in 1992 a 65 year old man by the name of
Herbert Weinstein strangled and threw
his wife out of his 12 story apartment
in New York City now mr. Weinstein was
often described as a loving and outgoing
person by his family members in fear but
during his actual testimony in court he
quickly admitted to his guilt and even
attempt to cover up the murders so that
it would look like a suicide but here’s
the thing mr. Weinstein has no criminal
history whatsoever and so this raised
serious questions about the mental
health of mr. Weinstein and even to the
point where his lawyers that were
defending him decided to get an MRI to
see what was truly going on inside the
mind of mr. Weinstein or the mind of a
killer and so these images appear or
asked for MRI scan of mr. Weinstein and
what they found is that it seems to be
some sort of object that seems to be
growing deep within his brain near the
frontal lobe and what this thing that’s
growing is actually a cyst and inside
the cyst it’s filled with cerebral
spinal fluid and over time this Siskin
begin to swell inside the brain and
cause serious neurological damage to the
brain and even shut down large parts of
the brain and in order to confirm this
finding the team then ran a PET scan and
what a PET scan does measures how well
the brain is functioning in different
areas and indeed what they found was
that the areas in which the cysts were
growing were also the areas in which
there was low to no brain activity so
now the question in court becomes
whether this low activity and mr.
Weinstein friend truly coincide with the
violence behavior we were seeing in him
I mean unfold I mean what was happening
is they didn’t know how to address this
issue and unfortunately due to a lack of
understanding of the brain during this
time period and the fact that PET scan
technologies were relatively new caused
the court and
to believe that there wasn’t enough
evidence to justify what mr. Weinstein
had done so as a result mr. Weinstein
ended up serving years in prison but
let’s take a step back let’s take a
hypothetical situation let’s imagine if
the surgical cyst in mr. Weinstein brain
was to be removed surgically and I mean
in theory mr. Weinstein would go back to
being himself right and if that was the
case who exactly would we be punishing
in court I mean a crime has been
committed but who’s the real criminal
and if he was to be excused of this
crime any criminal would any sort of
problems in the brain can be excused of
their crime and to further that
statement any person with any sort of
problems in their brain can be excused
of their responsibility and that’s
absolutely nonsense and that’s
ridiculous
so the question becomes where is the
line of self control in the human mind
and these were all questions that were
being asked during this case but were
also the very question that were setting
up the foundation for the field of neuro
epochs and today we know that the
frontal lobe is indeed in fact
responsible for many of the cognitive
skills that mr. Weinstein was missing
like emotional expressions
problem-solving and even critical
thinking and this makes sense because we
know that the brain develops from the
back to the front and what also helps to
explain why teenagers don’t always make
the best decision but on a serious note
I’m by no means trying to justify the
murder of mrs. Weinstein but rather
raise discussion on what’s best to be
done if this was to occur in another
case and I mean imagine if one of your
loved one or family members were all the
sudden to become a different person due
to some sort of cyst or tumor that was
going in the brain I mean what would you
do and I feel by raising under public
understanding of the brain and neurotic
will be better able to treat these I
mean will better be able to make more
informed decision and even treat
psychological issues that we once
thought were incurable and we’re in such
an age where the amount of information
we’re learning at the
learning about the brain its exponential
and so much that we don’t even
understand that the fact that it can
even change the norms of our society
questions that are being asked and
neuroethics are like what are the two
limits of stress and how will that
change the way business owners treat
their employees or how does an
individual truly learn will
revolutionize the field of teaching or
what is the role of artificial
intelligence in our society and how a
bat shape our future and these questions
are all deep and at the center of
discussion and neurotic but are only a
fraction of the hundreds of thousands of
questions that are being asked in this
field and in order to tackle these
questions we have to still learn a
little bit more about the brain and one
of the ways in which we’re doing this is
through the human connectome project and
the human connectome project is an
effort to map every single neuron and
the brain of 1500 patients from all
across the United States and from all
different backgrounds
this picture that you see up here is a
picture of someone’s brain or more
specifically the neural network and it’s
often referred to at the connectome now
what scientists are learning about this
connectome is that they are unique to an
individual even in twin so my brain your
brains or your family members brain or
your friends brain they’re all
completely different because of
different neural network that’s
happening I mean after all we’re all
different in our own way and so is the
beauty of diversity in the human race
but there’s some serious problem with
this project and some very scary
elements that are also coming out of it
another thing that we learned about
these connectome is that a simple
analysis of this connectome can actually
lead them to understand what field one
would be best at or not and I mean who
has access to this kind of information
and the way I see it there’s only two
outcomes that can occur one we could
easily begin to discriminate each other
and only allow the people who are the
best or naturally gifted to succeed in
the workforce or we can use it as a way
to help each other learn to learn more
about itself and improve it and the
other element is the idea that the brain
is merely just a series of complex
no pattern and these complex neural
patterns is what makes our personality
and makes us who we are who we are and
if we can understand how these neural
networks are interacting in the brain
through this project we can in theory
simulate this into a computer and then
in theory would also be able to create a
simulation of you and maybe even learn
more about you in the future and that
seems really exciting but there also
comes some serious controversy about
this project but the other idea is that
we can use it as a way as artificial
intelligence you know imagine you being
your own artificial intelligence that is
pretty cool right and whenever I use the
word artificial intelligence what’s the
things that happen that comes up to in
most people’s mind is our robots they’re
gonna take over our world and take our
job and kill us and these ideas are
often exaggerated in movies like The
Terminator Matrix and even iRobot and
although these ideas are exaggerated
they aren’t completely false either but
one thing we often fail to recognize is
that artificial intelligence has
actually been around for decades now and
it’s not a brand new thing at all
in fact in 1967 this computer was about
the size of a classroom and was designed
to play tic-tac-toe and this is one of
the first artificial intelligence we
were beginning to see fast-forward 40
years later deep blue defeated Kasparov
one of the world’s best chess player
during this time 2011 IBM Watson
defeated these two gentlemen who were
considered the world best jeopardy
players and jeopardy is a game that
requires more than just logical
reasoning and pattern recognition but
one that requires memory retention and
applicability and was generally the
first sign of general intelligence and
just last year google’s deepmind alphago
defeated the world best player in the
game go and the game go has more
possible moves than there are atoms in
this universe and you can see easily
that the power of artificial
intelligence is progressing
very very fast but it’s also progressing
to keep up with the amount of
information that we’re also learning in
fact every eighteen month the amount of
information that we’ve learned
discovered or research is doubling so
next year and next year in August the
amount of information that we’ve learned
discovered of research in that one
18-month period is more than the amount
of information than the entire history
of the human race that is a lot of
information that’s medical cases doctors
have to keep up with theories that
mathematicians and physicists have to
learn and technique that surgeons have
to master and there’s mainly just way
too much information for want to be
doing everything and the idea is that we
can use artificial intelligence to aid
us in this process and even increase our
knowledge about everything but will it I
mean if such information is available in
our reach what is the entire purpose of
learning anymore if any of mean any
questions that we have now can be showed
up in a device that’s the size of our
hand I mean will we as a society began
to value knowledge less and less and if
I was to ask any of you this questions
now I believe most of you would say
absolutely not I mean humans are always
curious endeavors and seek to learn more
about the world around us but what if I
was to tell you that you’re already a
victim of this how many of you have used
the GPS or have used one before okay you
guys are all victims a study just
recently came out and has shown that
people who use GPS s their hippocampus
is shrinking and the hippocampus is the
region of the brain that’s responsible
for a sense of direction and long-term
memory and when we’re using our GPS s to
listen to Siri or some Google Maps app
to tell us turned left we are not
practicing our sense of direction
anymore
and indeed that part of the brain begins
to shrink and in a way we’re actually
getting Dumber but the whole point of
technology and artificial intelligence
was to aid us and
smarter and there seems to completely
counteract what we what I just said but
I believe that artificial intelligence
has one of the greatest potentials put
aside all this I think that it will
allow us to learn more about ourselves
than ever before this picture that you
see on the left as a picture of the
neocortical column it’s a region of the
brain that’s responsible for thinking
learning and even dreaming and the
picture that you see on the right is the
picture of a neural network that was
created by an artificial intelligence
after learning a series of tasks and as
you can see these two mirrored these two
images almost mirror each other and this
revolutionary the artificial
intelligence will allow us to understand
how learning occurs at the neural level
and that will change the way we teach
and learn and improve our mind and this
is only one of many potential
applications of artificial intelligence
but it’s the way we decide as a society
how we want to go about this and never
ethics can see be seen as a very scary
field questions that are very difficult
to answer and face but I feel like we
should be looking at it with excitement
and passion because it’s a glimpse into
a future that I’m looking forward to are
you thank you
[Applause]
Herbert Weinstein strangled and threw
his wife out of his 12 story apartment
in New York City now mr. Weinstein was
often described as a loving and outgoing
person by his family members in fear but
during his actual testimony in court he
quickly admitted to his guilt and even
attempt to cover up the murders so that
it would look like a suicide but here’s
the thing mr. Weinstein has no criminal
history whatsoever and so this raised
serious questions about the mental
health of mr. Weinstein and even to the
point where his lawyers that were
defending him decided to get an MRI to
see what was truly going on inside the
mind of mr. Weinstein or the mind of a
killer and so these images appear or
asked for MRI scan of mr. Weinstein and
what they found is that it seems to be
some sort of object that seems to be
growing deep within his brain near the
frontal lobe and what this thing that’s
growing is actually a cyst and inside
the cyst it’s filled with cerebral
spinal fluid and over time this Siskin
begin to swell inside the brain and
cause serious neurological damage to the
brain and even shut down large parts of
the brain and in order to confirm this
finding the team then ran a PET scan and
what a PET scan does measures how well
the brain is functioning in different
areas and indeed what they found was
that the areas in which the cysts were
growing were also the areas in which
there was low to no brain activity so
now the question in court becomes
whether this low activity and mr.
Weinstein friend truly coincide with the
violence behavior we were seeing in him
I mean unfold I mean what was happening
is they didn’t know how to address this
issue and unfortunately due to a lack of
understanding of the brain during this
time period and the fact that PET scan
technologies were relatively new caused
the court and
to believe that there wasn’t enough
evidence to justify what mr. Weinstein
had done so as a result mr. Weinstein
ended up serving years in prison but
let’s take a step back let’s take a
hypothetical situation let’s imagine if
the surgical cyst in mr. Weinstein brain
was to be removed surgically and I mean
in theory mr. Weinstein would go back to
being himself right and if that was the
case who exactly would we be punishing
in court I mean a crime has been
committed but who’s the real criminal
and if he was to be excused of this
crime any criminal would any sort of
problems in the brain can be excused of
their crime and to further that
statement any person with any sort of
problems in their brain can be excused
of their responsibility and that’s
absolutely nonsense and that’s
ridiculous
so the question becomes where is the
line of self control in the human mind
and these were all questions that were
being asked during this case but were
also the very question that were setting
up the foundation for the field of neuro
epochs and today we know that the
frontal lobe is indeed in fact
responsible for many of the cognitive
skills that mr. Weinstein was missing
like emotional expressions
problem-solving and even critical
thinking and this makes sense because we
know that the brain develops from the
back to the front and what also helps to
explain why teenagers don’t always make
the best decision but on a serious note
I’m by no means trying to justify the
murder of mrs. Weinstein but rather
raise discussion on what’s best to be
done if this was to occur in another
case and I mean imagine if one of your
loved one or family members were all the
sudden to become a different person due
to some sort of cyst or tumor that was
going in the brain I mean what would you
do and I feel by raising under public
understanding of the brain and neurotic
will be better able to treat these I
mean will better be able to make more
informed decision and even treat
psychological issues that we once
thought were incurable and we’re in such
an age where the amount of information
we’re learning at the
learning about the brain its exponential
and so much that we don’t even
understand that the fact that it can
even change the norms of our society
questions that are being asked and
neuroethics are like what are the two
limits of stress and how will that
change the way business owners treat
their employees or how does an
individual truly learn will
revolutionize the field of teaching or
what is the role of artificial
intelligence in our society and how a
bat shape our future and these questions
are all deep and at the center of
discussion and neurotic but are only a
fraction of the hundreds of thousands of
questions that are being asked in this
field and in order to tackle these
questions we have to still learn a
little bit more about the brain and one
of the ways in which we’re doing this is
through the human connectome project and
the human connectome project is an
effort to map every single neuron and
the brain of 1500 patients from all
across the United States and from all
different backgrounds
this picture that you see up here is a
picture of someone’s brain or more
specifically the neural network and it’s
often referred to at the connectome now
what scientists are learning about this
connectome is that they are unique to an
individual even in twin so my brain your
brains or your family members brain or
your friends brain they’re all
completely different because of
different neural network that’s
happening I mean after all we’re all
different in our own way and so is the
beauty of diversity in the human race
but there’s some serious problem with
this project and some very scary
elements that are also coming out of it
another thing that we learned about
these connectome is that a simple
analysis of this connectome can actually
lead them to understand what field one
would be best at or not and I mean who
has access to this kind of information
and the way I see it there’s only two
outcomes that can occur one we could
easily begin to discriminate each other
and only allow the people who are the
best or naturally gifted to succeed in
the workforce or we can use it as a way
to help each other learn to learn more
about itself and improve it and the
other element is the idea that the brain
is merely just a series of complex
no pattern and these complex neural
patterns is what makes our personality
and makes us who we are who we are and
if we can understand how these neural
networks are interacting in the brain
through this project we can in theory
simulate this into a computer and then
in theory would also be able to create a
simulation of you and maybe even learn
more about you in the future and that
seems really exciting but there also
comes some serious controversy about
this project but the other idea is that
we can use it as a way as artificial
intelligence you know imagine you being
your own artificial intelligence that is
pretty cool right and whenever I use the
word artificial intelligence what’s the
things that happen that comes up to in
most people’s mind is our robots they’re
gonna take over our world and take our
job and kill us and these ideas are
often exaggerated in movies like The
Terminator Matrix and even iRobot and
although these ideas are exaggerated
they aren’t completely false either but
one thing we often fail to recognize is
that artificial intelligence has
actually been around for decades now and
it’s not a brand new thing at all
in fact in 1967 this computer was about
the size of a classroom and was designed
to play tic-tac-toe and this is one of
the first artificial intelligence we
were beginning to see fast-forward 40
years later deep blue defeated Kasparov
one of the world’s best chess player
during this time 2011 IBM Watson
defeated these two gentlemen who were
considered the world best jeopardy
players and jeopardy is a game that
requires more than just logical
reasoning and pattern recognition but
one that requires memory retention and
applicability and was generally the
first sign of general intelligence and
just last year google’s deepmind alphago
defeated the world best player in the
game go and the game go has more
possible moves than there are atoms in
this universe and you can see easily
that the power of artificial
intelligence is progressing
very very fast but it’s also progressing
to keep up with the amount of
information that we’re also learning in
fact every eighteen month the amount of
information that we’ve learned
discovered or research is doubling so
next year and next year in August the
amount of information that we’ve learned
discovered of research in that one
18-month period is more than the amount
of information than the entire history
of the human race that is a lot of
information that’s medical cases doctors
have to keep up with theories that
mathematicians and physicists have to
learn and technique that surgeons have
to master and there’s mainly just way
too much information for want to be
doing everything and the idea is that we
can use artificial intelligence to aid
us in this process and even increase our
knowledge about everything but will it I
mean if such information is available in
our reach what is the entire purpose of
learning anymore if any of mean any
questions that we have now can be showed
up in a device that’s the size of our
hand I mean will we as a society began
to value knowledge less and less and if
I was to ask any of you this questions
now I believe most of you would say
absolutely not I mean humans are always
curious endeavors and seek to learn more
about the world around us but what if I
was to tell you that you’re already a
victim of this how many of you have used
the GPS or have used one before okay you
guys are all victims a study just
recently came out and has shown that
people who use GPS s their hippocampus
is shrinking and the hippocampus is the
region of the brain that’s responsible
for a sense of direction and long-term
memory and when we’re using our GPS s to
listen to Siri or some Google Maps app
to tell us turned left we are not
practicing our sense of direction
anymore
and indeed that part of the brain begins
to shrink and in a way we’re actually
getting Dumber but the whole point of
technology and artificial intelligence
was to aid us and
smarter and there seems to completely
counteract what we what I just said but
I believe that artificial intelligence
has one of the greatest potentials put
aside all this I think that it will
allow us to learn more about ourselves
than ever before this picture that you
see on the left as a picture of the
neocortical column it’s a region of the
brain that’s responsible for thinking
learning and even dreaming and the
picture that you see on the right is the
picture of a neural network that was
created by an artificial intelligence
after learning a series of tasks and as
you can see these two mirrored these two
images almost mirror each other and this
revolutionary the artificial
intelligence will allow us to understand
how learning occurs at the neural level
and that will change the way we teach
and learn and improve our mind and this
is only one of many potential
applications of artificial intelligence
but it’s the way we decide as a society
how we want to go about this and never
ethics can see be seen as a very scary
field questions that are very difficult
to answer and face but I feel like we
should be looking at it with excitement
and passion because it’s a glimpse into
a future that I’m looking forward to are
you thank you
[Applause]
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