four years ago exactly in February of
200 2013 Angelina Jolie this wonderful
and talented American actress has
undergone an operation to remove her two
breasts two years laters in March of
2015 she has undergone another operation
now to remove her two ovaries why did
she do it she did it because her mother
her aunt the sister of her mother and
her grandmother died successively from
two diseases
breast cancer in ovarian cancer and she
suspected that she is carrying a gene
that when mutated is leading resulting
in these diseases in the genus called
bracha one breast cancer number one she
has undergone a genetic test and she was
found indeed to be positive for the
mutated gene what did she do
practically personally she removed a
ticking bomb from her body
that was out to explode 80% o to explode
80% chances of getting breast cancer and
40% which is very high chances of
getting ovarian cancer which we all know
is a deadly disease what did she do
publicly and maybe unknowingly she
ushered in the third revolution of
medicine which we all call now the
revolution of personalized or precise
medicine what is personalized she
Angelina Jolie has the mutation not on
women that have breast cancer have this
mutation actually rather a small group
so that’s personal precise because we
are able to diagnose exactly the
mutation that lead to those two diseases
actually this revolution the third
revolution
have additional three-piece – we talked
already about personal personalized and
precise the additional three are
predictive we can predict the disease
actually she knew that she is going to
have the disease in the future and
therefore she can prevent the disease by
taking the appropriate measures and last
but not least the participatory part gun
are the days that the doctor is the
patron of our body the patient himself
or herself takes responsibility for his
or her own faith you can imagine the
weight of the disease for this woman or
any woman to remove the womanhood the
symbol of womanhood from her body by
that she truly assured this revolution
what is the revolution in general
revolution is a paradigm shift we are
changing the way that we have behaved
until now in a radical way why
revolutions are coming in science and
anywhere one because we are not
satisfied with what we are doing and to
the technology allows us to move forward
we need these to condition the
dissatisfaction and the technology that
will be on our side in order to move
forward but let’s go back a little bit
it all starts with a dream at the end of
the day we are running by dreams to
remain young forever to remove the word
aging from our vocabulary and most
importantly to cure all diseases to live
young and healthy and to remove even
this full fearful disease from our world
is this dream possible at all well when
we look into history I can tell you that
we are doing or we have done the first
steps whether we shall be able to make
the next steps is still doubtful
let’s think about history a little bit
100 years ago that our
of the 20th century people lived on the
average 50 years 55 years people died of
infections of bubonic plague of polio of
cholera woman died during delivery in
order for family to have two children
the woman has to give birth to ten
children to seven children
nowaday we can raise one single children
with one birth in one century one
century we were able to increase
lifespan by thirty years let take this
number even further down the road let’s
think about the Romans the Egyptians the
Greeks four thousand years ago people
were living on the average twenty-five
to thirty years it took four thousand
years in order to increase life time by
merely twenty years in all of a sudden
one single magic century the 20th
century thirty more years were added to
our lives and we are still keep on
climbing what happened in the twentieth
century many things did happen in the
20th century mostly science and
technology vaccinations we removed all
the epidemics from our lives polio was
gone cholera was gone bubonic plague was
gone
pertussis was gone antibiotics we are
able to fight infections Imaging
Engineering came to our help
initially roentgen but then CT scan and
MRI we can now follow from the outside
of the body the body actions from the
very outside by looking by using very
sophisticated devices and we are still
keep on running very soon we shall be
able to replace tissues now we are doing
it with metals we can replace joints we
can replace heart valves but very soon
we shall be able to use soft tissues
once we shall have diabetes when the
pancreas doesn’t secret anymore insulin
we shall take embryonic cells reprogram
them to risa creat insulin and put them
back into the patient and for those of
you are not aware diabetes is the number
one epidemic of the Western
world for patient that are suffering
from Parkinson disease this disease that
we are trembling that we cannot
stabilize our organ we cannot write we
cannot eat we cannot cut our food we
cannot button our shirts we cannot dry
ourselves after the shower we shall be
able to take the brain cells that
secrete this stabilizing material and
have gone already have been degenerated
reprogram embryonic cells to reset rate
this material put them back into the
patient and move on so it’s science
technology and medicine but along with
it is coming the typical device that we
have been used for ever and these are
the drugs the drug that we are buying in
the pharmacy and now we are entering the
third revolution as I mentioned to you
but let’s go back a little bit to the
first revolution and the first
revolution was the revolution of
serendipity those drugs blockbuster
drugs were discovered by complete
serendipity think about the aspirin
aspirin initially was used to remove
fever and to remove pain but now aspirin
is number one drug to prevent heart
attack to prevent clogging of blood in
the arteries that lead blood to the
heart itself which cause us to just drop
dead from a heart attack god forbid
number one preventer of heart attacks
it’s number one prevent or now of cancer
without going into too sophisticated
mechanism aspirin is now number one came
up preventive drug to prevent many types
of cancer how aspirin was discovered by
the old Egyptians 4000 years ago the
leaves of the willow bark it hava that
grew up on the banks of the nile river
were very bitter to chew but their
rejections noted that while chewing them
you can relieve pain then it took four
thousand years buyer in germany
developed the drug to become initially
against fever and inflammation and
10 20 years ago to become the best
anticoagulant and best mo preventive for
cancer think about penicillin the first
antibiotic I cannot imagine the world of
medicine today without antibiotics
penicillin was discovered by complete
serendipity by Sir Alexander Fleming a
British scientist that bloated that
fungi and bacteria cannot grow together
there is always a distance between the
two of them when they grow on the same
dish and he surmised that the fungus
secretes a material that he called an T
against BIOS life it was all
serendipitous observation that really
saved millions and millions of lives
during the recent history
so the first revolution serendipity you
trust me that we cannot live on
serendipity when we are trying to cure
dry diseases serendipity you know either
it comes or it doesn’t come the second
revolution was the revolution of
chemistry and what we called
high-throughput screening let me just
explain it to you in a very simple
language there are numerous chemicals
available today millions of different
chemicals that were synthesized during
different processes and on the other
hand we developed very simple model for
diseases we can have cells that secrete
cholesterol which will mimic heart
attack we can have cancer cells that
grow in the dish that mimic cancer and
we can just match the two we take one
chemical after one chemical after the
other chemical and try them one by one
by one by one until one will stop the
growth of the tumor imagine that you are
leaving home and forget the key behind
you what you are doing you are calling
the company and the company typically in
the old days would have come with
thousand to 500 kids one of them will
open the door
why because the company is making so
many kids so did evolution made so many
shapes that one of them will be fitted
by a typical chemical so this was half a
serendipity this was what I call non
intelligent screening but many very
useful drugs were discovered by this
method statins for example the
blockbuster drug that is sold by
billions of dollars a year to
reduce the level of cholesterol for
patient that are suffering from high
cholesterol that lead to heart attack
was discovered by seven by this type of
screening a Japanese scientist by the
name of Akira endo just screamed a
library we call it a library of a
hundred thousand chemicals natural
products coming from Japan and he found
one of them that we lower the production
of cholesterol and shortly after it
became a blockbuster drug so why not to
screen and screen and screen and screen
until we find q2 all diseases well we
cannot do it the reason is that we are
human beings we are doing it screening
is carried out on a simple disease
models and human beings are much more
complex than these simple disease models
we are men and women we are tall and low
we are fat and a little bit or big to be
politically correct and thin we are
living in different climates but mostly
we are equipped with a different genetic
repertoire we cannot even transfuse
blood to one another we have eight type
of Bloods we need to be sure that we are
transfusing the same very type of blood
to a patient in the operation theater
not to say transplanting a kidney that’s
1/2 a million not to say transplanting
bone-marrow this is one to ten million
and we need to make magic so we are very
different from one another therefore
there is no wonder the disease’s behave
very different in us the same so-called
disease will behave very different in
different people if we take a group of
people that is diagnosed in the same day
with prostate cancer men breast cancer
woman Alzheimer doesn’t matter what any
disease and we follow them along the
time we see that they split some of them
are cured and some of them either remain
chronic patients or unfortunately pass
away they split and the question is how
do we know how can we predict what’s
going on there
how we can tell the patient or how we
can better treat the patient that we
know is going to belong to the worsening
group via the DNA now we have a chip
that we can diagnose on the chip the
exact mutation the exact cause that
leads to the disease and what happened
is that a new oral discovered for us
what we call breast cancer is not a
disease anymore it’s actually a group of
numerous diseases that are caused by
numerous mutation what we call prostate
cancer heart attack excess of
cholesterol any disease is actually just
a name for a symptom let me just use a
very simple example take a car that you
cannot ignite in the morning well that’s
the symptoms that’s the disease but the
reason can be an empty battery the
reason can be wet sparks the reason can
be god forbid that you forgot to feel
oil into the engine and the cylinders
got stuck in their barrels and it can be
just simple you forgot to fill it with
glass there is no gas in there so there
is a cause if you’ll take a car that
doesn’t have a battery and change the
sparks it will still not turn on so
think about the diseases the same very
problem and the problem is that our
ability to read the information came out
only in 2000 exactly in April of 2000
the human genome what makes us what we
are was become available only in 2000 it
was a huge multinational effort they
took seven hundred million dollars seven
hundred million dollars and seven years
of work and within the last 15 years or
16 years from 2000 until now we were
able to shrink the distance from 700
million dollar to less than five
thousand dollars and from seven years to
about an hour we are able now to
sequence the DNA of each and every one
of us within an hour or two with the
cost of $5,000 and within a year or two
this will be reduced even to five
hundred dollars basically a head scan
MRI a little bit routine on a little bit
expensive side of the routine that’s the
achievement of medicine and what it
brings with us it brings
exactly the third revolution the
revolution of personalized medicine and
the revolution of personalized medicine
is of course embedded in our DNA but not
only in our DNA you know the DNA is just
the beginning it’s the root DNA is
making RNA and RNA is making proteins
and we’re now developing in parallel a
whole set of technologies which are
called omics the genomics the
transcriptomics the metabolomics and we
are able to profile each and every one
of us with the exact profile that will
pinpoint to the reason of the disease
but here come the price that we have to
pay for this lunch that until few
minutes ago you all thought it’s free
there are no free lunches and there are
many prices for this lunch one price is
obviously the pharma companies they hate
it because the same market of breast
cancer will be now divided to ten
different breast cancer and the so for
prostate cancer and for every other
disease and they will have to develop
many more drugs for the same market
share so economically they don’t like it
until now they enjoyed what we call the
market of the blockbusters the assault
drugs for billions of dollars even
though the drug didn’t help the patients
or help them only nicely but what could
they do that’s the only drug that was
for choice for them so you take it then
you say ok even the little may help so
this is one issue but the other issue is
the ethical issue and the ethical issue
is exactly the ethical issue that I
pointed out with Angelina Jolie it’s the
knowledge of what we are having do we
want to know it don’t we want to know do
we have a choice whether we want to know
it or don’t want to know it actually we
are not going to have a choice it’s
going to be a routine test in the
hospital and I can tell you just one
example me I’ll tell you about myself
it’s not a true one you walk into the
emergency room with a simple complain of
a chest pain typical for heart attack
the doctor is making ECG takes the blood
tests tells you no Aaron I’m happy to
tell you that you don’t have a heart
attack but you are carrying a gene the
carries high susceptibility to Alzheimer
disease to evolve in ten years Wow
I walked into the emergency room for
Hodges for a heart attack or four to
ruling out heart attack or for chest
pain and Here I am walking out with a
threatening awful disease what do I do
with the information do I tell my wife I
believe that yes of course she’s loyal
to me we have been married for a long
time but then do I tell my employer
that’s a much more complicated issue and
do I tell my insurance agent will he
revoke my insurance well that’s another
complicated issue and the most
complicated issue is what do I tell my
children they may be carriers of the
gene as well and they are not me they
don’t have families yet they are in high
school just started the dating game
girlfriend or a boyfriend just started a
family what they are going to do with
this information
well I’m very optimistic and very
optimistic because if we think of the
history of Science and History at large
it’s always the problem that preceded
the solution we cannot solve a problem
without defining it first and already
here we have a solution behind the scene
and the solution is another technology
that is also problematic because every
solution raises ten more questions and
that’s the old Hebrew saying that says
ma ba da ma Betty Agha the one who is
more knowledgeable he’s also more
troubled and the solution is a technical
solution that called CRISPR cos shall
not go again into the technicalities
birth we are able today to take a
disease gene a mutated gene and with a
pair of scissors well metaphoric
scissors cut it away throw it out and
replace it with a healthy gene well that
looks like ideal but it brings other
problems the other problems are what is
a disease a disease until now is
something that is a situation that we
cannot get up in the morning and go to
work
we are feverish we are weak we
move we call seek a new disease maybe is
that the woman is carrying during a
pregnancy a blonde boy and she doesn’t
like blonde hair she wants the gene to
be replaced with a black one with a
black hair boy well that’s not such a
big problem but think about manipulating
genetic characteristics think about the
huge power that we are going to have
with this technique but again the beauty
of it that knowledge is endless that’s
the beauty of knowledge knowledge just
expense
there will be no day in our history that
we shall know everything on the contrary
the more we live the less we shall know
and that will keep the challenge open
forever thank you very much
[Applause] [Music]
200 2013 Angelina Jolie this wonderful
and talented American actress has
undergone an operation to remove her two
breasts two years laters in March of
2015 she has undergone another operation
now to remove her two ovaries why did
she do it she did it because her mother
her aunt the sister of her mother and
her grandmother died successively from
two diseases
breast cancer in ovarian cancer and she
suspected that she is carrying a gene
that when mutated is leading resulting
in these diseases in the genus called
bracha one breast cancer number one she
has undergone a genetic test and she was
found indeed to be positive for the
mutated gene what did she do
practically personally she removed a
ticking bomb from her body
that was out to explode 80% o to explode
80% chances of getting breast cancer and
40% which is very high chances of
getting ovarian cancer which we all know
is a deadly disease what did she do
publicly and maybe unknowingly she
ushered in the third revolution of
medicine which we all call now the
revolution of personalized or precise
medicine what is personalized she
Angelina Jolie has the mutation not on
women that have breast cancer have this
mutation actually rather a small group
so that’s personal precise because we
are able to diagnose exactly the
mutation that lead to those two diseases
actually this revolution the third
revolution
have additional three-piece – we talked
already about personal personalized and
precise the additional three are
predictive we can predict the disease
actually she knew that she is going to
have the disease in the future and
therefore she can prevent the disease by
taking the appropriate measures and last
but not least the participatory part gun
are the days that the doctor is the
patron of our body the patient himself
or herself takes responsibility for his
or her own faith you can imagine the
weight of the disease for this woman or
any woman to remove the womanhood the
symbol of womanhood from her body by
that she truly assured this revolution
what is the revolution in general
revolution is a paradigm shift we are
changing the way that we have behaved
until now in a radical way why
revolutions are coming in science and
anywhere one because we are not
satisfied with what we are doing and to
the technology allows us to move forward
we need these to condition the
dissatisfaction and the technology that
will be on our side in order to move
forward but let’s go back a little bit
it all starts with a dream at the end of
the day we are running by dreams to
remain young forever to remove the word
aging from our vocabulary and most
importantly to cure all diseases to live
young and healthy and to remove even
this full fearful disease from our world
is this dream possible at all well when
we look into history I can tell you that
we are doing or we have done the first
steps whether we shall be able to make
the next steps is still doubtful
let’s think about history a little bit
100 years ago that our
of the 20th century people lived on the
average 50 years 55 years people died of
infections of bubonic plague of polio of
cholera woman died during delivery in
order for family to have two children
the woman has to give birth to ten
children to seven children
nowaday we can raise one single children
with one birth in one century one
century we were able to increase
lifespan by thirty years let take this
number even further down the road let’s
think about the Romans the Egyptians the
Greeks four thousand years ago people
were living on the average twenty-five
to thirty years it took four thousand
years in order to increase life time by
merely twenty years in all of a sudden
one single magic century the 20th
century thirty more years were added to
our lives and we are still keep on
climbing what happened in the twentieth
century many things did happen in the
20th century mostly science and
technology vaccinations we removed all
the epidemics from our lives polio was
gone cholera was gone bubonic plague was
gone
pertussis was gone antibiotics we are
able to fight infections Imaging
Engineering came to our help
initially roentgen but then CT scan and
MRI we can now follow from the outside
of the body the body actions from the
very outside by looking by using very
sophisticated devices and we are still
keep on running very soon we shall be
able to replace tissues now we are doing
it with metals we can replace joints we
can replace heart valves but very soon
we shall be able to use soft tissues
once we shall have diabetes when the
pancreas doesn’t secret anymore insulin
we shall take embryonic cells reprogram
them to risa creat insulin and put them
back into the patient and for those of
you are not aware diabetes is the number
one epidemic of the Western
world for patient that are suffering
from Parkinson disease this disease that
we are trembling that we cannot
stabilize our organ we cannot write we
cannot eat we cannot cut our food we
cannot button our shirts we cannot dry
ourselves after the shower we shall be
able to take the brain cells that
secrete this stabilizing material and
have gone already have been degenerated
reprogram embryonic cells to reset rate
this material put them back into the
patient and move on so it’s science
technology and medicine but along with
it is coming the typical device that we
have been used for ever and these are
the drugs the drug that we are buying in
the pharmacy and now we are entering the
third revolution as I mentioned to you
but let’s go back a little bit to the
first revolution and the first
revolution was the revolution of
serendipity those drugs blockbuster
drugs were discovered by complete
serendipity think about the aspirin
aspirin initially was used to remove
fever and to remove pain but now aspirin
is number one drug to prevent heart
attack to prevent clogging of blood in
the arteries that lead blood to the
heart itself which cause us to just drop
dead from a heart attack god forbid
number one preventer of heart attacks
it’s number one prevent or now of cancer
without going into too sophisticated
mechanism aspirin is now number one came
up preventive drug to prevent many types
of cancer how aspirin was discovered by
the old Egyptians 4000 years ago the
leaves of the willow bark it hava that
grew up on the banks of the nile river
were very bitter to chew but their
rejections noted that while chewing them
you can relieve pain then it took four
thousand years buyer in germany
developed the drug to become initially
against fever and inflammation and
10 20 years ago to become the best
anticoagulant and best mo preventive for
cancer think about penicillin the first
antibiotic I cannot imagine the world of
medicine today without antibiotics
penicillin was discovered by complete
serendipity by Sir Alexander Fleming a
British scientist that bloated that
fungi and bacteria cannot grow together
there is always a distance between the
two of them when they grow on the same
dish and he surmised that the fungus
secretes a material that he called an T
against BIOS life it was all
serendipitous observation that really
saved millions and millions of lives
during the recent history
so the first revolution serendipity you
trust me that we cannot live on
serendipity when we are trying to cure
dry diseases serendipity you know either
it comes or it doesn’t come the second
revolution was the revolution of
chemistry and what we called
high-throughput screening let me just
explain it to you in a very simple
language there are numerous chemicals
available today millions of different
chemicals that were synthesized during
different processes and on the other
hand we developed very simple model for
diseases we can have cells that secrete
cholesterol which will mimic heart
attack we can have cancer cells that
grow in the dish that mimic cancer and
we can just match the two we take one
chemical after one chemical after the
other chemical and try them one by one
by one by one until one will stop the
growth of the tumor imagine that you are
leaving home and forget the key behind
you what you are doing you are calling
the company and the company typically in
the old days would have come with
thousand to 500 kids one of them will
open the door
why because the company is making so
many kids so did evolution made so many
shapes that one of them will be fitted
by a typical chemical so this was half a
serendipity this was what I call non
intelligent screening but many very
useful drugs were discovered by this
method statins for example the
blockbuster drug that is sold by
billions of dollars a year to
reduce the level of cholesterol for
patient that are suffering from high
cholesterol that lead to heart attack
was discovered by seven by this type of
screening a Japanese scientist by the
name of Akira endo just screamed a
library we call it a library of a
hundred thousand chemicals natural
products coming from Japan and he found
one of them that we lower the production
of cholesterol and shortly after it
became a blockbuster drug so why not to
screen and screen and screen and screen
until we find q2 all diseases well we
cannot do it the reason is that we are
human beings we are doing it screening
is carried out on a simple disease
models and human beings are much more
complex than these simple disease models
we are men and women we are tall and low
we are fat and a little bit or big to be
politically correct and thin we are
living in different climates but mostly
we are equipped with a different genetic
repertoire we cannot even transfuse
blood to one another we have eight type
of Bloods we need to be sure that we are
transfusing the same very type of blood
to a patient in the operation theater
not to say transplanting a kidney that’s
1/2 a million not to say transplanting
bone-marrow this is one to ten million
and we need to make magic so we are very
different from one another therefore
there is no wonder the disease’s behave
very different in us the same so-called
disease will behave very different in
different people if we take a group of
people that is diagnosed in the same day
with prostate cancer men breast cancer
woman Alzheimer doesn’t matter what any
disease and we follow them along the
time we see that they split some of them
are cured and some of them either remain
chronic patients or unfortunately pass
away they split and the question is how
do we know how can we predict what’s
going on there
how we can tell the patient or how we
can better treat the patient that we
know is going to belong to the worsening
group via the DNA now we have a chip
that we can diagnose on the chip the
exact mutation the exact cause that
leads to the disease and what happened
is that a new oral discovered for us
what we call breast cancer is not a
disease anymore it’s actually a group of
numerous diseases that are caused by
numerous mutation what we call prostate
cancer heart attack excess of
cholesterol any disease is actually just
a name for a symptom let me just use a
very simple example take a car that you
cannot ignite in the morning well that’s
the symptoms that’s the disease but the
reason can be an empty battery the
reason can be wet sparks the reason can
be god forbid that you forgot to feel
oil into the engine and the cylinders
got stuck in their barrels and it can be
just simple you forgot to fill it with
glass there is no gas in there so there
is a cause if you’ll take a car that
doesn’t have a battery and change the
sparks it will still not turn on so
think about the diseases the same very
problem and the problem is that our
ability to read the information came out
only in 2000 exactly in April of 2000
the human genome what makes us what we
are was become available only in 2000 it
was a huge multinational effort they
took seven hundred million dollars seven
hundred million dollars and seven years
of work and within the last 15 years or
16 years from 2000 until now we were
able to shrink the distance from 700
million dollar to less than five
thousand dollars and from seven years to
about an hour we are able now to
sequence the DNA of each and every one
of us within an hour or two with the
cost of $5,000 and within a year or two
this will be reduced even to five
hundred dollars basically a head scan
MRI a little bit routine on a little bit
expensive side of the routine that’s the
achievement of medicine and what it
brings with us it brings
exactly the third revolution the
revolution of personalized medicine and
the revolution of personalized medicine
is of course embedded in our DNA but not
only in our DNA you know the DNA is just
the beginning it’s the root DNA is
making RNA and RNA is making proteins
and we’re now developing in parallel a
whole set of technologies which are
called omics the genomics the
transcriptomics the metabolomics and we
are able to profile each and every one
of us with the exact profile that will
pinpoint to the reason of the disease
but here come the price that we have to
pay for this lunch that until few
minutes ago you all thought it’s free
there are no free lunches and there are
many prices for this lunch one price is
obviously the pharma companies they hate
it because the same market of breast
cancer will be now divided to ten
different breast cancer and the so for
prostate cancer and for every other
disease and they will have to develop
many more drugs for the same market
share so economically they don’t like it
until now they enjoyed what we call the
market of the blockbusters the assault
drugs for billions of dollars even
though the drug didn’t help the patients
or help them only nicely but what could
they do that’s the only drug that was
for choice for them so you take it then
you say ok even the little may help so
this is one issue but the other issue is
the ethical issue and the ethical issue
is exactly the ethical issue that I
pointed out with Angelina Jolie it’s the
knowledge of what we are having do we
want to know it don’t we want to know do
we have a choice whether we want to know
it or don’t want to know it actually we
are not going to have a choice it’s
going to be a routine test in the
hospital and I can tell you just one
example me I’ll tell you about myself
it’s not a true one you walk into the
emergency room with a simple complain of
a chest pain typical for heart attack
the doctor is making ECG takes the blood
tests tells you no Aaron I’m happy to
tell you that you don’t have a heart
attack but you are carrying a gene the
carries high susceptibility to Alzheimer
disease to evolve in ten years Wow
I walked into the emergency room for
Hodges for a heart attack or four to
ruling out heart attack or for chest
pain and Here I am walking out with a
threatening awful disease what do I do
with the information do I tell my wife I
believe that yes of course she’s loyal
to me we have been married for a long
time but then do I tell my employer
that’s a much more complicated issue and
do I tell my insurance agent will he
revoke my insurance well that’s another
complicated issue and the most
complicated issue is what do I tell my
children they may be carriers of the
gene as well and they are not me they
don’t have families yet they are in high
school just started the dating game
girlfriend or a boyfriend just started a
family what they are going to do with
this information
well I’m very optimistic and very
optimistic because if we think of the
history of Science and History at large
it’s always the problem that preceded
the solution we cannot solve a problem
without defining it first and already
here we have a solution behind the scene
and the solution is another technology
that is also problematic because every
solution raises ten more questions and
that’s the old Hebrew saying that says
ma ba da ma Betty Agha the one who is
more knowledgeable he’s also more
troubled and the solution is a technical
solution that called CRISPR cos shall
not go again into the technicalities
birth we are able today to take a
disease gene a mutated gene and with a
pair of scissors well metaphoric
scissors cut it away throw it out and
replace it with a healthy gene well that
looks like ideal but it brings other
problems the other problems are what is
a disease a disease until now is
something that is a situation that we
cannot get up in the morning and go to
work
we are feverish we are weak we
move we call seek a new disease maybe is
that the woman is carrying during a
pregnancy a blonde boy and she doesn’t
like blonde hair she wants the gene to
be replaced with a black one with a
black hair boy well that’s not such a
big problem but think about manipulating
genetic characteristics think about the
huge power that we are going to have
with this technique but again the beauty
of it that knowledge is endless that’s
the beauty of knowledge knowledge just
expense
there will be no day in our history that
we shall know everything on the contrary
the more we live the less we shall know
and that will keep the challenge open
forever thank you very much
[Applause] [Music]
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