okay so we I think we find ourselves I’m
sure you’ll agree with me in a period of
time where there is a shift in the
tectonic plate your light of history
we’ve had them before from a European
perspective they’ve happened quite often
they happen they happen at a 30 or 40
year interval we had during the First
World War the Russian Revolution he had
the depression after that we had another
war and the iron curtain came down in
the 1980s the end of the 1980s the Iron
Curtain went back up again and now we
find ourselves in another of those
periods in history which is very
disturbing and of course a great deal of
pain and anguish but can we do something
can’t will we as as Europeans as members
of the world and the emerge from this
stronger and better remains to be seen I
want to talk about globalization why
because I think as an individual is
interested in sustainable communities
I’m keen to debunk some of the
scapegoats if you like o our current
that become political dichotomy one of
which i think is globalization another
is the role of organizations and of
cooperation and I want to see what might
be a better method of disrupting the
status quo and building it again so that
it is better so let me go into a little
bit of detail first about globalization
so globalization occurred in two waves
in modern times the first wave was from
1820 through to about 1914 driven by by
technology by fast travel around the
world and the second wave occurred run
about this time so this is a 90 end of
the 1950s where air travel made the
exchange of goods and service
is very very quick indeed so this
particular song came out 1958 and if you
listen to the words we get a bit of a
musical interlude you’ll see you’ll get
a sense of the optimism of the time so
[Music]
remember a couple of countries there
were mentioned India was mentioned and
Peru was mentioned so if you if you
chart the success or otherwise of
globalization India ISM is one of those
countries that’s benefited enormously
gdp per capita is up there’s an emerging
middle class in India China is another
country but there are losers there were
losses in this phenomenon countries like
countries in some countries in Africa
and some in South America where poverty
is not it has not improved particularly
so you got if you take Haru as an
example because Peru was mentioned it so
by in 1971 so you rolled on a few years
from when Frank Sinatra was saying in
his hole in the UK almost everybody
that’s ninety-one percent of households
had the television set whereas in a
country like Peru which is mid-table you
know in terms of GDP per capita only one
in five have so by this time already
particularly in this second wave of
globalization which brought with it not
just the exchange of goods and services
with the exchange of ideas and people
could see how poor they were there came
an awareness that there was in equal
theatre world and the Peruvians found a
voice to this guy this is gustavo
gutierrez and he said that the poor are
a byproduct of the system in which we
live and for which we are responsible he
didn’t say but what she you are
responsible he was writing this in the
practical theology of liberation in 1971
his point being there is a systemic
failure to to spread wealth evenly
around the world and that inequality is
systemized systematize if you take
another perspective on globalization
globalization is not about dumping ideas
and other people this general gentleman
is Roland Robertson and he was writing a
sociologist he wrote in 1992 that
globalization is particular eyes as well
as is a particular izing as well as
univer universalizing phenomenon so you
could take something like rock and roll
you can you can broadcast it to japan
and what you get back is something
completely different he even to the
level of you know cultivating rice in a
paddy field so that might be a new
technology for one culture or other but
you know the next door paddy field might
be cultivated in a completely different
way so we shouldn’t be considering
globalization as a yes as a wave if you
like of a foreign culture invading other
culture that was his point these
cultural icons are popular right round
the world yes they they might be
emanating from a single point actually
the second time Beyonce you do today and
also Schwarzenegger but they are popular
there they’re loved and there they
utilized and they’re also integrated
into cultures in a way that’s not
negative at all our very own our very
own a cultural hero I hope this isn’t an
image of how our esteem
yeah as Britain’s is going to gain it’s
going to be perceived world widen in the
coming years so what are we going to do
to improve our lot this is Nick stern he
was called next term when when I was at
University anyway now he’s Lord Nicholas
there however he took t-took he one of
the positive aspects of globalization
which is that we can make decisions
about climate change and he asked people
to be you know in the policy community
deliberate and to provide clear
direction for new development investment
and inclusive growth he said that
development banks were absolutely
critical are there enough of those
development bank resources around not
just to cope with climate change but to
implement policy in other directions as
well this is Nobel laureate and
economist Joseph Stiglitz what he had to
say particularly in the context of
neoliberalism which is again something
not to be confused with globalization
neoliberalism is about you know opening
up trade making decisions about terrace
and barriers and that kind of thing what
he was saying that the problem that
we’re facing is that economic
globalization has outpaced political
globalization and according to stiglitz
we need more we need to act more
cooperatively we don’t have overarching
decision making so rolling back on
cooperative structures is not something
that stiglitz would advocate this is
Nigel Cameron we’ve had a lecture
already today about robotics artificial
intelligence what Cameron is saying is
that we got to embrace technology he’s a
futurist he’s got a Washington think
tank and he talks about technological
unemployment that is coming down the
road Attis this is something that we’re
going to embrace because it’s going to
be good we’re going to take however any
casualties there are in the road on
Rose today and we’re going to reduce it
to next to nothing it’s a good thing
there are already tractors in the course
of production that can take the labor
out of farm work because they can fully
autonomous you may have seen an
advertiser area showcase on the TV
recently but again just like Stieglitz
just like stern it’s the policymakers
that we’ve got the tape that have to
take the lead in coping with
technological unemployment Cameron says
that we’ve got to establish the consider
technology is just offering us tools we
have to establish the frameworks within
who was going to do this wonderful work
of established owners frameworks and
exploiting those tools there’s the
public sector and there’s a private
sector there’s a top-down policymaker
policy led agenda and there’s the
empowerment of brave people doing things
from the bottom up so if we take the
first example of how the public sector
can can disrupt I think this is in
recent memory one of the best examples
so long came john major in the late
1990s had a look at our performance in
atlanta in 1996 what we’ve got just one
gold medal and decided to completely
change the nature British sport it was
enabled through through two things
really one of which was funding through
the National Lottery and the other was a
selection process in which only a
limited number of sports were were
funded but funded at a very high level
at a level that enabled us to jump from
you know just one gold medal in 96 to
you know recently we came second in the
world with twenty seven gold medals it’s
a transformational change that will
achieve from the top down but what about
bottom-up changes who the other who the
rainmakers that are going to change our
lives and there are lessons from history
about how if we’re not careful we put
obstacles in the way of people and we
need to remove those obstacles this is
marie curie and obstacles she faced was
she yes as a woman she faced
discrimination there was in the case of
the second person there which is tommy
software the obstacle he felt was a
backlash from the establishment against
his success as an aircraft manufacturer
he was actually put out of business at
the end of world war one by a government
that was jealous of the money that he
made and they taxed it all back from him
it actually made him bankrupt so he had
to reinvent himself under the under the
Hawker label later on and the third
example this is this beefy guy is almost
unrecognizable that’s Richard Branson
what happened to Richard Branson in the
1990s were actually started Virgin
Atlantic was that the venn establishment
which was British Airways they didn’t
they were jealous of his success they
were unable to compete and they
attempted to put him out of business by
stealing passenger lists approaching
those people and trying to and try to
get the prom and they were they were
fined and Julie Julie reprimanded by the
cause but these people faced opposition
from the establishment which shouldn’t
be there another feature if you like of
a successful bottom-up transformational
disruptive change is that people can
this should be pigeonholed into just one
one approach this is Octavia Hill who as
well as being a social reformer she had
other interests as well so she was the
co-founder of a national trust and she
also brought about each who almost
invented really social work so she was a
polymer and you know she worked across
disciplines the same with Lord Michael
Young in the middle as well as
establishing that consumers association
which he was also found during the open
university as well of another number of
other initiatives and this is terence
conran at the end there and terence
conran as well as being a wonderful
designer he had to invent his own route
to market which was the habitats doors
because he couldn’t get retailers to
take his innovative design you know
changes and innovations that can take
place that do have a transformation
whole fake arm examples like you see you
see there so this is a housing
development I took place in bordesley
and West Birmingham run by the accord
Housing Association and they dealt with
two issues they dealt with unemployment
because they’ve taken 11 unemployed men
sorry and they’ve given them they’ve
given them
housing through self build so they
actually trained him to build those
houses and they’re now living in the
next example is a very good example of a
disruptive approach to dealing with the
proper dimension which was to provide
housing for people in a very safe
environment that is at the same time
stimulating so these are elderly people
that’s on the top left is place called
hoga we just outside on down and on the
bottom right is within Shore just
outside Bristol and these are dementia
villages with a very holistic approach
to looking after people that gives them
both the freedom to interact freely in
their sort of a non care environment but
at the same time it is a safe
environment don’t have their needs met
and then finally this is an example of a
very good work work space development
down in Hastings which has been run by
so this is an organization sorry White
Rock neighborhood ventures led by jess
Steele who some of you might know
through an organization called locality
and what they’ve established through the
development trust and they now know that
that no one can throw them out and as
jess steel has said the way to take
action if you’re serious about
community-based development is to buy
property to take it off the market which
they’ve done success very successfully
down there in down in Hastings through
the vehicle their development trust so
to sum up change is definitely required
now as back never before we need
transformational people and we need
transformational policies and we need to
remove the barriers to change that
individuals experience from that from
that from the bottom are but also
barriers that governments face to change
because
haven’t got cooperative structures so we
need those channels for people to work
together so you do have overarching
decision-making so you can make changes
on things like climate change and you
can mitigate the effects with
technological unemployment etc and we
need to operate on the small as well as
the large scale which is why I like
people like you and me we have a role to
play in this and i always think we
should we should wishes we should wish
ourselves good luck in overcoming fear
and adopting the strategies to bet to be
the best we can hi grandma [Applause]