable and
completely normal and acceptable and polite in American discourse American
polite in American discourse American
polite in American discourse American pragmatics once an American has said to
pragmatics once an American has said to
pragmatics once an American has said to a British person I totally disagree we
a British person I totally disagree we
a British person I totally disagree we are planning their death okay and it’s
are planning their death okay and it’s
are planning their death okay and it’s not going to be a nice one huh it tells
not going to be a nice one huh it tells
not going to be a nice one huh it tells Johnny I really loved that little statue
Johnny I really loved that little statue
Johnny I really loved that little statue of the dog he made it primary school
of the dog he made it primary school
of the dog he made it primary school no no involves fire and stakes okay so
one thing is very important to remember
one thing is very important to remember folks is that all of these rules change
folks is that all of these rules change
folks is that all of these rules change with friendship okay all of them the
with friendship okay all of them the
with friendship okay all of them the closer you get to someone the less you
closer you get to someone the less you
closer you get to someone the less you need to be all well it goes from excuse
need to be all well it goes from excuse
need to be all well it goes from excuse me if it’s not too much trouble would
me if it’s not too much trouble would
me if it’s not too much trouble would you mind if I open the window to I’m
you mind if I open the window to I’m
you mind if I open the window to I’m opening the window okay as we get closer
opening the window okay as we get closer
opening the window okay as we get closer in our relationships with people the
in our relationships with people the
in our relationships with people the length of our sentence is in these
length of our sentence is in these
length of our sentence is in these pragmatic circumstances also gets
pragmatic circumstances also gets
pragmatic circumstances also gets shorter so how can people who are moving
shorter so how can people who are moving
shorter so how can people who are moving to new circumstances new places how can
to new circumstances new places how can
to new circumstances new places how can they actually avoid making these
they actually avoid making these
they actually avoid making these mistakes well I think there are there
mistakes well I think there are there
mistakes well I think there are there various ways in which the arts can help
various ways in which the arts can help
various ways in which the arts can help us the first one I would say the most
us the first one I would say the most
us the first one I would say the most obvious one is to read the literature
obvious one is to read the literature
obvious one is to read the literature that’s written for your age group so
that’s written for your age group so
that’s written for your age group so particularly for students young adult
particularly for students young adult
particularly for students young adult literature and as much as possible
literature and as much as possible
literature and as much as possible things about ordinary people in ordinary
things about ordinary people in ordinary
things about ordinary people in ordinary circumstances doing ordinary things okay
circumstances doing ordinary things okay
circumstances doing ordinary things okay because there you can pick up on how
because there you can pick up on how
because there you can pick up on how people talk to each other how people
people talk to each other how people
people talk to each other how people talk to their friends their loved ones
talk to their friends their loved ones
talk to their friends their loved ones their families the teachers the
their families the teachers the
their families the teachers the authorities doctors etc okay and in all
authorities doctors etc okay and in all
authorities doctors etc okay and in all of those you have a kind of
of those you have a kind of
of those you have a kind of entertaining manual on how to behave
entertaining manual on how to behave
entertaining manual on how to behave linguistically in a different society
time-consuming perhaps so if what you
time-consuming perhaps so if what you can also do is watch TV shows I strongly
can also do is watch TV shows I strongly
can also do is watch TV shows I strongly recommend any long-running television
recommend any long-running television
recommend any long-running television series soap operas comedies probably
series soap operas comedies probably
series soap operas comedies probably soap operas and comedies are best okay
soap operas and comedies are best okay
soap operas and comedies are best okay especially if they are about for example
especially if they are about for example
especially if they are about for example teenagers or 20-somethings
teenagers or 20-somethings
teenagers or 20-somethings I don’t really recommend Hollywood
I don’t really recommend Hollywood
I don’t really recommend Hollywood movies because there’s too much
movies because there’s too much
movies because there’s too much exploding going on and you may have
exploding going on and you may have
exploding going on and you may have noticed explosions are statistically
noticed explosions are statistically
noticed explosions are statistically insignificant in most of our lives and
insignificant in most of our lives and
insignificant in most of our lives and it’s very rare for us to have to say
it’s very rare for us to have to say
it’s very rare for us to have to say let’s get out of here although I hear
let’s get out of here although I hear
let’s get out of here although I hear that as I’m arriving in my classroom
that as I’m arriving in my classroom
that as I’m arriving in my classroom quite often okay so in blockbusters
quite often okay so in blockbusters
quite often okay so in blockbusters Hollywood blockbusters etc the the
Hollywood blockbusters etc the the
Hollywood blockbusters etc the the problem is that all emotions are
problem is that all emotions are
problem is that all emotions are heightened too much so they don’t give
heightened too much so they don’t give
heightened too much so they don’t give us very much good linguistic data about
us very much good linguistic data about
us very much good linguistic data about how we can fit into our our new
how we can fit into our our new
how we can fit into our our new circumstances our new societies and of
circumstances our new societies and of
circumstances our new societies and of course as we do that it may surprise you
course as we do that it may surprise you
course as we do that it may surprise you but we go from being the abnormal one to
but we go from being the abnormal one to
but we go from being the abnormal one to being normal
being normal
being normal and I wish I hope this was useful for
and I wish I hope this was useful for
and I wish I hope this was useful for you in the future
you in the future
you in the future and shuffling off your abnormality and
and shuffling off your abnormality and
and shuffling off your abnormality and become becoming more normal wherever you
become becoming more normal wherever you
become becoming more normal wherever you may be
may be
may be thank you very much
thank you very much
thank you very much [Applause]
[Applause] good good morning
being pragmatic I’m going to look at the
being pragmatic I’m going to look at the ways that we say things and the ways
ways that we say things and the ways
ways that we say things and the ways that they are understood by other people
that they are understood by other people
that they are understood by other people and then firstly the moments words leave
and then firstly the moments words leave
and then firstly the moments words leave our mouths it’s like letting go of an
our mouths it’s like letting go of an
our mouths it’s like letting go of an Irish Setter you have no idea where
Irish Setter you have no idea where
Irish Setter you have no idea where they’re going to go and if they’re ever
they’re going to go and if they’re ever
they’re going to go and if they’re ever going to come back so our context is
going to come back so our context is
going to come back so our context is what is normal and what is abnormal and
what is normal and what is abnormal and
what is normal and what is abnormal and I would say that speaking is the most
I would say that speaking is the most
I would say that speaking is the most normal thing we have as humans that’s
normal thing we have as humans that’s
normal thing we have as humans that’s what makes us human so how can it
what makes us human so how can it
what makes us human so how can it possibly be problematic we’ve been
possibly be problematic we’ve been
possibly be problematic we’ve been talking for quite a while
pragmatics is the linguistic study of
pragmatics is the linguistic study of how people say what they mean and other
how people say what they mean and other
how people say what they mean and other people misunderstand what they mean so
people misunderstand what they mean so
people misunderstand what they mean so this is these problems are greatly
this is these problems are greatly
this is these problems are greatly increased when we are out of our normal
increased when we are out of our normal
increased when we are out of our normal communicative social zone when in fact
communicative social zone when in fact
communicative social zone when in fact my normal bumps up against your normal
my normal bumps up against your normal
my normal bumps up against your normal and that’s what little the cats and when
and that’s what little the cats and when
and that’s what little the cats and when you give you an example which is about
you give you an example which is about
you give you an example which is about it’s not even about language but it’s
it’s not even about language but it’s
it’s not even about language but it’s definitely about pragmatism I’m Scottish
definitely about pragmatism I’m Scottish
definitely about pragmatism I’m Scottish you can’t tell from my accent but
you can’t tell from my accent but
you can’t tell from my accent but actually I am Scottish I spent almost 2
actually I am Scottish I spent almost 2
actually I am Scottish I spent almost 2 pounds on lessons to improve my dialect
pounds on lessons to improve my dialect
pounds on lessons to improve my dialect every penny well worth spending so in
every penny well worth spending so in
every penny well worth spending so in Scotland if you’re a man you shake hands
Scotland if you’re a man you shake hands
Scotland if you’re a man you shake hands with people three times when you first
with people three times when you first
with people three times when you first meet them at new year if you can still
meet them at new year if you can still
meet them at new year if you can still operate your hands and at funerals and
operate your hands and at funerals and
operate your hands and at funerals and that’s all when I was 20 I moved to
that’s all when I was 20 I moved to
that’s all when I was 20 I moved to France people they’ve spent almost their
France people they’ve spent almost their
France people they’ve spent almost their entire lives shaking hands if they’re
entire lives shaking hands if they’re
entire lives shaking hands if they’re not kissing each other so for me I was
not kissing each other so for me I was
not kissing each other so for me I was quite I was perceived as being quite
quite I was perceived as being quite
quite I was perceived as being quite standoffish because
standoffish because
standoffish because I shook hands once and then after that
I shook hands once and then after that
I shook hands once and then after that it was like I had anvils for cufflinks I
it was like I had anvils for cufflinks I
it was like I had anvils for cufflinks I just would stand there and people would
just would stand there and people would
just would stand there and people would be so that was a problem for me in
be so that was a problem for me in
be so that was a problem for me in France then after that I realized okay
France then after that I realized okay
France then after that I realized okay shake hands with everybody except women
shake hands with everybody except women
shake hands with everybody except women then you kiss them but you don’t really
then you kiss them but you don’t really
then you kiss them but you don’t really kiss them and all that so all of that
kiss them and all that so all of that
kiss them and all that so all of that because that a settlement of
because that a settlement of
because that a settlement of misunderstanding then I came to Turkey
misunderstanding then I came to Turkey
misunderstanding then I came to Turkey ten years after I’d been living in
ten years after I’d been living in
ten years after I’d been living in France and I discovered that the whole
France and I discovered that the whole
France and I discovered that the whole thing about shaking hands and kissing I
thing about shaking hands and kissing I
thing about shaking hands and kissing I I was actually very pleased when it came
I was actually very pleased when it came
I was actually very pleased when it came to this of limited headbutts
to this of limited headbutts
to this of limited headbutts that people give each other instead of
that people give each other instead of
that people give each other instead of kissing us and it’s more Scottish that’s
kissing us and it’s more Scottish that’s
kissing us and it’s more Scottish that’s got a Glasgow kiss alright okay so there
got a Glasgow kiss alright okay so there
got a Glasgow kiss alright okay so there were there were certain pragmatic
were there were certain pragmatic
were there were certain pragmatic differences in let’s say body language
however women poets focus on the
however women poets focus on the linguistic problems that can come from
linguistic problems that can come from
linguistic problems that can come from misunderstandings so there are fairly
misunderstandings so there are fairly
misunderstandings so there are fairly obvious ones which aren’t really
obvious ones which aren’t really
obvious ones which aren’t really pragmatic the really linguistic so for
pragmatic the really linguistic so for
pragmatic the really linguistic so for example in French you have two and vous
example in French you have two and vous
example in French you have two and vous and German you have du and Z and Turkish
and German you have du and Z and Turkish
and German you have du and Z and Turkish you have sin C’s and then for extra
you have sin C’s and then for extra
you have sin C’s and then for extra politeness C’s left okay so when I first
politeness C’s left okay so when I first
politeness C’s left okay so when I first went to France I was 20 years old my
went to France I was 20 years old my
went to France I was 20 years old my French teachers had told me you always
French teachers had told me you always
French teachers had told me you always say vous to people that you don’t know
say vous to people that you don’t know
say vous to people that you don’t know so I was saying vous to people who were
so I was saying vous to people who were
so I was saying vous to people who were the same age as me or even younger and
the same age as me or even younger and
the same age as me or even younger and this made me appear to be kind of
this made me appear to be kind of
this made me appear to be kind of Snowbasin standoffish and arrogant me
Snowbasin standoffish and arrogant me
Snowbasin standoffish and arrogant me incredible okay and then ten years later
incredible okay and then ten years later
incredible okay and then ten years later I came to Turkey I’d completely given up
I came to Turkey I’d completely given up
I came to Turkey I’d completely given up and all this vous stuff and French and
and all this vous stuff and French and
and all this vous stuff and French and so I was saying send everybody which
so I was saying send everybody which
so I was saying send everybody which made me sound also kind of disdainful
made me sound also kind of disdainful
made me sound also kind of disdainful and disrespectful towards people so
and disrespectful towards people so
and disrespectful towards people so these are kind of lexical problems and
these are kind of lexical problems and
these are kind of lexical problems and grammatical problems
grammatical problems
there are also other things which are to
there are also other things which are to do with the sayings that people use so
do with the sayings that people use so
do with the sayings that people use so for example in American English there’s
for example in American English there’s
for example in American English there’s a very nice phrase yeah good luck with
a very nice phrase yeah good luck with
a very nice phrase yeah good luck with that okay which you may think oh he’s
that okay which you may think oh he’s
that okay which you may think oh he’s wishing me every success whereas in fact
wishing me every success whereas in fact
wishing me every success whereas in fact the person is saying you are doomed good
the person is saying you are doomed good
the person is saying you are doomed good luck with that
luck with that
luck with that okay and in Great Britain someone might
okay and in Great Britain someone might
okay and in Great Britain someone might say to you when you’re in a debate or
say to you when you’re in a debate or
say to you when you’re in a debate or discussion with the greatest respect
discussion with the greatest respect
discussion with the greatest respect which means of course you are a
which means of course you are a
which means of course you are a blithering idiot okay so there are many
blithering idiot okay so there are many
blithering idiot okay so there are many sort of things that and the another
sort of things that and the another
sort of things that and the another field says swearing relaxed I’m not
field says swearing relaxed I’m not
field says swearing relaxed I’m not going to swear I’m not even thinking bad
going to swear I’m not even thinking bad
going to swear I’m not even thinking bad words just now if I drop my cards I will
words just now if I drop my cards I will
words just now if I drop my cards I will but so for example I am Scottish
but so for example I am Scottish
but so for example I am Scottish Scottish people are particularly
Scottish people are particularly
Scottish people are particularly swearing okay but we are nothing
swearing okay but we are nothing
swearing okay but we are nothing compared to Irish people who are looked
compared to Irish people who are looked
compared to Irish people who are looked down upon by the Australians as almost
down upon by the Australians as almost
down upon by the Australians as almost priests like in the clarity and
priests like in the clarity and
priests like in the clarity and cleanliness of their language one of the
cleanliness of their language one of the
cleanliness of their language one of the problems is that if you swear the wrong
problems is that if you swear the wrong
problems is that if you swear the wrong way in some countries people will think
way in some countries people will think
way in some countries people will think you’re rude face you can’t see that
you’re rude face you can’t see that
you’re rude face you can’t see that you’ve got to see it in a robot Rover
you’ve got to see it in a robot Rover
you’ve got to see it in a robot Rover are rising frozen hasn’t frozen no real
are rising frozen hasn’t frozen no real
are rising frozen hasn’t frozen no real words okay a problem for young Turkish
words okay a problem for young Turkish
words okay a problem for young Turkish people is that they listen to rap and
people is that they listen to rap and
people is that they listen to rap and hip-hop and they really don’t understand
hip-hop and they really don’t understand
hip-hop and they really don’t understand that there are loss of words
that there are loss of words
that there are loss of words it’s almost every letter of the alphabet
it’s almost every letter of the alphabet
it’s almost every letter of the alphabet but there are lots of words that you
but there are lots of words that you
but there are lots of words that you cannot say without actually being from
cannot say without actually being from
cannot say without actually being from the south side of Chicago or central
the south side of Chicago or central
the south side of Chicago or central South Central Los Angeles etc and it’s
South Central Los Angeles etc and it’s
South Central Los Angeles etc and it’s always very shocking when I hear lovely
always very shocking when I hear lovely
always very shocking when I hear lovely non racist totally totally non racist
non racist totally totally non racist
non racist totally totally non racist John took his people using the same
John took his people using the same
John took his people using the same words as Snoop Dogg okay even Snoop
words as Snoop Dogg okay even Snoop
words as Snoop Dogg okay even Snoop Dogg’s friends are exactly embarrassed
Dogg’s friends are exactly embarrassed
Dogg’s friends are exactly embarrassed by the way he talks so all of these
by the way he talks so all of these
by the way he talks so all of these things are their sources of my son
things are their sources of my son
things are their sources of my son standing and embarrassment however the
standing and embarrassment however the
standing and embarrassment however the great thing about these is that they can
great thing about these is that they can
great thing about these is that they can be taught tragically I’m not allowed to
be taught tragically I’m not allowed to
be taught tragically I’m not allowed to teach the sweaty ones okay but they can
teach the sweaty ones okay but they can
teach the sweaty ones okay but they can be taught which means that those
be taught which means that those
be taught which means that those problems can be to a great extent
problems can be to a great extent
problems can be to a great extent avoided let’s say but there are other
avoided let’s say but there are other
avoided let’s say but there are other types of problems which we don’t really
types of problems which we don’t really
types of problems which we don’t really teach actually in our school and the
teach actually in our school and the
teach actually in our school and the communications course for questions we
communications course for questions we
communications course for questions we do cover some of this which is fantastic
do cover some of this which is fantastic
do cover some of this which is fantastic so what I’m going to talk about now is
failing to be pragmatic it’s called
failing to be pragmatic it’s called pragmatic failure pragmatic breakdown
pragmatic failure pragmatic breakdown
pragmatic failure pragmatic breakdown and when we say the wrong thing we give
and when we say the wrong thing we give
and when we say the wrong thing we give people the wrong impression
people the wrong impression
people the wrong impression even though we’re trying to be nice ok
even though we’re trying to be nice ok
even though we’re trying to be nice ok I’ll give you a classic is one of the
I’ll give you a classic is one of the
I’ll give you a classic is one of the best known examples of intercultural
best known examples of intercultural
best known examples of intercultural socio pragmatic failure and I may have
socio pragmatic failure and I may have
socio pragmatic failure and I may have mentioned this before it’s when Irish
mentioned this before it’s when Irish
mentioned this before it’s when Irish people and the Germans are together now
people and the Germans are together now
people and the Germans are together now if you go to Ireland and someone offers
if you go to Ireland and someone offers
if you go to Ireland and someone offers you a cup of tea you say oh no thank you
you a cup of tea you say oh no thank you
you a cup of tea you say oh no thank you they’ll offer again I know don’t trouble
they’ll offer again I know don’t trouble
they’ll offer again I know don’t trouble yourself they will offer again well if
yourself they will offer again well if
yourself they will offer again well if you’re having one yourself they will
you’re having one yourself they will
you’re having one yourself they will offer again okay fine yes okay and
offer again okay fine yes okay and
offer again okay fine yes okay and Germany they asked once and if you say
Germany they asked once and if you say
Germany they asked once and if you say no thank you that’s it it’s as if tea
no thank you that’s it it’s as if tea
no thank you that’s it it’s as if tea doesn’t exist okay
doesn’t exist okay
doesn’t exist okay but the big problem here is Oh an Irish
but the big problem here is Oh an Irish
but the big problem here is Oh an Irish person things could help root the German
person things could help root the German
person things could help root the German when it who’s an island just think my
when it who’s an island just think my
when it who’s an island just think my god these these these Irish people
god these these these Irish people
god these these these Irish people stupid I’ve already said no okay so both
stupid I’ve already said no okay so both
stupid I’ve already said no okay so both people and they are behaving according
people and they are behaving according
people and they are behaving according to their own normal which causes can
to their own normal which causes can
to their own normal which causes can cause serious social problems now these
cause serious social problems now these
cause serious social problems now these problems these pragmatic failures also
problems these pragmatic failures also
problems these pragmatic failures also exist in our own language and I’m going
exist in our own language and I’m going
exist in our own language and I’m going to give you some examples of dangerous
to give you some examples of dangerous
to give you some examples of dangerous speed
speed
speed checked okay so one of them is
checked okay so one of them is
checked okay so one of them is suggesting okay when we when someone has
suggesting okay when we when someone has
suggesting okay when we when someone has a problem and we are suggesting
a problem and we are suggesting
a problem and we are suggesting solutions we can if we do it the wrong
solutions we can if we do it the wrong
solutions we can if we do it the wrong way we can sound like a new all we can
way we can sound like a new all we can
way we can sound like a new all we can sound disdainful combined you just do
sound disdainful combined you just do
sound disdainful combined you just do that okay we can sound a arrogant by the
that okay we can sound a arrogant by the
that okay we can sound a arrogant by the way none of those things are things you
way none of those things are things you
way none of those things are things you should be aiming for kids right
should be aiming for kids right
should be aiming for kids right those are no it’s cute qualities the
those are no it’s cute qualities the
those are no it’s cute qualities the most direct way of giving advice okay
most direct way of giving advice okay
most direct way of giving advice okay it’s probably the easiest especially
it’s probably the easiest especially
it’s probably the easiest especially when we’re language learners but it’s
when we’re language learners but it’s
when we’re language learners but it’s really the most dangerous way to go
really the most dangerous way to go
really the most dangerous way to go about it
about it
about it for example okay so do this okay we have
for example okay so do this okay we have
for example okay so do this okay we have to turn something just turn it and
to turn something just turn it and
to turn something just turn it and you’ll see that will work that’s one way
you’ll see that will work that’s one way
you’ll see that will work that’s one way to direct to Boise okay try turning it
to direct to Boise okay try turning it
to direct to Boise okay try turning it what about turning it hey have you
what about turning it hey have you
what about turning it hey have you thought about tunneling that’s it let’s
thought about tunneling that’s it let’s
thought about tunneling that’s it let’s turn it okay and we’re gradually going
turn it okay and we’re gradually going
turn it okay and we’re gradually going to the last one let’s turn it means
to the last one let’s turn it means
to the last one let’s turn it means we’re both at fault in some way I am
we’re both at fault in some way I am
we’re both at fault in some way I am sharing the problem with you get off
sharing the problem with you get off
sharing the problem with you get off okay so by doing this we we protect the
okay so by doing this we we protect the
okay so by doing this we we protect the other person’s face there their feeling
other person’s face there their feeling
other person’s face there their feeling of being valued in society is that and
of being valued in society is that and
of being valued in society is that and all of these things are to do with
all of these things are to do with
all of these things are to do with protecting people’s face okay how how
protecting people’s face okay how how
protecting people’s face okay how how they feel they are perceived in society
they feel they are perceived in society
they feel they are perceived in society are they being seen as big smart dumb
are they being seen as big smart dumb
are they being seen as big smart dumb naive etc okay so even something as as
naive etc okay so even something as as
naive etc okay so even something as as positive as suggesting a solution can be
positive as suggesting a solution can be
positive as suggesting a solution can be quite dangerous socially another one is
quite dangerous socially another one is
quite dangerous socially another one is praise okay telling someone they have
praise okay telling someone they have
praise okay telling someone they have done something well a big danger with
done something well a big danger with
done something well a big danger with that especially in Great Britain is that
that especially in Great Britain is that
that especially in Great Britain is that if you do it too strong Oh fantastic
if you do it too strong Oh fantastic
if you do it too strong Oh fantastic that could be sarcastic
that could be sarcastic
that could be sarcastic in fact in Scotland
in fact in Scotland
in fact in Scotland fantastic is only used when you’re being
fantastic is only used when you’re being
fantastic is only used when you’re being sarcastic nothing has ever been
sarcastic nothing has ever been
sarcastic nothing has ever been fantastic in Scotland except a partly
fantastic in Scotland except a partly
fantastic in Scotland except a partly the date I got on the plane and flew to
the date I got on the plane and flew to
the date I got on the plane and flew to Istanbul okay
Istanbul okay
Istanbul okay so I with praise it sounds sarcastic and
so I with praise it sounds sarcastic and
so I with praise it sounds sarcastic and sound sarcastic what the best way to do
sound sarcastic what the best way to do
sound sarcastic what the best way to do this to avoid embarrassment also because
this to avoid embarrassment also because
this to avoid embarrassment also because it might sound too strong that this is
it might sound too strong that this is
it might sound too strong that this is too much praise for me don’t please I’m
too much praise for me don’t please I’m
too much praise for me don’t please I’m left I’m just a regular genius then you
left I’m just a regular genius then you
left I’m just a regular genius then you what you do is you you praise the
what you do is you you praise the
what you do is you you praise the techniques that the person has used are
techniques that the person has used are
techniques that the person has used are you you described the amount of time
you you described the amount of time
you you described the amount of time they spent on it or the detail that they
they spent on it or the detail that they
they spent on it or the detail that they went into not praising the person for
went into not praising the person for
went into not praising the person for being brilliant but praising the quality
being brilliant but praising the quality
being brilliant but praising the quality of the work and then there’s no
of the work and then there’s no
of the work and then there’s no embarrassment
embarrassment
embarrassment hopefully okay and now we come to the
hopefully okay and now we come to the
hopefully okay and now we come to the most dangerous one which is disagreeing
most dangerous one which is disagreeing
most dangerous one which is disagreeing with people okay in Great Britain we are
with people okay in Great Britain we are
with people okay in Great Britain we are obsessed with protecting the other
obsessed with protecting the other
obsessed with protecting the other person’s face so I say someone says the
person’s face so I say someone says the
person’s face so I say someone says the moon is a very large camembert cheese
moon is a very large camembert cheese
moon is a very large camembert cheese okay that’s a way the best British way
okay that’s a way the best British way
okay that’s a way the best British way to say that you disagree is I had to
to say that you disagree is I had to
to say that you disagree is I had to undo anything about astronomy okay so
undo anything about astronomy okay so
undo anything about astronomy okay so you’re being very indirect so you might
you’re being very indirect so you might
you’re being very indirect so you might say do it or hmm that one there hmm
say do it or hmm that one there hmm
say do it or hmm that one there hmm means that you obviously left your brain
means that you obviously left your brain
means that you obviously left your brain on the Dornish so hmm okay very very
on the Dornish so hmm okay very very
on the Dornish so hmm okay very very dangerous term in English okay it’s like
dangerous term in English okay it’s like
dangerous term in English okay it’s like saying something like what did you just
saying something like what did you just
saying something like what did you just say about my mother
say about my mother
say about my mother that’s that kind of level of dangerous
that’s that kind of level of dangerous
that’s that kind of level of dangerous hmm in American English Americans are
hmm in American English Americans are
hmm in American English Americans are much more direct which is British people
much more direct which is British people
much more direct which is British people and Americans are not really separated
and Americans are not really separated
and Americans are not really separated by potato no so tomato tomahto we’re
by potato no so tomato tomahto we’re
by potato no so tomato tomahto we’re really separated by
really separated by
really separated by pragmatics and it’s completely normal
pragmatics and it’s completely normal
pragmatics and it’s completely normal for American people say I totally
for American people say I totally
for American people say I totally disagree and then they will explain
disagree and then they will explain
disagree and then they will explain exactly why they disagree and that is
exactly why they disagree and that is
exactly why they disagree and that is completely normal and acceptable and
completely normal and acceptable and
completely normal and acceptable and polite in American discourse American
polite in American discourse American
polite in American discourse American pragmatics once an American has said to
pragmatics once an American has said to
pragmatics once an American has said to a British person I totally disagree we
a British person I totally disagree we
a British person I totally disagree we are planning their death okay and it’s
are planning their death okay and it’s
are planning their death okay and it’s not going to be a nice one huh it tells
not going to be a nice one huh it tells
not going to be a nice one huh it tells Johnny I really loved that little statue
Johnny I really loved that little statue
Johnny I really loved that little statue of the dog he made it primary school
of the dog he made it primary school
of the dog he made it primary school no no involves fire and stakes okay so
one thing is very important to remember
one thing is very important to remember folks is that all of these rules change
folks is that all of these rules change
folks is that all of these rules change with friendship okay all of them the
with friendship okay all of them the
with friendship okay all of them the closer you get to someone the less you
closer you get to someone the less you
closer you get to someone the less you need to be all well it goes from excuse
need to be all well it goes from excuse
need to be all well it goes from excuse me if it’s not too much trouble would
me if it’s not too much trouble would
me if it’s not too much trouble would you mind if I open the window to I’m
you mind if I open the window to I’m
you mind if I open the window to I’m opening the window okay as we get closer
opening the window okay as we get closer
opening the window okay as we get closer in our relationships with people the
in our relationships with people the
in our relationships with people the length of our sentence is in these
length of our sentence is in these
length of our sentence is in these pragmatic circumstances also gets
pragmatic circumstances also gets
pragmatic circumstances also gets shorter so how can people who are moving
shorter so how can people who are moving
shorter so how can people who are moving to new circumstances new places how can
to new circumstances new places how can
to new circumstances new places how can they actually avoid making these
they actually avoid making these
they actually avoid making these mistakes well I think there are there
mistakes well I think there are there
mistakes well I think there are there various ways in which the arts can help
various ways in which the arts can help
various ways in which the arts can help us the first one I would say the most
us the first one I would say the most
us the first one I would say the most obvious one is to read the literature
obvious one is to read the literature
obvious one is to read the literature that’s written for your age group so
that’s written for your age group so
that’s written for your age group so particularly for students young adult
particularly for students young adult
particularly for students young adult literature and as much as possible
literature and as much as possible
literature and as much as possible things about ordinary people in ordinary
things about ordinary people in ordinary
things about ordinary people in ordinary circumstances doing ordinary things okay
circumstances doing ordinary things okay
circumstances doing ordinary things okay because there you can pick up on how
because there you can pick up on how
because there you can pick up on how people talk to each other how people
people talk to each other how people
people talk to each other how people talk to their friends their loved ones
talk to their friends their loved ones
talk to their friends their loved ones their families the teachers the
their families the teachers the
their families the teachers the authorities doctors etc okay and in all
authorities doctors etc okay and in all
authorities doctors etc okay and in all of those you have a kind of
of those you have a kind of
of those you have a kind of entertaining manual on how to behave
entertaining manual on how to behave
entertaining manual on how to behave linguistically in a different society
time-consuming perhaps so if what you
time-consuming perhaps so if what you can also do is watch TV shows I strongly
can also do is watch TV shows I strongly
can also do is watch TV shows I strongly recommend any long-running television
recommend any long-running television
recommend any long-running television series soap operas comedies probably
series soap operas comedies probably
series soap operas comedies probably soap operas and comedies are best okay
soap operas and comedies are best okay
soap operas and comedies are best okay especially if they are about for example
especially if they are about for example
especially if they are about for example teenagers or 20-somethings
teenagers or 20-somethings
teenagers or 20-somethings I don’t really recommend Hollywood
I don’t really recommend Hollywood
I don’t really recommend Hollywood movies because there’s too much
movies because there’s too much
movies because there’s too much exploding going on and you may have
exploding going on and you may have
exploding going on and you may have noticed explosions are statistically
noticed explosions are statistically
noticed explosions are statistically insignificant in most of our lives and
insignificant in most of our lives and
insignificant in most of our lives and it’s very rare for us to have to say
it’s very rare for us to have to say
it’s very rare for us to have to say let’s get out of here although I hear
let’s get out of here although I hear
let’s get out of here although I hear that as I’m arriving in my classroom
that as I’m arriving in my classroom
that as I’m arriving in my classroom quite often okay so in blockbusters
quite often okay so in blockbusters
quite often okay so in blockbusters Hollywood blockbusters etc the the
Hollywood blockbusters etc the the
Hollywood blockbusters etc the the problem is that all emotions are
problem is that all emotions are
problem is that all emotions are heightened too much so they don’t give
heightened too much so they don’t give
heightened too much so they don’t give us very much good linguistic data about
us very much good linguistic data about
us very much good linguistic data about how we can fit into our our new
how we can fit into our our new
how we can fit into our our new circumstances our new societies and of
circumstances our new societies and of
circumstances our new societies and of course as we do that it may surprise you
course as we do that it may surprise you
course as we do that it may surprise you but we go from being the abnormal one to
but we go from being the abnormal one to
but we go from being the abnormal one to being normal
being normal
being normal and I wish I hope this was useful for
and I wish I hope this was useful for
and I wish I hope this was useful for you in the future
you in the future
you in the future and shuffling off your abnormality and
and shuffling off your abnormality and
and shuffling off your abnormality and become becoming more normal wherever you
become becoming more normal wherever you
become becoming more normal wherever you may be
may be
may be thank you very much
thank you very much
thank you very much [Applause]
Please follow and like us: