[Applause]
indeed philosophy is a
beautiful discipline I’m interested
for several years and it’s even
she led me to take an interest in
artificial intelligence indeed
intelligence is a highly notion
philosophical and there the intelligence
artificial inches full of big
questions of western philosophy
so as we said before I’m a
little geek at times so I
looked at what it was like at the level of
technology
and then I’m an entrepreneur in the
real life let’s say so I looked
what impact did it have on society at
people in the uses and mixing a
little these three looks jean followed to a
conclusion is that intelligence
artificial is an opportunity
evolutionary for the human species
we talk a lot about the risks but it’s
an opportunity so I’m not talking here
technological transhumanism in
which it would be a matter of connecting our
brains to intelligences
artificial to increase the
power of our intelligence
it will surely come but less than
I mean it’s an evolution of the
role of intelligence more than its
power then to explain a little bit
we have already explained a little what we
means by intelligence that is often
after closer to rationality
as if rationality is a good one
criterion of intelligence and that’s same
like that we measure the cui the
rationality was meant as a
way to solve a problem so
just this conception of intelligence
as rationality it comes to us all
right of enlightenment humanism which has
posited the faculty of reason so the
ability to be rational in humans
as the proper of the man as his
faculty reindeer as what even the
closer to the divine and so we
could say using terms
philosophical that the humanism of
lights operated a reduction of
the man to a rational man
a new ratio then there is still
another idea in intelligence and
that she is able to learn and in
this paradigm of rationality
learning serves to optimize this
rationality by accumulating the
knowledge around the problem that
wants to solve by taking a problem of
cost which must be very well defined very
restricted very constrained this is a
logic and logic of specialization
we will learn by converging
our knowledge towards a domain
a problem me it makes me think a little
to that so charlie chaplin who after
of the thousandth bull bull have indeed the
serves faster and more just
just like when we were at school and
that we learned to do 6 7 8 times a
exercise the ninth time we did it
faster and more just then
this is true of the sector we will say
secondary schools and workers who
knows a little bit what this image of
the insane worker at his machine who makes
the same gesture all day but he
there are people who also do the same thing
intellectual all day
for example I saw lawyers who
spent whole days peeling
cases of jurisprudence looking
of keywords and I found that all
as inhumane as alienating as
the worker who repeat the same gesture
behind his machine all day
so I’m tying a little to the life of a
street beauty sienne I know who me
said one day if you do a job of
machines it’s normal that they are
replaced by a machine is indeed
today
artificial intelligence which one
speak so much replaces a number
even highly intellectual tasks
of the human being and even in terms of
rationality it is much better than
we are a stack and the excellent one
should we even could be more just
the artificial rationality wound on
could somehow say that
the rational machine the maquina ratio
goes the rational man the homo ration is
in evolutionary theory we know
when one species is beaten by another
on his own domain
she has two choices either disappear either
evolved and I ‘m doing shorter rather
trust the human race to evolve
in terms of intelligence
on the one hand because it’s very
recent it’s about four
centuries the humanism of lights and the
rationalization of the work that has
follow-up which is one of the manifestations
it is fairly recent we will say of
three centuries
and then because in nature
intelligence living intelligence
she does not do that at all
the living intelligence she is diving
in an environment that is nuanced
who is varied who is diverse who is
extremely complex and so she did
not at all the leisure to concentrate
on a single problem to optimize it
since we saw it optimize the resolution
of a problem by accusing
knowledge
his request that this problem be very
well defined and very restricted in addition
this environment exchanges
a lot so she has problems
multiple that constantly change and
she must learn this intelligence to
solve different problems so
sufficient but not optimal then in
this logic learning does not serve
more to optimize but actually serves to
adapt
we are no longer in a logic of
specialization but in a logic of
diversification
we are no longer in a logic
accumulation of knowledge but
in a flow logic of
knowledge is constantly updated
to be up to date vis-à-vis
the environment and in my opinion it’s even
why we have to ability to forget and
knowledge that becomes
outdated
when we agree to make them evolve
over time according to our
environment
so there is a metaphor that I like
well it’s the metaphor of the systems
openly so an open system in
physics in biology in chemistry it’s a
system that constantly changes influence
with his environment to keep himself
so typically a human body that’s
an open system that exchange a flow
of energy with its environment in
eating and pulling energy through
the food and spitting them under
the form of heat dissipation and
of effort and he needs this flow for
to maintain itself is a little bit like
the body dancing a tango with
the environment that makes that when
the environment changes its dance steps
is changing our body has to change its
no dance and change himself too and
that’s why we have the capacity
to evolve all species evolve at
over time according to their
environment
Well, it’s a bit like that for
intelligence we could compare it
an open system that exchange
constantly a flow of information with
the environment and which must for
maintain that tango that she dances with
the environment are changing and
evolve and when the environment evolved
and then it requires that
intelligence or interaction
constant with the environment they
finally we are open either
curious and curiosity is a good
better criterion of intelligence than
rationality
we know it today in animals
as in men so this idea
of
coupling with the environment on
could say that imposes that when
the environment proposes a new
configuration our intelligence evolved
also proposes a new
configuration
a new interpretation for this
environment and new solutions
to the new problems that this
environment so that’s all
a lot of news luckily we have
a faculty in humans that allows for
handle novelty and that’s the
creativity and so there you see a little
where I want to come
I want to come to a humanism a
conception of the man who is no longer
based on rationality but that is
based on creativity rationality
still very relevant but it becomes
a tool at the service of creativity a
tool that we are able to outsource
today in machines in
artificial intelligences and
today in addition to the environment
which changes very quickly due to the technologies
and to the social environment etc
we all the more need to be creative
and nurture that ability to be in
constant interaction with
the environment to be curious about
the environment to keep dancing
the tango with our environment that
accelerates his dance steps
so as we called it just now
rational man homo ratio why do not
not call the creative man homo creatio
and since the word ratio is the emanation
of humanism of lights
I propose that the word creatio be
the emanation of a humanism that I call
open with reference to its systems
open and to this need of curiosity for
constantly adapt constantly be
creative
in short I propose that we disapprove a little
the cultural legacy we have left
the lights and who seems to us so
obvious today that we leave
early rationalizing intelligence
artificial intelligence that handles it if
well and we turn our efforts
from evolution to creativity towards
our ability to constantly adapt
so all that is we will say the part
a bit theoretical a bit philosophical
but it has concrete consequences
because if I present this is that I
can I am convinced that this
transformation of humanism it takes place
today in society and that
send emanations everywhere
so I propose a little exercise
of thought
this thought of the transition from work
by the prism of this open humanism
so I’m interested as a problem
because the transition from work is
a very current problem that arises from the
especially makes intelligences
artificial products that replace
tasks that were done before by
humans and so maybe it takes
invent new professions for
it’s human and invent ways of
train these people first of all before
think of new trades it takes
think a new economy in
which these trades will live then from
same as when one is automated the
secondary sector it allowed the
tertiary sector development
I think that automation of the
tertiary sector invites to create a
quaternary sector in which we
would exchange everything related to the
creativity and change adaptation
to flows etc
there are three pillars that I identified
for seven in any case at least three
pillars that I identified for this
sector
the first is the knowledge so the
knowledge no longer heard as
that accumulation but heard as
that flow is in my opinion the greatest
21st century business will be a
company in training and in
education because on the one hand the
knowledge the training is very worth
expensive it sells very expensive and other
part when we are in a logic of
flux
it’s a great business model the need
it’s constant so it’s renewed to
my opinion there is a potential
exceptional economic then it’s
creativity then creativity I
I will not go back to why I have
enough spoken but in any case it’s a
little bit the engine and the knowledge
we could see it as oil in
effect we need knowledge for
to be creative
does creativity not come
from nowhere is neither more nor less than
a reformulation and a mesh of
full of knowledge that we bring
in the world in a new way and the
third pillar
a little bit more amazing is I
think the collaboration and if the first
was the oil the memory the engine
the third is the nitro booster
because in fact we are there we are
a lot more creative when we’re at
many are demonstrated in psychology
today and we know it in economics
the knowledge
one of the main principles is that
exchanges are positive sum if I
has knowledge and that I you
the give you have it too and so a
knowledge plus equal knowledge
two exchange knowledge is at
positive sum we generated more than
knowledge by exchanging them so we
has every interest in collaborating to be
more creative and to generate more
know now say we have
this new philosophy and that we have
this new economy
we will be able to enter the concrete and
try to invent new trades
so I will resume my three
pillars for knowledge there it’s
a whole new field that opens up to my
notice so that’s a whole new field
which is based on a reformulation
full of
what is now called the
training no longer heard around the
specialization but heard around
this notion of flow of knowledge and
therefore diversification of the
knowledge no longer understood in terms
search for skills but in
search terms of versatility on
no longer in a logic of knowing
do but in a logic of knowing
to be finally we learn more from
things one learns to learn and one’s
therefore asks to work with
tools completely new in terms
pedagogical his request to make the
pedagogy otherwise it requires to be
pedagogue otherwise his request to have
educational content and interfaces
different pedagogical and for example
the youtuber in my opinion sign up
totally in this movement
in terms of creativity a
job that is just starting to
to appear is the job of inspirer
as I said earlier for
to be creative
you have to set in motion put in
action of knowledge that we acquired
and so to put them in motion he
have to be related to desire he
we have to want to mobilize them
his knowledge and knowledge
related to emotion related to desire
it’s inspiration and finally
it’s not for nothing in my opinion that ted has
so much success today is that it
there is a real need for inspiration for
to be creative and finally at the level of the
collaboration a job I know
well and we’ve already had a little
spoken today is the job of
facilitator so a facilitator it’s
someone who will allow people to
very different background from working
together even if they do not have the same
technical language
even if they do not have the same culture by
example a game it’s not an accountant a
someone from the marketing an engineer
coders is an anthropologist who
filtered around a table for
work on a project a little complex
who asks all this knowledge
to join
it would not be easy for them to
communicate and to agree and
well the facilitator it’s going to be his role
it’s going to be the catalyst for the
transdisciplinarity it will allow
all these people there to be productive and
creative together so it’s a job
pivot for it’s in these new
professions that appear today and
in this new economy and so
in this new humanism
it’s a job today in
the company we see it appear
really sprouted from everywhere and we even
companies and theorists who
considers that the job of manager will be
turn into the job of facilitator
and finally to buckle up a bit on the
philosophy and while staying pretty
concrete I think we are a new
engine of history
the engine of the history of humanism
lights it was progress so a
quite linear motor there is this idea
of accumulation one accumulates knowledge and
this idea of optimization has been accumulated
to improve the course of history
turn off slowly towards a
civilization that we hope perfect in
an indefinite future today in 2007
all presidential candidates
have used the word progress in their
speech in 2012 no more
on the other hand they all use a
other word that is the word innovation and
innovation is this new engine of
the much more chaotic story that
abandon this idea of accumulation
schumpeter explained very well that the
innovation it was a destruction
creative
we are not in the logic of
I use the previous step to
go on the next one
born of a game logic destroyed the march
previous and kind built at the same
level and so it’s a little contained
in what I just said there is more
this optimization logic
we do not try to go to a better one
nothing in the word innovation that tells us
we’re going to a wall just as he
could be in the word progress there
we’re just bringing in another
thing we even have a transformation that
have to spread in society is in
effect they have to diffuse because
innovation is a phenomenon that is
social and economic and so for that
something spread in a
environment it has to be adapted
to this environment and we find this
idea of adaptation in innovation
we innovate because what they had
before is no longer adapted to the conditions
social technological etc etc we have
need to bring something new
more suited not something
better
something more suitable so I
think it’s not for nothing that we have
this fashion this injunction to
innovation for a few years
comes from this new wave his
new
to nice mme who is in the background
in the society
so I repeat the intelligence
artificial is an opportunity
evolutionary for the human species
the opportunity to evolve from a humanism
of rationality the humanism of
lights see a humanism based on the
chalk with creativity that I call
open humanism and by the way for the
better and for the worse I do not do
value judgement
it allows us to understand why we
has moved from a progressive society to a
innovation society
thank you
[Applause]
indeed philosophy is a
beautiful discipline I’m interested
for several years and it’s even
she led me to take an interest in
artificial intelligence indeed
intelligence is a highly notion
philosophical and there the intelligence
artificial inches full of big
questions of western philosophy
so as we said before I’m a
little geek at times so I
looked at what it was like at the level of
technology
and then I’m an entrepreneur in the
real life let’s say so I looked
what impact did it have on society at
people in the uses and mixing a
little these three looks jean followed to a
conclusion is that intelligence
artificial is an opportunity
evolutionary for the human species
we talk a lot about the risks but it’s
an opportunity so I’m not talking here
technological transhumanism in
which it would be a matter of connecting our
brains to intelligences
artificial to increase the
power of our intelligence
it will surely come but less than
I mean it’s an evolution of the
role of intelligence more than its
power then to explain a little bit
we have already explained a little what we
means by intelligence that is often
after closer to rationality
as if rationality is a good one
criterion of intelligence and that’s same
like that we measure the cui the
rationality was meant as a
way to solve a problem so
just this conception of intelligence
as rationality it comes to us all
right of enlightenment humanism which has
posited the faculty of reason so the
ability to be rational in humans
as the proper of the man as his
faculty reindeer as what even the
closer to the divine and so we
could say using terms
philosophical that the humanism of
lights operated a reduction of
the man to a rational man
a new ratio then there is still
another idea in intelligence and
that she is able to learn and in
this paradigm of rationality
learning serves to optimize this
rationality by accumulating the
knowledge around the problem that
wants to solve by taking a problem of
cost which must be very well defined very
restricted very constrained this is a
logic and logic of specialization
we will learn by converging
our knowledge towards a domain
a problem me it makes me think a little
to that so charlie chaplin who after
of the thousandth bull bull have indeed the
serves faster and more just
just like when we were at school and
that we learned to do 6 7 8 times a
exercise the ninth time we did it
faster and more just then
this is true of the sector we will say
secondary schools and workers who
knows a little bit what this image of
the insane worker at his machine who makes
the same gesture all day but he
there are people who also do the same thing
intellectual all day
for example I saw lawyers who
spent whole days peeling
cases of jurisprudence looking
of keywords and I found that all
as inhumane as alienating as
the worker who repeat the same gesture
behind his machine all day
so I’m tying a little to the life of a
street beauty sienne I know who me
said one day if you do a job of
machines it’s normal that they are
replaced by a machine is indeed
today
artificial intelligence which one
speak so much replaces a number
even highly intellectual tasks
of the human being and even in terms of
rationality it is much better than
we are a stack and the excellent one
should we even could be more just
the artificial rationality wound on
could somehow say that
the rational machine the maquina ratio
goes the rational man the homo ration is
in evolutionary theory we know
when one species is beaten by another
on his own domain
she has two choices either disappear either
evolved and I ‘m doing shorter rather
trust the human race to evolve
in terms of intelligence
on the one hand because it’s very
recent it’s about four
centuries the humanism of lights and the
rationalization of the work that has
follow-up which is one of the manifestations
it is fairly recent we will say of
three centuries
and then because in nature
intelligence living intelligence
she does not do that at all
the living intelligence she is diving
in an environment that is nuanced
who is varied who is diverse who is
extremely complex and so she did
not at all the leisure to concentrate
on a single problem to optimize it
since we saw it optimize the resolution
of a problem by accusing
knowledge
his request that this problem be very
well defined and very restricted in addition
this environment exchanges
a lot so she has problems
multiple that constantly change and
she must learn this intelligence to
solve different problems so
sufficient but not optimal then in
this logic learning does not serve
more to optimize but actually serves to
adapt
we are no longer in a logic of
specialization but in a logic of
diversification
we are no longer in a logic
accumulation of knowledge but
in a flow logic of
knowledge is constantly updated
to be up to date vis-à-vis
the environment and in my opinion it’s even
why we have to ability to forget and
knowledge that becomes
outdated
when we agree to make them evolve
over time according to our
environment
so there is a metaphor that I like
well it’s the metaphor of the systems
openly so an open system in
physics in biology in chemistry it’s a
system that constantly changes influence
with his environment to keep himself
so typically a human body that’s
an open system that exchange a flow
of energy with its environment in
eating and pulling energy through
the food and spitting them under
the form of heat dissipation and
of effort and he needs this flow for
to maintain itself is a little bit like
the body dancing a tango with
the environment that makes that when
the environment changes its dance steps
is changing our body has to change its
no dance and change himself too and
that’s why we have the capacity
to evolve all species evolve at
over time according to their
environment
Well, it’s a bit like that for
intelligence we could compare it
an open system that exchange
constantly a flow of information with
the environment and which must for
maintain that tango that she dances with
the environment are changing and
evolve and when the environment evolved
and then it requires that
intelligence or interaction
constant with the environment they
finally we are open either
curious and curiosity is a good
better criterion of intelligence than
rationality
we know it today in animals
as in men so this idea
of
coupling with the environment on
could say that imposes that when
the environment proposes a new
configuration our intelligence evolved
also proposes a new
configuration
a new interpretation for this
environment and new solutions
to the new problems that this
environment so that’s all
a lot of news luckily we have
a faculty in humans that allows for
handle novelty and that’s the
creativity and so there you see a little
where I want to come
I want to come to a humanism a
conception of the man who is no longer
based on rationality but that is
based on creativity rationality
still very relevant but it becomes
a tool at the service of creativity a
tool that we are able to outsource
today in machines in
artificial intelligences and
today in addition to the environment
which changes very quickly due to the technologies
and to the social environment etc
we all the more need to be creative
and nurture that ability to be in
constant interaction with
the environment to be curious about
the environment to keep dancing
the tango with our environment that
accelerates his dance steps
so as we called it just now
rational man homo ratio why do not
not call the creative man homo creatio
and since the word ratio is the emanation
of humanism of lights
I propose that the word creatio be
the emanation of a humanism that I call
open with reference to its systems
open and to this need of curiosity for
constantly adapt constantly be
creative
in short I propose that we disapprove a little
the cultural legacy we have left
the lights and who seems to us so
obvious today that we leave
early rationalizing intelligence
artificial intelligence that handles it if
well and we turn our efforts
from evolution to creativity towards
our ability to constantly adapt
so all that is we will say the part
a bit theoretical a bit philosophical
but it has concrete consequences
because if I present this is that I
can I am convinced that this
transformation of humanism it takes place
today in society and that
send emanations everywhere
so I propose a little exercise
of thought
this thought of the transition from work
by the prism of this open humanism
so I’m interested as a problem
because the transition from work is
a very current problem that arises from the
especially makes intelligences
artificial products that replace
tasks that were done before by
humans and so maybe it takes
invent new professions for
it’s human and invent ways of
train these people first of all before
think of new trades it takes
think a new economy in
which these trades will live then from
same as when one is automated the
secondary sector it allowed the
tertiary sector development
I think that automation of the
tertiary sector invites to create a
quaternary sector in which we
would exchange everything related to the
creativity and change adaptation
to flows etc
there are three pillars that I identified
for seven in any case at least three
pillars that I identified for this
sector
the first is the knowledge so the
knowledge no longer heard as
that accumulation but heard as
that flow is in my opinion the greatest
21st century business will be a
company in training and in
education because on the one hand the
knowledge the training is very worth
expensive it sells very expensive and other
part when we are in a logic of
flux
it’s a great business model the need
it’s constant so it’s renewed to
my opinion there is a potential
exceptional economic then it’s
creativity then creativity I
I will not go back to why I have
enough spoken but in any case it’s a
little bit the engine and the knowledge
we could see it as oil in
effect we need knowledge for
to be creative
does creativity not come
from nowhere is neither more nor less than
a reformulation and a mesh of
full of knowledge that we bring
in the world in a new way and the
third pillar
a little bit more amazing is I
think the collaboration and if the first
was the oil the memory the engine
the third is the nitro booster
because in fact we are there we are
a lot more creative when we’re at
many are demonstrated in psychology
today and we know it in economics
the knowledge
one of the main principles is that
exchanges are positive sum if I
has knowledge and that I you
the give you have it too and so a
knowledge plus equal knowledge
two exchange knowledge is at
positive sum we generated more than
knowledge by exchanging them so we
has every interest in collaborating to be
more creative and to generate more
know now say we have
this new philosophy and that we have
this new economy
we will be able to enter the concrete and
try to invent new trades
so I will resume my three
pillars for knowledge there it’s
a whole new field that opens up to my
notice so that’s a whole new field
which is based on a reformulation
full of
what is now called the
training no longer heard around the
specialization but heard around
this notion of flow of knowledge and
therefore diversification of the
knowledge no longer understood in terms
search for skills but in
search terms of versatility on
no longer in a logic of knowing
do but in a logic of knowing
to be finally we learn more from
things one learns to learn and one’s
therefore asks to work with
tools completely new in terms
pedagogical his request to make the
pedagogy otherwise it requires to be
pedagogue otherwise his request to have
educational content and interfaces
different pedagogical and for example
the youtuber in my opinion sign up
totally in this movement
in terms of creativity a
job that is just starting to
to appear is the job of inspirer
as I said earlier for
to be creative
you have to set in motion put in
action of knowledge that we acquired
and so to put them in motion he
have to be related to desire he
we have to want to mobilize them
his knowledge and knowledge
related to emotion related to desire
it’s inspiration and finally
it’s not for nothing in my opinion that ted has
so much success today is that it
there is a real need for inspiration for
to be creative and finally at the level of the
collaboration a job I know
well and we’ve already had a little
spoken today is the job of
facilitator so a facilitator it’s
someone who will allow people to
very different background from working
together even if they do not have the same
technical language
even if they do not have the same culture by
example a game it’s not an accountant a
someone from the marketing an engineer
coders is an anthropologist who
filtered around a table for
work on a project a little complex
who asks all this knowledge
to join
it would not be easy for them to
communicate and to agree and
well the facilitator it’s going to be his role
it’s going to be the catalyst for the
transdisciplinarity it will allow
all these people there to be productive and
creative together so it’s a job
pivot for it’s in these new
professions that appear today and
in this new economy and so
in this new humanism
it’s a job today in
the company we see it appear
really sprouted from everywhere and we even
companies and theorists who
considers that the job of manager will be
turn into the job of facilitator
and finally to buckle up a bit on the
philosophy and while staying pretty
concrete I think we are a new
engine of history
the engine of the history of humanism
lights it was progress so a
quite linear motor there is this idea
of accumulation one accumulates knowledge and
this idea of optimization has been accumulated
to improve the course of history
turn off slowly towards a
civilization that we hope perfect in
an indefinite future today in 2007
all presidential candidates
have used the word progress in their
speech in 2012 no more
on the other hand they all use a
other word that is the word innovation and
innovation is this new engine of
the much more chaotic story that
abandon this idea of accumulation
schumpeter explained very well that the
innovation it was a destruction
creative
we are not in the logic of
I use the previous step to
go on the next one
born of a game logic destroyed the march
previous and kind built at the same
level and so it’s a little contained
in what I just said there is more
this optimization logic
we do not try to go to a better one
nothing in the word innovation that tells us
we’re going to a wall just as he
could be in the word progress there
we’re just bringing in another
thing we even have a transformation that
have to spread in society is in
effect they have to diffuse because
innovation is a phenomenon that is
social and economic and so for that
something spread in a
environment it has to be adapted
to this environment and we find this
idea of adaptation in innovation
we innovate because what they had
before is no longer adapted to the conditions
social technological etc etc we have
need to bring something new
more suited not something
better
something more suitable so I
think it’s not for nothing that we have
this fashion this injunction to
innovation for a few years
comes from this new wave his
new
to nice mme who is in the background
in the society
so I repeat the intelligence
artificial is an opportunity
evolutionary for the human species
the opportunity to evolve from a humanism
of rationality the humanism of
lights see a humanism based on the
chalk with creativity that I call
open humanism and by the way for the
better and for the worse I do not do
value judgement
it allows us to understand why we
has moved from a progressive society to a
innovation society
thank you
[Applause]
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