[Music]
[Music]
well today I want to start with a fact and
with a question the fact is that the
global energy demand is
growing exponentially
the question I want to ask you today is
what characteristics would you believe that
has to have an ideal source of energy
to meet this demand
this is the national bull manure
experiment
in this former located in the laboratory
of plasma physics at the university
from princeton where I come from
this part of here that is shining
is soon to 10,000 degrees
centigrade and it ‘s the coldest part
this part here in where is
invisible is approximately 15
millions of degrees as the temperature
the center of the sun this is a reactor
nuclear fusion and my intention today is
convince them that the fusion energy
nuclear will be an essential part of
solution to this energy challenge that we
comes
this is the this graph shows the
demand the energy consumption of several
countries through the past years
we see here the same as always
us the european union consuming very a
very high levels but at least
relatively constant here down here
here, right on the floor we are
colombia at least we are not a great
part of this problem I do not want us
let’s focus on these two curves
it is red that is growing
exponentially is the consumption of the
Chinese and this growth is highly
correlated with the development
economic of this country that is this is
positive this is this is welfare of
many people but in terms of
energy is complicated
this is the india the green and this is the
what worries me the most because all the
models suggest that this curve also
is going to have this same kind of
growth as the economy of
India is developing then
at this time what sources are
suffering this demand
by the great majority are hydrocarbons 67
percent and this is coal
this is natural gas oil this is
relatively easy to acquire and very
easy to burn but like all of you
you know is a lot of pollution and
generates gases that contribute to the
global warming or we want a
future where we minimize this to your
maximum or minimum expression
27 percent are hydroelectric
and nuclear fission what colloquially
we call nuclear energy the vast majority
of the energy of colombia are of
hydroelectric plants and already being built
it is a practically inexhaustible energy
but I put it in inverted commas
because with the global change of
temperatures one never knows what is going to
go through these rivers
being but but creating these are
these energy sources requires
rethink rivers and this has consequences
environmental and sociopolitical
needs to be next to a river
then it depends highly on the
Nuclear localization is very efficient
but the fuel is difficult to
acquire uranium plutonium
you have to know how to deal with the waste of
long-term radioactive and it’s always
the possibility of an accident
catastrophic then this one is also
you have a problematic level
6 percent is what one like
society wants to be developing the
renewable but still these have their
problems
many hectares of
solar panels or wind turbines
to meet the demand an acropolis in
other words is this energy source
it’s low energy density you’re
looking at this we can go back to the
question with which I thought that I
I propose the following characteristics
of an ideal source of energy has to be
abundant inexhaustible the sky has to be
clean that does not generate pollution that does not
contribute to global warming
It must be sure that you do not have a
possibility of a catastrophic accident
it must be efficient that a lot of
energy to be geographically
independent of the sun shine
let the wind blow that we are
returning a river that can be obtained
anywhere that finally it’s from
high density that with a plant we can
give the energy to a city because I come
here to tell you that this exists and
surprise is melting the fusion energy
has all these characteristics by
that’s what scientists have been
trying to develop this technology
during decades
good but that is fusion
because fusion is the reason why
we all exist and our exaggerates
not only is the energy source of
center of all stars including
ours but that is responsible for the
creation of all the most elements
heavy that hydrogen like carbon
like oxygen like nitrogen all
what lets us live
all that was created by fusion in center
of stars including supernovas
but that was about x
so that is really like
occurs function function occurs when
two small atoms are the nuclei of
the small atoms come together creating a
bigger atom and if one could catch
a balance and weigh the before and the
later we would realize that it has
lost a little bit more
kiko more but this mass has been
turned into energy through the
famous formula is equal to in that
square is the energy that we are
trying to get a parenthesis now
fission which we colloquially call
nuclear is the proceeding is the other side of
the currency when large cores are
divide also generating energy from
this same way
well then this is fusion in the
center of the sun there is a lot of hydrogen
which is constantly merging yes
but this will last millions of years this
process in the sun lasts millions of years
but because the sun has no desire and has
gravity that keeps all the hydrogen
and all the products in place
we have apart from us
we need to use another reaction
different than that of the sun as
we use another type of hydrogen two
hydrogen types the deuterium and the pib
now deuterium is deuterium is
easy to acquire on earth is
quite abundant of many of the
hached ocean bears are indeed hd
and then we do the same process
we take out deuterium and we have to
millions of years of fusion reactors
and the tritium is another story does not exist
naturally
but we can take it out of lithium we can
create tritium through the lithium and
lithium if it’s quite abundant is the
main raw material of the battery of
the cell phones that have the hands
because it just sounded
the computer battery and this is very
abundant at this time is taken out of the
mines but we can take it out of the
oceans and if we are enough
efficient we can pretend we can already
get enough tritium to also
millions of years of fusion or fusion
the fusion raw material is
practically inexhaustible for us
the humans
It is also very efficient
to compare I’ll look at the demand for
a medium city like Cartagena the
demand in a medium city can be
supplement with a plant of approximately
one gigawatt of energy
this is the power standard then
how much fuel do we need for a
year of a plant a live watt if it
we make charcoal if we do it from
fusion then if we do coal
we need a hand of full wagons
train full of coal if then
I need you to help me count how many
wagons must more than one
25 to 100
400 more than 400 thousand 600 not 6400 one more
30,000 coal cars but here there
like 25 thousand 600 but I got tired of doing
square 30 thousand coal cars are
requires for Cartagena for one year
if I want to make this fusion plant
I need to fill a truck full of
deuterium and tritium could tell you but
only one
a truck these reactions are
millions of times more efficient than
good hydrocarbons and let’s look at the
Auterio + tritium reaction generates in
he generates energy in the form of a neutron
very very fast and what is the helium waste
helium the one of these two and it’s more is so
efficient this reaction that for the
helium for this what helium for him
for the scrap to create the energy
for a family like there are four
people for 12 months is scarcely
enough to fill this balloon
and also as we know if it works
do not
in the I is inert
[Applause]
in the I do not contribute with the
global warming
the fusion energy is clean because
more than a little energy fusion the link
good but there is a problem of knoll and
tritium it takes very high energies it
agree that we are not using what
the sun itself is more powerful but
requires that the temperature be much
hotter than the center of the sun
for about 10 times more
hot 150 million degrees felt
then this moment is also can
be saying arturo but this ridiculous
that’s never going to work we’re never going to
to be able to reach these conditions in a
laboratory then
we constantly say these
laboratory conditions through
everyone not only in mine
but also in this issue and in our
Sounds in Japan in the Czech Republic
even in costa rica until recently
started this reactor in costa rica
Throughout the world we come to the
fusion conditions but we have never
reached a point where it generates more
fusion energy that the energy that is
requires to run one of these
machines
until now
this is and that means the way in
Latin and it is an experiment that is
building right now in the south
of france and the collaboration side of
all these countries representing more than
half of the world population with
reference to look a French
this experiment is one of the most
complexes in the history of humanity
and one of the most expensive at this time
it is estimated that it is costing as 25 thousand
million dollars but the first time
that we are going to show experimentally
that you can generate more energy from
fusion that the energy that is required
to walk the plant to run the
plant but this is not and that will be for
there in about 10 years but it’s not
enough because we have not generated
electricity
the next step is to absorb all
this fusion energy that comes out more or
less in heat and heat to water or
heat some gas and spin around
turbines to generate electricity these
power generators plants
electricity is estimated to be
giving electricity to the electricity grid
approximately as in 30 years
30 years will be 100 years after the
start of this adventure
the fusion research started
after the second world war
when scientists sought to use the
core energy
not to destroy but to as
use the sun to give life
and just like the manufacturing revolution
of tools or the agricultural revolution
or the industrial revolution were
moments in history where the
technology allowed us as
humanity we grew exponentially
the fusion energy will bring a new
was where the exponential growth did not
will be of population but of quality
of life for billions of inhabitants without
destroy our planet thank you very much
[Applause]
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
well today I want to start with a fact and
with a question the fact is that the
global energy demand is
growing exponentially
the question I want to ask you today is
what characteristics would you believe that
has to have an ideal source of energy
to meet this demand
this is the national bull manure
experiment
in this former located in the laboratory
of plasma physics at the university
from princeton where I come from
this part of here that is shining
is soon to 10,000 degrees
centigrade and it ‘s the coldest part
this part here in where is
invisible is approximately 15
millions of degrees as the temperature
the center of the sun this is a reactor
nuclear fusion and my intention today is
convince them that the fusion energy
nuclear will be an essential part of
solution to this energy challenge that we
comes
this is the this graph shows the
demand the energy consumption of several
countries through the past years
we see here the same as always
us the european union consuming very a
very high levels but at least
relatively constant here down here
here, right on the floor we are
colombia at least we are not a great
part of this problem I do not want us
let’s focus on these two curves
it is red that is growing
exponentially is the consumption of the
Chinese and this growth is highly
correlated with the development
economic of this country that is this is
positive this is this is welfare of
many people but in terms of
energy is complicated
this is the india the green and this is the
what worries me the most because all the
models suggest that this curve also
is going to have this same kind of
growth as the economy of
India is developing then
at this time what sources are
suffering this demand
by the great majority are hydrocarbons 67
percent and this is coal
this is natural gas oil this is
relatively easy to acquire and very
easy to burn but like all of you
you know is a lot of pollution and
generates gases that contribute to the
global warming or we want a
future where we minimize this to your
maximum or minimum expression
27 percent are hydroelectric
and nuclear fission what colloquially
we call nuclear energy the vast majority
of the energy of colombia are of
hydroelectric plants and already being built
it is a practically inexhaustible energy
but I put it in inverted commas
because with the global change of
temperatures one never knows what is going to
go through these rivers
being but but creating these are
these energy sources requires
rethink rivers and this has consequences
environmental and sociopolitical
needs to be next to a river
then it depends highly on the
Nuclear localization is very efficient
but the fuel is difficult to
acquire uranium plutonium
you have to know how to deal with the waste of
long-term radioactive and it’s always
the possibility of an accident
catastrophic then this one is also
you have a problematic level
6 percent is what one like
society wants to be developing the
renewable but still these have their
problems
many hectares of
solar panels or wind turbines
to meet the demand an acropolis in
other words is this energy source
it’s low energy density you’re
looking at this we can go back to the
question with which I thought that I
I propose the following characteristics
of an ideal source of energy has to be
abundant inexhaustible the sky has to be
clean that does not generate pollution that does not
contribute to global warming
It must be sure that you do not have a
possibility of a catastrophic accident
it must be efficient that a lot of
energy to be geographically
independent of the sun shine
let the wind blow that we are
returning a river that can be obtained
anywhere that finally it’s from
high density that with a plant we can
give the energy to a city because I come
here to tell you that this exists and
surprise is melting the fusion energy
has all these characteristics by
that’s what scientists have been
trying to develop this technology
during decades
good but that is fusion
because fusion is the reason why
we all exist and our exaggerates
not only is the energy source of
center of all stars including
ours but that is responsible for the
creation of all the most elements
heavy that hydrogen like carbon
like oxygen like nitrogen all
what lets us live
all that was created by fusion in center
of stars including supernovas
but that was about x
so that is really like
occurs function function occurs when
two small atoms are the nuclei of
the small atoms come together creating a
bigger atom and if one could catch
a balance and weigh the before and the
later we would realize that it has
lost a little bit more
kiko more but this mass has been
turned into energy through the
famous formula is equal to in that
square is the energy that we are
trying to get a parenthesis now
fission which we colloquially call
nuclear is the proceeding is the other side of
the currency when large cores are
divide also generating energy from
this same way
well then this is fusion in the
center of the sun there is a lot of hydrogen
which is constantly merging yes
but this will last millions of years this
process in the sun lasts millions of years
but because the sun has no desire and has
gravity that keeps all the hydrogen
and all the products in place
we have apart from us
we need to use another reaction
different than that of the sun as
we use another type of hydrogen two
hydrogen types the deuterium and the pib
now deuterium is deuterium is
easy to acquire on earth is
quite abundant of many of the
hached ocean bears are indeed hd
and then we do the same process
we take out deuterium and we have to
millions of years of fusion reactors
and the tritium is another story does not exist
naturally
but we can take it out of lithium we can
create tritium through the lithium and
lithium if it’s quite abundant is the
main raw material of the battery of
the cell phones that have the hands
because it just sounded
the computer battery and this is very
abundant at this time is taken out of the
mines but we can take it out of the
oceans and if we are enough
efficient we can pretend we can already
get enough tritium to also
millions of years of fusion or fusion
the fusion raw material is
practically inexhaustible for us
the humans
It is also very efficient
to compare I’ll look at the demand for
a medium city like Cartagena the
demand in a medium city can be
supplement with a plant of approximately
one gigawatt of energy
this is the power standard then
how much fuel do we need for a
year of a plant a live watt if it
we make charcoal if we do it from
fusion then if we do coal
we need a hand of full wagons
train full of coal if then
I need you to help me count how many
wagons must more than one
25 to 100
400 more than 400 thousand 600 not 6400 one more
30,000 coal cars but here there
like 25 thousand 600 but I got tired of doing
square 30 thousand coal cars are
requires for Cartagena for one year
if I want to make this fusion plant
I need to fill a truck full of
deuterium and tritium could tell you but
only one
a truck these reactions are
millions of times more efficient than
good hydrocarbons and let’s look at the
Auterio + tritium reaction generates in
he generates energy in the form of a neutron
very very fast and what is the helium waste
helium the one of these two and it’s more is so
efficient this reaction that for the
helium for this what helium for him
for the scrap to create the energy
for a family like there are four
people for 12 months is scarcely
enough to fill this balloon
and also as we know if it works
do not
in the I is inert
[Applause]
in the I do not contribute with the
global warming
the fusion energy is clean because
more than a little energy fusion the link
good but there is a problem of knoll and
tritium it takes very high energies it
agree that we are not using what
the sun itself is more powerful but
requires that the temperature be much
hotter than the center of the sun
for about 10 times more
hot 150 million degrees felt
then this moment is also can
be saying arturo but this ridiculous
that’s never going to work we’re never going to
to be able to reach these conditions in a
laboratory then
we constantly say these
laboratory conditions through
everyone not only in mine
but also in this issue and in our
Sounds in Japan in the Czech Republic
even in costa rica until recently
started this reactor in costa rica
Throughout the world we come to the
fusion conditions but we have never
reached a point where it generates more
fusion energy that the energy that is
requires to run one of these
machines
until now
this is and that means the way in
Latin and it is an experiment that is
building right now in the south
of france and the collaboration side of
all these countries representing more than
half of the world population with
reference to look a French
this experiment is one of the most
complexes in the history of humanity
and one of the most expensive at this time
it is estimated that it is costing as 25 thousand
million dollars but the first time
that we are going to show experimentally
that you can generate more energy from
fusion that the energy that is required
to walk the plant to run the
plant but this is not and that will be for
there in about 10 years but it’s not
enough because we have not generated
electricity
the next step is to absorb all
this fusion energy that comes out more or
less in heat and heat to water or
heat some gas and spin around
turbines to generate electricity these
power generators plants
electricity is estimated to be
giving electricity to the electricity grid
approximately as in 30 years
30 years will be 100 years after the
start of this adventure
the fusion research started
after the second world war
when scientists sought to use the
core energy
not to destroy but to as
use the sun to give life
and just like the manufacturing revolution
of tools or the agricultural revolution
or the industrial revolution were
moments in history where the
technology allowed us as
humanity we grew exponentially
the fusion energy will bring a new
was where the exponential growth did not
will be of population but of quality
of life for billions of inhabitants without
destroy our planet thank you very much
[Applause]
[Music]
[Music]
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