that you know the post lunch session and
the start of it has not been controlled
by robots because if it was we would not
be struggling with a little bit of
technology or the technology glitches
here and there and we would not be
equally waiting for the hall to be full
robots would have just passed the
message in a technological telepathic
manner and everybody would have arrived
more or less at the same time anyway the
quest of robots to be human that is the
topic of today of my talk and I am
reminded of a movie which I saw way back
in nineteen ninety nine the Bicentennial
you know very less number of people it
did not do very well at the box office
but it was a cult classic it is the
story of an ndr series robot which is
taken in for housekeeping jobs and a
kind of a maidservant jobs in a large
family the robot in a whorehouse doing
the jobs which normally the mother or
the father or you know the human human
serving humans do there are reactions
which are positive negative and suddenly
the family realizes that even this robot
actually has emotions it cannot express
it because the face is you know made of
steel or you know whatever exterior it
was made of but when accidentally
he breaks the toy of the Little Miss of
the house to kind of repent or kind of
make her happy he goes and makes a
crafts the same toy in wood to gift it
back to her bringing in immense joy to
the entire family that is the time when
everybody realizes that this robot has
emotions and the owner of the house then
you know decides to test it out further
he goes back to the you know developer
and asks whether he has similar robots
in his you know in his factory or in his
report i er and there is none which they
can find and he brings them back brings
the robot back and slowly there is a
relationship it starts to get formed
between the various people and the robot
then one day accidentally he cuts you
know his hand the robot and the owner
again takes him back to the factory with
one clear instruction that his interior
or the software will not be tampered
with only the thumb will be repaired and
he makes them sign lot of agreements and
everything and he brings them back and
then that is how the bonding between the
owner and the robot actually begins the
robot then starts to draw a salary from
the owner of the house and since he
doesn’t use it he is not a human being
he starts to accumulate a huge huge bag
ballots you know which is the way the
salary which is getting and then
suddenly you know he realizes that I
have emotions some people are treating
me as a servant I want independence and
he has given the independence in fact
the owner of the house is you know very
angry with him and say is ok you are
banished from my life and he lets him go
then the robot actually builds himself a
very nice house yet the at a beachfront
right and then
this the story actually the movie came
in 1999 the story starts in 2005 and
then and then in 2048 in the movie it is
shown that he has again a very brief
meeting with the owner of the house and
in that you know there is some
interaction which takes place and the
entire family realizes that probably the
person who really loved cared for the
owner of the house was this robot much
more than anybody else anyway life goes
on this guy has earned a lot of money
and then he joins hands with the son of
the creator you know of the India series
and then they kind of start to you know
interact and the first thing which he
does is he says let my facial muscles
reflect the emotions which are going on
in my you know mind or heart then you
know slowly he progresses and then he
starts to develop organs for medical
industry enhancement which can go inside
a robot as well as a human being they
make lot of money you know the company
becomes very rich they get it gets
funded which was not getting funded
otherwise and then you know he meets the
younger little little miss you know
who’s now much more grown and actually
there was a bonding which had developed
between the two of them but she is
married to somebody else and he feels
the pangs of jealousy at that point in
time and anyway she is divorced she you
know she dies at a certain time and then
he is busy in his own work then after
almost about 100 years he meets the
great grandchild of the Little Miss who
is identical to this little miss and
falls in love with that girl and slowly
the girl also responds and that is where
the bonding starts the bonding starts
and they want to marry now a robot and a
human being getting getting married was
unheard of
it so they go to the World Congress the
world congress is you know you cannot do
this you cannot do this you cannot do
this you cannot be a human being okay
then slowly slowly he develops you know
the various parts because artificial
intelligence and technology has
progressed and then the world congress
actually says that okay you have
achieved this but how can an immortal be
called a human being because human
beings cannot be immortal and then you
know he develops a system where the
blood enters his body you know starts to
flow through this body and then the
aging process starts and then the to
that girl and you know they stay
together and the you know the kind of
get aged together number of times they
go to the World Congress something or
the other on the deathbed this is the
last scene of the film when the
announcement is coming that now that you
are aging right he dies and he is on
artificial support and he doesn’t see
you know live to see that announcement
that a robot has been you know qualified
as a human being and that girl also you
know asks her life support to be taken
out and the two died together this is
the journey of the best internal man it
was in 1999 based on a novel called the
positronic man and the positronic man
itself was based on the previous novel
of I so move which was the Bicentennial
man this was 1999 the movie the moment I
saw I fell in love with the concept of
robots humans serving humans for menial
jobs why humans are supposed to do much
better things in January of 2017 when I
actually was reading a newspaper the
European Commission Commission actually
has recommended that robe should have
1999 the movie had come now just imagine
somebody is doing a job for you a robot
is doing a job for you it has a certain
responsibility if humans fail they get
penalized they get appreciation they get
a salary they don’t get a salary robot
is doing the same if it starts to do it
independently it should be rewarded or
it should be punished it should be
responsible for its actions right and
slowly you know this journey has started
there was a time when there were a lot
of tables in our society slowly they
have also become accepted so the journey
is already starting with the European
Commission what are the regular question
marks you know which come in our minds
the regular question marks are you know
robots live up to expectations and
people can surpass expectations okay but
when this young girl was demonstrating
CD in front of us even if it was you
know a regular script menu for surprised
today you know men I I put on the Google
all the unit systems in my android early
morning I wake up it gives me the
weather then it says time to go to the
office then it has you know kind of
marked by calendar and it says time to
go home you know this is the weather
this is the map everything so they are
monitoring you somewhere it is it not
surprising right it is surprising
technology is moving at a very very
rapid pace machines can personalize but
people can make it personal but if you
see and look if you come to our office
we will show you humanoids the way they
dance sing you know at the first level
they really impress you they exceed your
expectation especially expectations of
those who have were not alive to the
idea and the possibilities which
artificial intelligence augmented
reality IOT or robotics brings to the
table I was
explaining to you know some of the
people who were in the room earlier that
if you look at artificial intelligence
if you look at you know augmented
reality if you look at I OT these are
software driven things they are like the
Atma initiator or in a in a body they
require a body they require a body to
live in right like the Atma requires
archery right is it alright to put it in
a seed entry you know kind of a product
which is drawing its own power not
moving anywhere and it is performing
what is it going to realize its true
potential in a device which has a mind
of its own which has a body of its own
which has a power of its own which can
move around on it soon like a human
being does so the real life if or the
real potential of a i aro iot would be
in the robotic devices the way mobiles
have proliferated around us and today
everybody has the mobiles as an
extension of their palm robots in
multiple numbers would be in every home
within the next decade or so even in
India if you look at you know artificial
intelligence and cognitive abilities and
that is where you know I think the big
challenge for robotics is right because
anything which has a strong AI must have
intentional thinking intentional
thinking will come only when you have a
brain of your own a brain of your own
will have a set of beliefs of its own
can you imagine a robot at this point in
time which has that look at the honda
asimo which you know which is more which
is moving around you know and shown in
many many films does it
have a brain of its own like that can it
you know move around anywhere even in a
normal street like that cannot the
driverless car is also a robot actually
right and I was giving the example of
two red lights at a distance from each
other one is turning red and one is you
know turning green that there is a
distance between the two red lights and
here it is recognizing it has been
programmed to recognize the red light
and with lot of accuracy that when it is
a red light I must stop when it is amber
I must you know get into the standby
mode and when it is green I must just
run how does it distinguish sometimes
and that means there is a lot of change
which is required to be done if you look
at human beings ourselves you know
billions of years have gone into
bringing us to the level of you know
development we are in at this stage we
are the best creations of God but yet
what happens when we leave our house or
about to leave our house with whatever
best cars which we may have everybody
comes and says there are the Hansa Ghana
because thumb to teach a logger but some
idiot on the road will not be driving
properly right with all the senses which
we have every faculty which is there at
our disposal right we still say the
answer Jonna just imagine it robot has
exactly the same thing to do when it
leaves a place they’ll be you know when
our lawn robot moves around a lawn Kenny
but ditch I can be a mountain see you
know he’ll type a caper berry shaggy dog
will be sitting on top of it somebody
will touch you no rain will come all
those things you know it has to have
those senses and robots are developing
you know those senses very very
carefully but cognitive abilities is
something which is the real test on
every front that you know you have to
see so let us just take one example
which is of a you know a person who is
telephone right so what does a person do
on the on hearing a ringtone you know he
has to take a decision that is you know
to pick up which is the motor action and
robots also when you define that degrees
of freedom it is based on the servos
which they have right degrees of freedom
that without human intervention it can
function up to a particular point it
requires you know language skills it
requires social skills and interacting
properly with a human being right so
human being is able to do it very
carefully and I mean very very properly
when you are doing something I will say
suddenly ma’am please do not look at
your movin right okay I’m no I am just
giving an example so so what happened
was that I just suddenly said she was
doing she did lot of actions
simultaneously along with hiding her
mobile phone and then there was some
interaction which happened between us
which was social nature smile came that
you know teeth were visible mine and
yours and everybody’s there was a lot
which happened can it robot do it at
this point in time these are the things
which are challenging you know the
scientists across the globe and but let
us understand the you know cognitive
ability and you know the challenges
which are there so first is perception
so basic five senses which you talk of
right so I think this is no longer a
challenge for artificial intelligence or
robotics at this point we have more or
less you know covered this it’s very
very simple if we look at attention you
know this also more or less today’s
technology has been able to overcome
right which is object but you know
concentration or a particular object
action or thought and ability to manage
competing demands in an in any
memory also you know it is something
which has been you know overcoming with
with the with the every passing day I
think it is being overcome motor skills
and this is an exercise you know all of
us must do okay everybody whatever you
are doing tap with your right hand and
try to draw a circle with your left
everybody try to do tap with your right
hand and try to draw a circle how many
of you are able to do it successfully
many people are lying anyway so now the
thing is try to do the same thing left
hand you start to tap and right hand
side you would start to draw how many
people are able to do it not more
because many more people are
right-handers and that is how you know
the major activity is being done by the
earth right hand okay so now this thing
God’s best invention God’s best creation
how many people were able to do just
think right and robotics also has the
same challenge right so here the work is
still in progress and that is why when
you see the robots they say so many
servers so many degrees of freedom and
things like that language you know with
you demonstrated you know here right now
but still there is much more to language
than just basic understanding there are
axioms to it there are hidden meanings
to it there is tonality to it right
there is a history to it there is a
future to it more than what is being
said but basic language you know there
is the progress we just happen visual
and spatial progressing again you know I
gave you one example of that driverless
car looking at the red light the
distance between the two of them the
size between the two of them you know
all that i gave but here comes in the
real challenge which human beings
actually exercise day in and day out at
every point in time of their life so
flexibility the capacity for quickly
switching to appropriate mental mode you
just demonstrated Thanks theory of mind
insight into other people’s inner world
their plans their likes and dislikes
right now look at the story of the
Bicentennial man how did the robot and
that girl fall in love with each other
it is only possible because of this
thing right and there is also a lot of
development which is taking place on
this front because today robots have
problem-solving decision-making working
memory you know again lot of progress
has happened so on a 10-point scale you
can give the robots 5 out of 10 6 out of
10 so there is a there is a massive
progress which is happening emotional
self-regulation this is still a major
challenge for robotics where the ability
to identify and manage one’s own
emotions for good performance when the
host devotes a whole session on the
fourth Industrial Revolution right and
you know you’re feeling a little bit
sleepy I can see doesn’t matter does not
matter a robot will never fall asleep
asleep in front of me and that is how
you know robots are now being rented
across the globe across the factories
you will have robotic armies they will
not be asking for leaves right they will
be churning out day in and day out
whatever number of ours machine capacity
exists you can scale up scale down when
they are working there is a cost engaged
in it when they are not working it is a
capex which
is there so you know this is where it’s
a it’s a development which is further
good but there has to be a life after
work you know work-life balance so if
you want to recognize a robot as
equivalent to a human being how would
that robot have a work-life balance
because for all you know people coming
from the Mars Navy robots you know and
we might actually be there is a latest
movie which has been released I think
just two days or three days ago which is
you know the first Martian boy who is
you know who takes birth on Mars and
arrives to to the earth and you know how
how he is accompanied by a robotic what
do you say assistant and how their
challenges are but you can also probably
be reminded of PK how many of you have
seen PK how does he learn bhojpuri huh
holding hand just imagine soraka zara he
just transverse it it is not just you
know in the figment of imagination these
are things which are going to be reality
sequencing inhibition you know all these
are at various various stages startling
you know realities are that mind
transform from one robot to another I am
dying what do I do admin geisha rear
rotor to the hotel Blanco Georgia is
duniya me TK and other robot Mara whose
neck which knee karna was never not mine
distributed in body k equal button right
this is starting just imagine the entire
history is their dynamic morphologies
hum we can go up to ethernet ki hai tere
it knee geez IDK egg vibration these are
otome today also the fattest woman in
the world has arrived in Mumbai for you
know an operation but huh from Egypt ok
see you so well informed a roof if
so you know they can be built of any
size in any modularity right
technologically enabled telepathy you
know just transferring information
immunity to damaging and burdensome
biological functions kisi bahane honey
jnana robot co-write or couch is Anakin
ahsoka valcom karna right productivity
would be quite high and reproduction
instantly production mass production
self-replication these are startling
realities which exist in today’s world
with robots right did you even imagine
the possibility which is coming into
this world we are talking about
demographic dividend and if Germany has
to take back its competitive edge over
China or India or whomsoever all it
takes is you know dominating and taking
and converting the robotic technologies
which exists today into reality and the
last challenge which is the biggest
challenge for the robotics to work a
robotic technology AI etcetera can
probably decipher almost everything with
a pattern even a small twitch of you
know a muscle with the background which
it has it will be able to understand the
emotions but please remember go back to
that example where you smile right the
visceral nature of emotion comes because
of the empathy when we are talking the
eyes get moist sometimes why is it that
the eyes get moist it is only humans
right and because there is you are
putting yourself in other person’s place
understanding his or her emotions which
that person may be going through and
that is why you are able to you know
really relate engage in social
interaction and understanding this is
the biggest challenge for AI and
robotics and if we are able to overcome
the day is not far where the robots
would be equated equivalent
to human beings thank you [Applause]