well you all know about black holes and
in the next 18 minutes we are going to
decipher the reality behind Michael
astronomers have certainly discovered
very ultra massive and compact objects
in the sky and apparently there are good
reasons to believe that those objects
are like holes we appreciate this we
revisit another very compact exotic
object start known as neutron star
a neutron star could be more massive
than Sun but its radius with the only 10
kilometers which is the size of the
small city so it is so compact his
gravity is very strong the acceleration
due to gravity on the surface of an
infested would be millions and million
times larger than what we find on earth
and whenever starts are compressed they
have some magnetic field that magnetic
field gets amplified very rapidly so
neutron stars have magnetic field
trillion times more than Sun has and
with this enormous magnetic field when
it rotates it generates very powerful
electric field this electric field
accelerates electrons photons and they
radiate infant neutron stars spinning
they produces pulses of very strong
radio waves and here known as was the
fastest but what holds an interest rate
stable against the strong gravity
neutron stars comprise of you come when
neutrons are actively there there is a
very repulsive force whose origin is
quantum mechanics so it is this quantum
repulsion which holds them stable but
that has a limit if a neutron star would
tend to be more massive than three solar
masses then gravity wins and this
repulsion cannot hold its contracted it
is believed then it will contact a point
and you form a black hole and black
holes cannot be only three four solar
masses they could have arbitrary solar
and wheat really massive that is why we
believe those compact or
it’s our vehicles do receive many fancy
illustrations of black holes by
definition they’re a single point mass
you’ll see at the center so that was the
first solution were Einstein’s general
theory of relativity and the rate sphere
you see it is actually imaginary there
is nothing it’s really except that point
it’s all rectum but within the red
sphere the gravity is so strong the
light cannot escape and the red sphere
is called red horizon but many odd
things happen physically or
mathematically at this red sphere and
inside it even funnier things happen as
if space becomes time times become space
mathematically we can do anything but
physically this is incomprehensible even
now that is why Albert Einstein the
founder of general relativity did not
believe in black holes feel his death
neither did most of the other founding
fathers of relativity but later
mathematical relativist came and they
told that we can do some mathematical
dressing on that red sphere and it would
look all hunky-dory and then it should
be a real object but this is going on
no expressing their objections that
there are a lot on physical things and
if this is 1962 paper by Paul Dirac who
is one of the finest theoretical
physicists he well and of course a Nobel
laureate so in 1962 is telling that all
the stars which are contacting the black
hole radius is called to him M is the
mass of the point mass it cannot
continue cannot contact them up to M it
has to be larger and you can think
mathematically there is a point but in
physics real in reverse there is no
point
hence no black holes similar thing was
the spoken by Albert Einstein now I have
jumped into a 1980 development so
mathematicians told that when you do
mathematical dressing the red sphere it
becomes so nice no physical quantity can
diverge there but in 1981 a simple paper
showed that acceleration due to gravity
actually blows up there so it is a kind
of
chuckles single lightly contrary to what
they told and next year mathematicians
had or also telling that it is so
irregular and so observe astronaut is
dipping diving into a black hole he
won’t notice anything but next year at
this paper showed that we are really
huge observed many physical quantity is
going here and he can be hit the black
hole so twenty two wheelers a black hole
paradigm Hill one should have been there
should have been rethinking about black
holes but it did not happen it was
already very powerful paradigm and big
boys were in the game so this is I am
jumping see this is 1988 paper by famous
Indian astrophysicist Jonathan R liquid
and his student husband Evan now they
are telling there is so much conceptual
problems with black holes that it is
only of academic interest and in real
universe should Colin leak was a black
holes where does quasi black holes stars
which are almost as compact as black
holes but just greater than radius twin
and they are not vacuum there fool like
Swan is fool neutron star is fool there
is no singularity but they could not
show how it should form see this is one
year old paper after 100 years this is
with the sky and telescope very famous
magazine you are wondering what is
inside black hole you are telling you
all knew everything about 100 years back
and there is all it is ocean of
confusion now this is a paper even
published later probably six months
earlier that they are telling to event
horizons found that rates fear is for
event horizon do black holes form and
the conclusion is known the reasons have
been actually always questioning
concept of black holes but now you may
say but 2016 gravitational waves are
detected from black holes that confirmed
like holes this is misrepresentation of
facts by the authors and also by the
media this report came in 11th February
2016 and I immediately had email
correspondence with the LIGO team and I
told them you have detected
gravitational waves that is fine but you
have no detective black holes they must
be because of quasi black holes this
discussion was of course inconclusive
and
then after six after six weeks a paper
got published in Physical Review later
we’re in Spanish relativist they told
that maybe like Oh signal is correct
but it need not be from black holes it
could be from whatever called quasi
black holes so even black holes have not
been really fully detected no 1988 1998
onwards me and my American colleague
started working on we for the first time
is the history claim that we relativity
actually does not allow formation of
exact black holes
how did we tell this thing see firstly
imagine there is a black hole the red
line is there what I showed don’t
relativity you know that white moves
with the highest which see we call
trajectory of light very special light
like but other particles having mass
they always move with the speed less
than C and their trajectory is called
time like I showed that if a particle is
falling towards the event horizon red
line then time like trajectory of
changing to light like which is not
allowed by relativity so there are two
possibilities I can always say that
there is not like then dude say about
there an exact solution of black holes
then the catch is that so black hole
that solution comes as an integration
constraint our trim that mass of the
black hole must be zero if it happens
then the particle never arrives at the
black hole actually a means equal to
zero of black holes a neighbor form why
this is a natural result because black
holes at the ultimate ground state of
matter and in the engineering students
no ground state energy is the minimum an
ultimate ground state it is the ultimate
minimum which is e is equal to zero and
even with everybody has hard of
economists have also hard G is equal to
MC square if E is equal to zero then you
have a m– is equal to zero so this is
an external result similarly I showed if
a star is collapsing
its matter from time like it would
become light like which is not allowed
so no black holes only quasi black holes
and if at all mathematically aim is the
parity of zero black hole now there’s
somebody tell no no his papers are crap
we don’t buy them
but then I found 40 years before a
friends well it
we found the same result he is telling
whatever you see as a sphere that is
actually point foods implication is that
2 m 0 m is equal to 0 now somebody say
even then we buy Louisville’s result
then also I can convince you one minute
suppose some quantities there X whatever
it is it is proportional to M the mass
of the pointless and if somebody tells
no no that X is also 0
then what is the solution invisible to
you it does not require much
intelligence M is equal to 0 and this
technically this X is something called a
Ricci scalar point must physically it
should be proportional to the mass and
what black hole is a vacuum solution and
it is derived by starting point is X is
0 so definitely exact vehicle mass is 0
and there is another reason why people
believe in black holes in 1939 two
American physicists open Haven and
Snyder try to solve the collapse of bla
star using relativity and that
apparently showed that black holes can
form but in the paper to solve equation
they said pressure is equal to 0
everything as pressure and they weren’t
that we are taking very unrealistic real
assumption and in Realty there shouldn’t
be any singularity but that warning was
ignored and people told everybody has
found a black hole and so up turn 72
years I wrote two papers telling that
when you say pressure is equal to 0 your
density also is 0 tacitly
so mass is 0 so actually there is no
full absolute is all mathematical
illusion but again if you insist
mathematically we have a black hole dead
black hole is M is equal to 0 which is
the ground state now then what is the
catch so what are those compact objects
in the sky
so catch is that earlier we started with
the thing that only quantum repulsion
can stop collapse this was not true
radiation pressure can also stop
fuller’s radiation has a repulsive
effect and in principle astrophysics we
know there is Eddington limit if an
object is luma nating so much Eddington
limit then radiation pressure exactly
counters black holes who have a statics
State and you have a collapse must stop
and 1960s this was discussed by French
very famous resist Fred Hoyle and
William Fowler in her William Fowler
she had Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983
with trans are shaken but they did in
Newtonian paradigm so I extended it to
general relativity and now general
relativity’s we say the space that light
moves in couch light can be card because
space-time is curved now light is curved
and if the star is compact then this
curvature becomes more it gets spent
more and more and now you see two lines
in ER that yellow line is R is equal to
2m that is the event horizon but beyond
that he will not write is equal to 3 M
already gravity is so strong that
radiation quanta light can move in cloud
was this is called photon sphere now
what are the effects if it said that
this happens like this whenever it
starts actually collapse they become
water and they must emit radiation now
when they are emitting radiation for a
star like Sun it does not have much
gravity the radiation goes almost a
straight lines but for a neutron star it
is fairly compact and it is slightly
bent radiation but when you go to the
photons here radiation is almost
everything is falling inside the star
and when radiation falls inside the star
it becomes even more water and hotter so
we have shown that before it becomes R
is equal to 3 M already attacked inside
into a luminosity so that means by
definition full of the stopped you have
a quasi static state not a black hole
but that is not the end of the story
because if in taraji it is not exactly
pulsed it is still emitting radiation
little bit when it is emitting radiation
it is also slightly contracting very
slowly and this contraction we have
shown goes indefinitely eternally hence
I called such objects extremely hot
massive objects eternally contracting or
eternally collecting object at the same
time I told whenever starts full of
magnetic field gets amplified the
sequel’s are much more compact than even
neutron star therefore I predicted that
they should be magnetized even much more
thousand times more than neutron stars
and fills me and my American
collaborators from their magnetospheric
eternally collapsing object and this
should go ultimately to the ground state
is equal to zero that means M is equal
to zero but it is asymptotically
actually never attained and they tell
the black holes are the absolute he is a
bee’s gravitational piece this is not
exactly true because black hole idea is
that everything margin to your point
quickly then space-time gets snapped and
matter is trapped here in contrast what
we are showing the star contacts in
become compact space times become deeper
then again more gravity it leaves him in
more so this becomes a rounder process
eternal process can see generally
collapsing object so what we have shown
on the one side left side you see the
actual black hole mathematical single
point and vacuum it was no fire no
matter no magnetic field and what we
should write side it is a compact thing
like a Sun at a strong magnetic field it
is full there is no single IT and that
is what we require in astrophysics now
my American colleagues have been showing
from 2002 onwards that many
Astrophysical black holes are supposed
to be actually MCOs because they are
evidences in directives wrong magnetic
field you know 2006 there are many
papers I am showing just to 2006
they present it much direct evidence
that very massive object phasor has a
magnetized central object and that it is
likely to Meco this was so important
research the Center for university
Harvard had a press release on it
maybe the only press release on any
Indian research and these press release
in one line just admitted that the
original idea original
came from an Indian faces come on Indian
fizzes now after that there have been
more direct evidences of strong magnetic
fields around black holes this is an
unexpected result because black holes
are no magnetic field ideal buckles and
if these papers were this results were a
reducible result they would not be
published in scientific journals Nature
fines but these waffles do not admit
that they are basically Michaels they
cannot now it’s too precious years so
they do hand arriving and almost
self-contradictory my men I try to
explain strong black magnetic fields in
the black hole Faraday now this was the
press release I showed you and now again
I come back to art I said the MCOs are
ultra compact form of sons no son
actually has really strong magnetic
field inside and it is a plasma ionized
matter and this combination makes it
unstable and often there is wind is
coming out and sometimes fire is leaping
out that is called solar flare and
sometimes there is massive outburst of
charged particles photons electrons and
that is known as coronal mass ejection
in 2015 una satellites was found that
come close vicinity of a so-called black
hole did Corona has erupted this cannot
be explained in black hole paradigm they
are a Cooum they have nothing but this
can be directly explained in terms of
Mako paradigm you have not understood
whatever I have told
then you should we go through my book
and this book would be published in few
months so to sum it up so black holes
are exact solutions but that solution is
illusory because that mass is zero then
massive compact object or something else
and what something else one can think
were quantum a gravity is some weird
things unknown things but I am telling
your relativity as the answer light and
radiation gets bent in gravity then the
trapped in gravity they must again
so-called Eddington luminosity the Y
definition they become static objects
and then there should be M is equal to 0
we ultimate contact ground state is e is
equal to MC square L 0 so your so-called
black holes are not black holes they are
magnetized objects compact objects MCOs
thank you [Applause]
in the next 18 minutes we are going to
decipher the reality behind Michael
astronomers have certainly discovered
very ultra massive and compact objects
in the sky and apparently there are good
reasons to believe that those objects
are like holes we appreciate this we
revisit another very compact exotic
object start known as neutron star
a neutron star could be more massive
than Sun but its radius with the only 10
kilometers which is the size of the
small city so it is so compact his
gravity is very strong the acceleration
due to gravity on the surface of an
infested would be millions and million
times larger than what we find on earth
and whenever starts are compressed they
have some magnetic field that magnetic
field gets amplified very rapidly so
neutron stars have magnetic field
trillion times more than Sun has and
with this enormous magnetic field when
it rotates it generates very powerful
electric field this electric field
accelerates electrons photons and they
radiate infant neutron stars spinning
they produces pulses of very strong
radio waves and here known as was the
fastest but what holds an interest rate
stable against the strong gravity
neutron stars comprise of you come when
neutrons are actively there there is a
very repulsive force whose origin is
quantum mechanics so it is this quantum
repulsion which holds them stable but
that has a limit if a neutron star would
tend to be more massive than three solar
masses then gravity wins and this
repulsion cannot hold its contracted it
is believed then it will contact a point
and you form a black hole and black
holes cannot be only three four solar
masses they could have arbitrary solar
and wheat really massive that is why we
believe those compact or
it’s our vehicles do receive many fancy
illustrations of black holes by
definition they’re a single point mass
you’ll see at the center so that was the
first solution were Einstein’s general
theory of relativity and the rate sphere
you see it is actually imaginary there
is nothing it’s really except that point
it’s all rectum but within the red
sphere the gravity is so strong the
light cannot escape and the red sphere
is called red horizon but many odd
things happen physically or
mathematically at this red sphere and
inside it even funnier things happen as
if space becomes time times become space
mathematically we can do anything but
physically this is incomprehensible even
now that is why Albert Einstein the
founder of general relativity did not
believe in black holes feel his death
neither did most of the other founding
fathers of relativity but later
mathematical relativist came and they
told that we can do some mathematical
dressing on that red sphere and it would
look all hunky-dory and then it should
be a real object but this is going on
no expressing their objections that
there are a lot on physical things and
if this is 1962 paper by Paul Dirac who
is one of the finest theoretical
physicists he well and of course a Nobel
laureate so in 1962 is telling that all
the stars which are contacting the black
hole radius is called to him M is the
mass of the point mass it cannot
continue cannot contact them up to M it
has to be larger and you can think
mathematically there is a point but in
physics real in reverse there is no
point
hence no black holes similar thing was
the spoken by Albert Einstein now I have
jumped into a 1980 development so
mathematicians told that when you do
mathematical dressing the red sphere it
becomes so nice no physical quantity can
diverge there but in 1981 a simple paper
showed that acceleration due to gravity
actually blows up there so it is a kind
of
chuckles single lightly contrary to what
they told and next year mathematicians
had or also telling that it is so
irregular and so observe astronaut is
dipping diving into a black hole he
won’t notice anything but next year at
this paper showed that we are really
huge observed many physical quantity is
going here and he can be hit the black
hole so twenty two wheelers a black hole
paradigm Hill one should have been there
should have been rethinking about black
holes but it did not happen it was
already very powerful paradigm and big
boys were in the game so this is I am
jumping see this is 1988 paper by famous
Indian astrophysicist Jonathan R liquid
and his student husband Evan now they
are telling there is so much conceptual
problems with black holes that it is
only of academic interest and in real
universe should Colin leak was a black
holes where does quasi black holes stars
which are almost as compact as black
holes but just greater than radius twin
and they are not vacuum there fool like
Swan is fool neutron star is fool there
is no singularity but they could not
show how it should form see this is one
year old paper after 100 years this is
with the sky and telescope very famous
magazine you are wondering what is
inside black hole you are telling you
all knew everything about 100 years back
and there is all it is ocean of
confusion now this is a paper even
published later probably six months
earlier that they are telling to event
horizons found that rates fear is for
event horizon do black holes form and
the conclusion is known the reasons have
been actually always questioning
concept of black holes but now you may
say but 2016 gravitational waves are
detected from black holes that confirmed
like holes this is misrepresentation of
facts by the authors and also by the
media this report came in 11th February
2016 and I immediately had email
correspondence with the LIGO team and I
told them you have detected
gravitational waves that is fine but you
have no detective black holes they must
be because of quasi black holes this
discussion was of course inconclusive
and
then after six after six weeks a paper
got published in Physical Review later
we’re in Spanish relativist they told
that maybe like Oh signal is correct
but it need not be from black holes it
could be from whatever called quasi
black holes so even black holes have not
been really fully detected no 1988 1998
onwards me and my American colleague
started working on we for the first time
is the history claim that we relativity
actually does not allow formation of
exact black holes
how did we tell this thing see firstly
imagine there is a black hole the red
line is there what I showed don’t
relativity you know that white moves
with the highest which see we call
trajectory of light very special light
like but other particles having mass
they always move with the speed less
than C and their trajectory is called
time like I showed that if a particle is
falling towards the event horizon red
line then time like trajectory of
changing to light like which is not
allowed by relativity so there are two
possibilities I can always say that
there is not like then dude say about
there an exact solution of black holes
then the catch is that so black hole
that solution comes as an integration
constraint our trim that mass of the
black hole must be zero if it happens
then the particle never arrives at the
black hole actually a means equal to
zero of black holes a neighbor form why
this is a natural result because black
holes at the ultimate ground state of
matter and in the engineering students
no ground state energy is the minimum an
ultimate ground state it is the ultimate
minimum which is e is equal to zero and
even with everybody has hard of
economists have also hard G is equal to
MC square if E is equal to zero then you
have a m– is equal to zero so this is
an external result similarly I showed if
a star is collapsing
its matter from time like it would
become light like which is not allowed
so no black holes only quasi black holes
and if at all mathematically aim is the
parity of zero black hole now there’s
somebody tell no no his papers are crap
we don’t buy them
but then I found 40 years before a
friends well it
we found the same result he is telling
whatever you see as a sphere that is
actually point foods implication is that
2 m 0 m is equal to 0 now somebody say
even then we buy Louisville’s result
then also I can convince you one minute
suppose some quantities there X whatever
it is it is proportional to M the mass
of the pointless and if somebody tells
no no that X is also 0
then what is the solution invisible to
you it does not require much
intelligence M is equal to 0 and this
technically this X is something called a
Ricci scalar point must physically it
should be proportional to the mass and
what black hole is a vacuum solution and
it is derived by starting point is X is
0 so definitely exact vehicle mass is 0
and there is another reason why people
believe in black holes in 1939 two
American physicists open Haven and
Snyder try to solve the collapse of bla
star using relativity and that
apparently showed that black holes can
form but in the paper to solve equation
they said pressure is equal to 0
everything as pressure and they weren’t
that we are taking very unrealistic real
assumption and in Realty there shouldn’t
be any singularity but that warning was
ignored and people told everybody has
found a black hole and so up turn 72
years I wrote two papers telling that
when you say pressure is equal to 0 your
density also is 0 tacitly
so mass is 0 so actually there is no
full absolute is all mathematical
illusion but again if you insist
mathematically we have a black hole dead
black hole is M is equal to 0 which is
the ground state now then what is the
catch so what are those compact objects
in the sky
so catch is that earlier we started with
the thing that only quantum repulsion
can stop collapse this was not true
radiation pressure can also stop
fuller’s radiation has a repulsive
effect and in principle astrophysics we
know there is Eddington limit if an
object is luma nating so much Eddington
limit then radiation pressure exactly
counters black holes who have a statics
State and you have a collapse must stop
and 1960s this was discussed by French
very famous resist Fred Hoyle and
William Fowler in her William Fowler
she had Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983
with trans are shaken but they did in
Newtonian paradigm so I extended it to
general relativity and now general
relativity’s we say the space that light
moves in couch light can be card because
space-time is curved now light is curved
and if the star is compact then this
curvature becomes more it gets spent
more and more and now you see two lines
in ER that yellow line is R is equal to
2m that is the event horizon but beyond
that he will not write is equal to 3 M
already gravity is so strong that
radiation quanta light can move in cloud
was this is called photon sphere now
what are the effects if it said that
this happens like this whenever it
starts actually collapse they become
water and they must emit radiation now
when they are emitting radiation for a
star like Sun it does not have much
gravity the radiation goes almost a
straight lines but for a neutron star it
is fairly compact and it is slightly
bent radiation but when you go to the
photons here radiation is almost
everything is falling inside the star
and when radiation falls inside the star
it becomes even more water and hotter so
we have shown that before it becomes R
is equal to 3 M already attacked inside
into a luminosity so that means by
definition full of the stopped you have
a quasi static state not a black hole
but that is not the end of the story
because if in taraji it is not exactly
pulsed it is still emitting radiation
little bit when it is emitting radiation
it is also slightly contracting very
slowly and this contraction we have
shown goes indefinitely eternally hence
I called such objects extremely hot
massive objects eternally contracting or
eternally collecting object at the same
time I told whenever starts full of
magnetic field gets amplified the
sequel’s are much more compact than even
neutron star therefore I predicted that
they should be magnetized even much more
thousand times more than neutron stars
and fills me and my American
collaborators from their magnetospheric
eternally collapsing object and this
should go ultimately to the ground state
is equal to zero that means M is equal
to zero but it is asymptotically
actually never attained and they tell
the black holes are the absolute he is a
bee’s gravitational piece this is not
exactly true because black hole idea is
that everything margin to your point
quickly then space-time gets snapped and
matter is trapped here in contrast what
we are showing the star contacts in
become compact space times become deeper
then again more gravity it leaves him in
more so this becomes a rounder process
eternal process can see generally
collapsing object so what we have shown
on the one side left side you see the
actual black hole mathematical single
point and vacuum it was no fire no
matter no magnetic field and what we
should write side it is a compact thing
like a Sun at a strong magnetic field it
is full there is no single IT and that
is what we require in astrophysics now
my American colleagues have been showing
from 2002 onwards that many
Astrophysical black holes are supposed
to be actually MCOs because they are
evidences in directives wrong magnetic
field you know 2006 there are many
papers I am showing just to 2006
they present it much direct evidence
that very massive object phasor has a
magnetized central object and that it is
likely to Meco this was so important
research the Center for university
Harvard had a press release on it
maybe the only press release on any
Indian research and these press release
in one line just admitted that the
original idea original
came from an Indian faces come on Indian
fizzes now after that there have been
more direct evidences of strong magnetic
fields around black holes this is an
unexpected result because black holes
are no magnetic field ideal buckles and
if these papers were this results were a
reducible result they would not be
published in scientific journals Nature
fines but these waffles do not admit
that they are basically Michaels they
cannot now it’s too precious years so
they do hand arriving and almost
self-contradictory my men I try to
explain strong black magnetic fields in
the black hole Faraday now this was the
press release I showed you and now again
I come back to art I said the MCOs are
ultra compact form of sons no son
actually has really strong magnetic
field inside and it is a plasma ionized
matter and this combination makes it
unstable and often there is wind is
coming out and sometimes fire is leaping
out that is called solar flare and
sometimes there is massive outburst of
charged particles photons electrons and
that is known as coronal mass ejection
in 2015 una satellites was found that
come close vicinity of a so-called black
hole did Corona has erupted this cannot
be explained in black hole paradigm they
are a Cooum they have nothing but this
can be directly explained in terms of
Mako paradigm you have not understood
whatever I have told
then you should we go through my book
and this book would be published in few
months so to sum it up so black holes
are exact solutions but that solution is
illusory because that mass is zero then
massive compact object or something else
and what something else one can think
were quantum a gravity is some weird
things unknown things but I am telling
your relativity as the answer light and
radiation gets bent in gravity then the
trapped in gravity they must again
so-called Eddington luminosity the Y
definition they become static objects
and then there should be M is equal to 0
we ultimate contact ground state is e is
equal to MC square L 0 so your so-called
black holes are not black holes they are
magnetized objects compact objects MCOs
thank you [Applause]
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