[Music]
[Applause]
imagine this you wake up in the morning
and you take a breath of fresh air and
you smell bacon eggs toast coffee your
favorite breakfast already made for you
and you didn’t even have to go bed so
then you get up and you go into your
kitchen and you indulge yourself but as
you’re eating a screen pops up with your
day already planned out for you and you
didn’t lift a finger so then as per your
schedule you get up and you head into
your car and as you open up the car door
you realize something that there’s
actually not even any seats in fact
there’s not even a steering wheel just a
couch for you to lay down on so you do
as you lay down the car takes off
already knowing where your work is
without you having to say a thing so as
it’s speeding along the road you’re
talking to someone although you’re not
just talking to anyone you’re talking to
a friend the same friend that had made
your breakfast this morning plan your
schedule and is driving the car right
now and as you’re talking them you’re
talking down through a computer although
through isn’t really the right word
because your friend is the actual
computer have own side picture this it’s
dark you can’t see anything and you’re
hiding from something whatever it is
it’s outside and it’s attacking people
and you’re not sure why why why think
think you remember now scientists you
saw on the news the other day they
created something although they didn’t
just create anything they created a mind
am I
inside a computer scientists were
estatic it was working so well until it
was working too well it was so fast that
it was ahead of us at every step of the
way that we made to try and delete it
soon it copied itself through every
single computer on the planet and it
created an army an army to eradicate the
human species now these are two very
possible futures when it comes the idea
of artificial intelligence and when I
say artificial intelligence all I really
mean is robots and stuff that we see all
the time in Hollywood films except these
robots would be more than just Hollywood
because it would be a reality and the
technology for it is much closer than
you may think
as human beings we think a lot right we
do all the time in fact I’m doing it
while I speak right now and when we
think of thought we’re not sure really
what it is because what is thought well
you may just think thought is something
that our brain creates right but that’s
partly right but not completely true the
thing that truly makes our thought is
many smaller parts of the brain known as
neurons these neurons carry electrical
signals throughout the mind and once
these connect it forms the basis of
thought humans have over a hundred
billion of them however recent studies
by Michael Crosley Kevin sayers and Koji
chemins found that snails only have two
neurons in their brains when making
decisions each of these neurons is
responsible for a specific brain process
one checks to see if it found food and
if it found food then it then checks
see if it’s hungry this process looks a
little something like this
now when I first saw the study I was
like who cares right
I mean they’re snails we already knew
that they didn’t think much in the first
place but then something caught my
attention for the study the way that
these snails think is actually very
similar to a fundamental concept we have
in programming something known as an if
condition we’re in programming an if
condition simply checks to see if a
statement is found to be true if it is
then it runs the block of code contained
inside otherwise it just skips over and
moves along so in the case of the snail
this would actually be really easy to
program if you found food then if there
is if you are hungry then eat simple
right but then again of course it’s
simple like I said before it’s just a
snail it doesn’t think much but I want
to push this a bit further if we think
about human beings and snails we both
have neurons in our brain in fact
they’re exactly the same so if we can
program the neuron inside a snails mind
then shouldn’t we be able to program it
in a human’s mind now that may seem much
more difficult to answer and really then
you got to ask what is it that makes us
human beings well one thing that we do
all the time is that we break down
information around us and understand
what it is like if I think this I’m on a
dot this is a crowd I can hear little
noises from people and I can feel the
clothes against my skin this type of
idea has actually been done many if not
thousands of times within programming
in fact we have one very good example of
this known as Google deep dream this
program is able to break down images
that receives and do
key components until find certain
characters or aspects of it that look
similar to something else that has been
trained on and after finding these
things enhances it and you get some
results like this this is starry night
by Van Gogh or really Google deep dreams
rendition on it if you can see Google
deep dream actually found many aspects
that look like a dog and then made it
much more apparent as well different
eyes and people along the bottom
other examples include this landscape
here and this very creepy background
that I’m not too much of a fan of but
hey it’s computer art it’s subjective
right okay so if we can break down
information what about learning from it
right we learn all the time in fact
that’s why we’re in school even though I
may not like it you have to grow up get
a job whatever right so we have some
examples of this sort of learning but
one of our best examples is known as IBM
Watson this program was able to take
thousands of Wikipedia articles and
break it down and learn the entire human
language from scratch in fact I didn’t
just learn it it mastered the language
because soon it was pitted against the
top two players in jeopardy and Watson
won with both their points combined in a
game that we thought revolved around too
much of human language so a computer
couldn’t understand it so if we have the
ability of break down information and
learn from it then shouldn’t I have a
robot body right now someone I can throw
my arm around because really that’s all
that we really are as human beings we
learn and as I talk to them I could be
speeding along the road as it drives me
to work without me touching a thing but
we don’t have that in fact we’re nowhere
near
our best example is IBM Watson and
that’s not really much of a friend that
you can talk to unless a little bit
lonely so what is it that we’re missing
what is well that’s where we got think
what is it that truly makes us human
beings now that may seem very difficult
to answer especially when approaching it
from a philosophical view however the
answer has been in front of us the
entire time we do it every single day
everything from finding out what we want
for dinner to solving the most complex
math problems the thing that makes us
unique as human beings is the ability to
ask questions don’t believe me well
eight that have been shown sign language
can speak a language fluently they can
communicate effectively with not just
other Apes but with humans as well to
say things such as I’m hungry I want
water or I am sleepy however in all of
our years of study we have never once
observed these Apes to ask a question
never saying why or even pointing to an
object for us to explain it now this
phenomena is well documented and has
been accredited the fact that Apes or
any other animal really lacks something
known as meta cognition the ability to
think of the process of thinking now
that definitely sounds meta to me but
all that really means is that if I think
of myself I know I’m feeling excited and
slightly nervous and if I were to ask
you how you were feeling some of you
might say bored or others might be
interested but most likely you would
just say fine natural human response
right and then if I were to ask you what
the value of pi’ is right some of you
would know absolutely nothing and others
would no way
further into the string of digits than
even I know and that’s fine because as a
human being I understand that I have my
own mind and that within this mind I
have my own feelings and my own sets of
knowledge I also know that when I look
at you anyone out there I know that you
have your own mind as well something
that thinks and can process information
in a different way from me and that’s
all metacognition really is so why does
this matter why am I talking about this
metacognition all this other nonsense
who cares well actually if we were to
combine the abilities of metacognition
and all these other fundamental concepts
then we could create a true artificial
intelligence something can that can
think just like us such a program would
have to be old break down information
and learn from it much like Watson all
right does except do this in a more
general sense finding any patterns it
can and after it finds these patterns it
comes up with a question something like
why does this pattern exist and after
forming this question it demonstrates a
form of curiosity where it strives to
answer it and if it can’t quite reach an
answer on its own or with the
information that has then it turns
external sources such as human beings
and poses that very same question or
maybe even subsequent questions so the
program can figure it out itself and
that’s all we need in fact a program
like that would have no need for any
language or anything built into it
because it would learn very similar to
that of a human child because a child
has no knowledge of anything when is
born it doesn’t understand any language
or numbering system and that’s precisely
why you can teach you any language and
the child can still grow up and be as
successful as
ever although of course a program may
learn much more rapidly than what a
human child is capable of but that’s
still up for debate so if we can truly
combine all these aspects together make
them work in say harmony then we can get
a form of technological singularity
where the human aspect of consciousness
communicates with the machine like
ability and after doing this they fuse
together and at that point machine
becomes more than just a tool in fact
that time period when this singularity
occurs is expected to happen in 2029 and
when this happened a new world will
emerge so whether or not you choose to
believe in the utopian world of luxury
relaxation and enjoyment or the
dystopian destruction of the human race
all life everything you love anything
that you knew it doesn’t matter we’re
now in day and age our next biggest leap
and technology would to be to create a
program capable of consciousness
something that can truly think and we
will get there there’s no doubt about
that
in fact computer scientists Edgar W
distro once said the question of whether
computer can think is no more
interesting than the question of whether
submarine can swim the only way that we
can try to stay alive when robots arrive
is to say as cautious as possible learn
as much as we can before it gets here
because the only question left when it
comes to artificial intelligence is when
is it going to arrive thank you very
much
you
[Applause]
imagine this you wake up in the morning
and you take a breath of fresh air and
you smell bacon eggs toast coffee your
favorite breakfast already made for you
and you didn’t even have to go bed so
then you get up and you go into your
kitchen and you indulge yourself but as
you’re eating a screen pops up with your
day already planned out for you and you
didn’t lift a finger so then as per your
schedule you get up and you head into
your car and as you open up the car door
you realize something that there’s
actually not even any seats in fact
there’s not even a steering wheel just a
couch for you to lay down on so you do
as you lay down the car takes off
already knowing where your work is
without you having to say a thing so as
it’s speeding along the road you’re
talking to someone although you’re not
just talking to anyone you’re talking to
a friend the same friend that had made
your breakfast this morning plan your
schedule and is driving the car right
now and as you’re talking them you’re
talking down through a computer although
through isn’t really the right word
because your friend is the actual
computer have own side picture this it’s
dark you can’t see anything and you’re
hiding from something whatever it is
it’s outside and it’s attacking people
and you’re not sure why why why think
think you remember now scientists you
saw on the news the other day they
created something although they didn’t
just create anything they created a mind
am I
inside a computer scientists were
estatic it was working so well until it
was working too well it was so fast that
it was ahead of us at every step of the
way that we made to try and delete it
soon it copied itself through every
single computer on the planet and it
created an army an army to eradicate the
human species now these are two very
possible futures when it comes the idea
of artificial intelligence and when I
say artificial intelligence all I really
mean is robots and stuff that we see all
the time in Hollywood films except these
robots would be more than just Hollywood
because it would be a reality and the
technology for it is much closer than
you may think
as human beings we think a lot right we
do all the time in fact I’m doing it
while I speak right now and when we
think of thought we’re not sure really
what it is because what is thought well
you may just think thought is something
that our brain creates right but that’s
partly right but not completely true the
thing that truly makes our thought is
many smaller parts of the brain known as
neurons these neurons carry electrical
signals throughout the mind and once
these connect it forms the basis of
thought humans have over a hundred
billion of them however recent studies
by Michael Crosley Kevin sayers and Koji
chemins found that snails only have two
neurons in their brains when making
decisions each of these neurons is
responsible for a specific brain process
one checks to see if it found food and
if it found food then it then checks
see if it’s hungry this process looks a
little something like this
now when I first saw the study I was
like who cares right
I mean they’re snails we already knew
that they didn’t think much in the first
place but then something caught my
attention for the study the way that
these snails think is actually very
similar to a fundamental concept we have
in programming something known as an if
condition we’re in programming an if
condition simply checks to see if a
statement is found to be true if it is
then it runs the block of code contained
inside otherwise it just skips over and
moves along so in the case of the snail
this would actually be really easy to
program if you found food then if there
is if you are hungry then eat simple
right but then again of course it’s
simple like I said before it’s just a
snail it doesn’t think much but I want
to push this a bit further if we think
about human beings and snails we both
have neurons in our brain in fact
they’re exactly the same so if we can
program the neuron inside a snails mind
then shouldn’t we be able to program it
in a human’s mind now that may seem much
more difficult to answer and really then
you got to ask what is it that makes us
human beings well one thing that we do
all the time is that we break down
information around us and understand
what it is like if I think this I’m on a
dot this is a crowd I can hear little
noises from people and I can feel the
clothes against my skin this type of
idea has actually been done many if not
thousands of times within programming
in fact we have one very good example of
this known as Google deep dream this
program is able to break down images
that receives and do
key components until find certain
characters or aspects of it that look
similar to something else that has been
trained on and after finding these
things enhances it and you get some
results like this this is starry night
by Van Gogh or really Google deep dreams
rendition on it if you can see Google
deep dream actually found many aspects
that look like a dog and then made it
much more apparent as well different
eyes and people along the bottom
other examples include this landscape
here and this very creepy background
that I’m not too much of a fan of but
hey it’s computer art it’s subjective
right okay so if we can break down
information what about learning from it
right we learn all the time in fact
that’s why we’re in school even though I
may not like it you have to grow up get
a job whatever right so we have some
examples of this sort of learning but
one of our best examples is known as IBM
Watson this program was able to take
thousands of Wikipedia articles and
break it down and learn the entire human
language from scratch in fact I didn’t
just learn it it mastered the language
because soon it was pitted against the
top two players in jeopardy and Watson
won with both their points combined in a
game that we thought revolved around too
much of human language so a computer
couldn’t understand it so if we have the
ability of break down information and
learn from it then shouldn’t I have a
robot body right now someone I can throw
my arm around because really that’s all
that we really are as human beings we
learn and as I talk to them I could be
speeding along the road as it drives me
to work without me touching a thing but
we don’t have that in fact we’re nowhere
near
our best example is IBM Watson and
that’s not really much of a friend that
you can talk to unless a little bit
lonely so what is it that we’re missing
what is well that’s where we got think
what is it that truly makes us human
beings now that may seem very difficult
to answer especially when approaching it
from a philosophical view however the
answer has been in front of us the
entire time we do it every single day
everything from finding out what we want
for dinner to solving the most complex
math problems the thing that makes us
unique as human beings is the ability to
ask questions don’t believe me well
eight that have been shown sign language
can speak a language fluently they can
communicate effectively with not just
other Apes but with humans as well to
say things such as I’m hungry I want
water or I am sleepy however in all of
our years of study we have never once
observed these Apes to ask a question
never saying why or even pointing to an
object for us to explain it now this
phenomena is well documented and has
been accredited the fact that Apes or
any other animal really lacks something
known as meta cognition the ability to
think of the process of thinking now
that definitely sounds meta to me but
all that really means is that if I think
of myself I know I’m feeling excited and
slightly nervous and if I were to ask
you how you were feeling some of you
might say bored or others might be
interested but most likely you would
just say fine natural human response
right and then if I were to ask you what
the value of pi’ is right some of you
would know absolutely nothing and others
would no way
further into the string of digits than
even I know and that’s fine because as a
human being I understand that I have my
own mind and that within this mind I
have my own feelings and my own sets of
knowledge I also know that when I look
at you anyone out there I know that you
have your own mind as well something
that thinks and can process information
in a different way from me and that’s
all metacognition really is so why does
this matter why am I talking about this
metacognition all this other nonsense
who cares well actually if we were to
combine the abilities of metacognition
and all these other fundamental concepts
then we could create a true artificial
intelligence something can that can
think just like us such a program would
have to be old break down information
and learn from it much like Watson all
right does except do this in a more
general sense finding any patterns it
can and after it finds these patterns it
comes up with a question something like
why does this pattern exist and after
forming this question it demonstrates a
form of curiosity where it strives to
answer it and if it can’t quite reach an
answer on its own or with the
information that has then it turns
external sources such as human beings
and poses that very same question or
maybe even subsequent questions so the
program can figure it out itself and
that’s all we need in fact a program
like that would have no need for any
language or anything built into it
because it would learn very similar to
that of a human child because a child
has no knowledge of anything when is
born it doesn’t understand any language
or numbering system and that’s precisely
why you can teach you any language and
the child can still grow up and be as
successful as
ever although of course a program may
learn much more rapidly than what a
human child is capable of but that’s
still up for debate so if we can truly
combine all these aspects together make
them work in say harmony then we can get
a form of technological singularity
where the human aspect of consciousness
communicates with the machine like
ability and after doing this they fuse
together and at that point machine
becomes more than just a tool in fact
that time period when this singularity
occurs is expected to happen in 2029 and
when this happened a new world will
emerge so whether or not you choose to
believe in the utopian world of luxury
relaxation and enjoyment or the
dystopian destruction of the human race
all life everything you love anything
that you knew it doesn’t matter we’re
now in day and age our next biggest leap
and technology would to be to create a
program capable of consciousness
something that can truly think and we
will get there there’s no doubt about
that
in fact computer scientists Edgar W
distro once said the question of whether
computer can think is no more
interesting than the question of whether
submarine can swim the only way that we
can try to stay alive when robots arrive
is to say as cautious as possible learn
as much as we can before it gets here
because the only question left when it
comes to artificial intelligence is when
is it going to arrive thank you very
much
you
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