your opinion this photo is what it is
a transgenic fish that was created
to detect pollutants and the
fish you have under the eyes has been
exposed to an active substance that enters
in the composition of pills
contraceptives and his sexuality we have been
modified then is what you knew that
estrogen pills that one
found in the urine go in the
sewers the sewers in the rivers and
all this is found at sea and his pair
tubes most likely the sexuality of
fish second example creams
leap bronzing creams you know
all that when we go to the beach
you have to baste with cream
tanning to protect the skin of
sun burns
so these two examples what is it
shows us
and quite simply that the
advanced scientific knowledge that
could overtake fifty years ago
that the estrogens pills
contraceptives would most likely
an influence on sexual behavior
fish that could have thought that
the bronzing creams would have very
probably an influence on the
mortality idiots so this is the
first idea is that reality
evolved scientist with the
knowledge that one arles
take the example of the climate of
global warming the climate for
account
to understand it we must take
has several parameters of nature
very different
the composition of gases in the atmosphere
the
the wave wind regime the
formation of ice clouds
the biological interaction on land as
at sea
therefore the climate results from an interaction
of interactions of all kinds between
the atmosphere
the ocean is also the living the
factors causing warming
climate change are therefore multiple and very
complex it results from interaction that
with a domino effect that we would not
never could have imagined there are still some
years
hence the second idea is that
the environment like everything that is
complex and very difficult to understand
and we can not watch it with a
only end of the eyepiece
must cross your eyes to
understand the whole reality
so now let’s go further
the photo behind me is a
blue sky
you see well look at the picture
it’s blue acl blue hawaii sky in
middle of the pacific
photo de say 2006 of 1958
now look good this other
photo is still the blue sky of hawaii
in the middle of the Pacific in 2018
so in appearance there is no
difference both eyes are the same
exactly the same and well no this
are not the same heavens imagine a
second that we can color the gas
carbonic glass for example and well
at that moment this is the picture you
should have hawaiian sky in 2018
that’s just bah rose up
because between 1958
and 2018 the amount the concentration of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
dramatically increased that
as we know we know it because
scientists have done measurements
and we make curves and that’s the
curve that was produced
the killing curve is called
shows the increase in carbon dioxide
over the last 60 years in
the atmosphere is then to understand
the problem this poses requires that
scientists explains that this
increase in carbon dioxide is at
the origin of global warming
and that’s where the origin of
increased building celebrations
the greenhouse effect and that
precisely that which is at the origin of the
Global warming
hence the third idea is that the
reality is not necessarily first
a look
measures and instruments are needed
of measurement so now let’s come to my
personal experience me I am
seismologists scenographer I work at
ifremer I am interested in earthquakes
underwater
because most of the cdc’s
earthquake
actually instead at sea but since one
ten years I work on the
North Anatolian fault that spans
1500 km from the east of Turkey until
to greece and in the region
of istanbul the fault goes to sea and is
so and in this region of istanbul
populated with 15 million inhabitants
there were a lot of earthquakes during
past centuries
a lot of devastating earthquakes so
the challenge of our research
it is to study the fault understand
how they work to try
to assess the probability of occurrence of
next earthquake
7 hours so when we went to sea
with the small submersible nautilus of
the ifremer we saw that there was
oil that did would have along the
flaw but also that there was gas
who escape and by this fault is
so when we put our little ones
instruments was one seismometers
saw we understood and saw that a great
part of the earthquakes that were
recorded in fact were were
induced by this gas so some of the
signs that we thought originally
tectonic that is to say geological
in fact soon are related to the presence of
gas and that I think without going into the
details that changes a lot a lot
for the assessment of the seismic hazard
of the area in the area so all that
seems very simple because in euro one
had new data acquired
with very sophisticated means of
means the sea and so it was all to
natural normal that we find
results again obviously is in
any case a different new vision
of the one they had acquired
other seismologists who worked
with instruments deployed on the ground
but and data and that there were
much less accurate data and
yet yet it took us four
four years of fierce struggle for
publish its results that means for
make them accept which only by
the people who were in charge of them
assess
but also by the community
scientist who were working on this
subject for 15 years and who was
passed by what we had seen
since these results are published
so reality is perceived differently
hence the fourth idea is that the
intellectual reluctance that well
intellectual reluctance are very
difficult to overcome even in the
scientific community then the
new knowledge does not end
prevail because they thanks to this
verification validation system
publication of the results then
now you remember the cave
platoon of the allegory of the cave
platoon so men are chained
at the bottom of a cave
they do have never seen the sun sees
just a thin stream of light that
reaches 1 without knowing where
just
and they sit at the bottom of the cave
and they face the parish where he
sees shadows they are projected by a
fire that was fueling behind them and their
reality these are these shadows and a day 1c
prisoners pulled by force towards
the outside of the cave is there to your
notice what’s going on for him and
well at first they resist
irresistibly because they suffer
his eyes make him terribly he
was dazzled overwhelmingly dazzled by the
sunlight then at the end of a
moment he gets used to
he sees the reality outside the cave
so he goes back to get his friends
but when he comes back he actually gets
the worst reception is hostility
complete misunderstanding even
even though he announces that he has seen
flowers birds of the blue sky and
et cetera and so on
is because it is rejected because
that as we reject because we reject
everything that jostles you all that
Worth bothering so this is the 5th idea
it was not just our
appreciation of reality but it’s
also our acceptance of reality
who vary who
evolve according to knowledge
that we accept the realities
so now I’m going back to you
to climate affairs and I’m going to you
tell an uplifting anecdote that is
recently arrived in 2017
so only a year ago it was summer
gp i had the opportunity to see friends again
of youth
and that day it was hot very very
hot he knew as always in these
case we are talking about the warming
climatic
and there is an old friend a girl
very graduates very very very
smart very bright
we turn to me and tell me a
little to put me in connivance
but yes you will not tell me that you
do you believe these warming stories
climatic
you’re not going to tell me that you believe in
the man’s influence on the climate
it’s authentic and there during the
evening
I realized that in this
assembly of friends are today
for most leaders in
the industry well they thought like she
was not the only one to think like that
on the contrary
so I was stunned
first my friend asked the question
as if it was a question a
religion case but also but if
I question it but why
why so
are there still so many climato
skeptical about people my age
or so people who are mixed
killebrew why why is it so
difficult to make admit that man
is responsible for the climate
so while there is a consensus at
within the scientific community
so I talked about it to my 27 year old daughter who
will animate but not by ap ap ap ap ap ap
ap hm
the climatosceptics it’s all
nerdy or so conspiracy august
and creationism or cynics
sold to the industrial lobby
so I thought a lot
because neither my friend nor the friends there
he finally says does not fit in any of
these categories
so if the lobes so skeptics do not
are not all of the lobbyists is
Well, there is something else if they do not
are not all sold it is that he
there is something else where there is a lot of
reasons why we prefer to stay
in the cave
there is the comfort the preserve her
comfort there is flawless conformism
to the conservatism that is part of
human nature
of course there is the fear of recession
economic which is real ago
actually the lobby effect but he
there is something else and that’s what I
to come at it’s another thing it’s from
intellectual nature that is to say that
intellectuals did not understand and this
intellectual nature because these
lines and to teaching that people
my age molds one understands that the
people my agent got there 40 years ago
40 years in the preparatory classes he
there was the noble sciences the math the
physical that is to say the hard sciences
and then there was the rest of the sciences
soft at the time we knew nothing
we knew nothing is nothing nothing
none of all these interactions between
complex phenomena like I you
showed at first we still knew
nothing so it does not teach there is 40
years in teaching in schools
engineers were based
certainties while today we speak
of uncertainty and probability by
example if you are told if I tell you
that the man is very likely to
the origin of global warming
that makes sense this sentence and
scientist
this assertion and scientist when I
say most probably it’s a sense
because the words most likely have
a meaning if you are told for example that
if you drive at 200 km / h in a
Mountain street at night with
turning everywhere you go very
probably end up in the ravine this has
meaning because the accident is not certain
at 100% so the scientist who does his
work when he tells you very
probably it can be 99% it can
to be 99 9% but an honest scientist
we can not tell you 100%
hence the 6th year is that my daughter has
reason it’s a real question of
generation ie the new
generation is better armed than ours
better intellectually armed for
integrate the complexity of the world
so I come to the conclusion is that
the session
it’s not a fixed case of
dogma concept freeze science evolves
it’s not a matter of religion or
of belief
we are living a real revolution of
knowledge not concepts but of
knowledge and that it will be
truly by a revolution
scientific and intellectual and as
in any scientific revolution
it requires a field a real
paradigm shift
that is to say one
a change in our worldview
who will now govern who will
to prevail in all this in all
areas of thought and so and so he
hope there is hope that is to say that
the younger generation she is better armed
better educated to integrate this
paradigm shift
so she will know better than ours
observe nature in this self of his
complexity cross the eyes and
especially build solutions of
breaking real solutions of
breaking
so here is so young young people
generations who there it’s up to you to
to take things in hand is
really up to you to take things in
here and it’s really up to you to
we go out of the cave and now
the less young who are all there and
Well, it’s time for us to
the younger generation
[Applause]
[Music]
a transgenic fish that was created
to detect pollutants and the
fish you have under the eyes has been
exposed to an active substance that enters
in the composition of pills
contraceptives and his sexuality we have been
modified then is what you knew that
estrogen pills that one
found in the urine go in the
sewers the sewers in the rivers and
all this is found at sea and his pair
tubes most likely the sexuality of
fish second example creams
leap bronzing creams you know
all that when we go to the beach
you have to baste with cream
tanning to protect the skin of
sun burns
so these two examples what is it
shows us
and quite simply that the
advanced scientific knowledge that
could overtake fifty years ago
that the estrogens pills
contraceptives would most likely
an influence on sexual behavior
fish that could have thought that
the bronzing creams would have very
probably an influence on the
mortality idiots so this is the
first idea is that reality
evolved scientist with the
knowledge that one arles
take the example of the climate of
global warming the climate for
account
to understand it we must take
has several parameters of nature
very different
the composition of gases in the atmosphere
the
the wave wind regime the
formation of ice clouds
the biological interaction on land as
at sea
therefore the climate results from an interaction
of interactions of all kinds between
the atmosphere
the ocean is also the living the
factors causing warming
climate change are therefore multiple and very
complex it results from interaction that
with a domino effect that we would not
never could have imagined there are still some
years
hence the second idea is that
the environment like everything that is
complex and very difficult to understand
and we can not watch it with a
only end of the eyepiece
must cross your eyes to
understand the whole reality
so now let’s go further
the photo behind me is a
blue sky
you see well look at the picture
it’s blue acl blue hawaii sky in
middle of the pacific
photo de say 2006 of 1958
now look good this other
photo is still the blue sky of hawaii
in the middle of the Pacific in 2018
so in appearance there is no
difference both eyes are the same
exactly the same and well no this
are not the same heavens imagine a
second that we can color the gas
carbonic glass for example and well
at that moment this is the picture you
should have hawaiian sky in 2018
that’s just bah rose up
because between 1958
and 2018 the amount the concentration of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
dramatically increased that
as we know we know it because
scientists have done measurements
and we make curves and that’s the
curve that was produced
the killing curve is called
shows the increase in carbon dioxide
over the last 60 years in
the atmosphere is then to understand
the problem this poses requires that
scientists explains that this
increase in carbon dioxide is at
the origin of global warming
and that’s where the origin of
increased building celebrations
the greenhouse effect and that
precisely that which is at the origin of the
Global warming
hence the third idea is that the
reality is not necessarily first
a look
measures and instruments are needed
of measurement so now let’s come to my
personal experience me I am
seismologists scenographer I work at
ifremer I am interested in earthquakes
underwater
because most of the cdc’s
earthquake
actually instead at sea but since one
ten years I work on the
North Anatolian fault that spans
1500 km from the east of Turkey until
to greece and in the region
of istanbul the fault goes to sea and is
so and in this region of istanbul
populated with 15 million inhabitants
there were a lot of earthquakes during
past centuries
a lot of devastating earthquakes so
the challenge of our research
it is to study the fault understand
how they work to try
to assess the probability of occurrence of
next earthquake
7 hours so when we went to sea
with the small submersible nautilus of
the ifremer we saw that there was
oil that did would have along the
flaw but also that there was gas
who escape and by this fault is
so when we put our little ones
instruments was one seismometers
saw we understood and saw that a great
part of the earthquakes that were
recorded in fact were were
induced by this gas so some of the
signs that we thought originally
tectonic that is to say geological
in fact soon are related to the presence of
gas and that I think without going into the
details that changes a lot a lot
for the assessment of the seismic hazard
of the area in the area so all that
seems very simple because in euro one
had new data acquired
with very sophisticated means of
means the sea and so it was all to
natural normal that we find
results again obviously is in
any case a different new vision
of the one they had acquired
other seismologists who worked
with instruments deployed on the ground
but and data and that there were
much less accurate data and
yet yet it took us four
four years of fierce struggle for
publish its results that means for
make them accept which only by
the people who were in charge of them
assess
but also by the community
scientist who were working on this
subject for 15 years and who was
passed by what we had seen
since these results are published
so reality is perceived differently
hence the fourth idea is that the
intellectual reluctance that well
intellectual reluctance are very
difficult to overcome even in the
scientific community then the
new knowledge does not end
prevail because they thanks to this
verification validation system
publication of the results then
now you remember the cave
platoon of the allegory of the cave
platoon so men are chained
at the bottom of a cave
they do have never seen the sun sees
just a thin stream of light that
reaches 1 without knowing where
just
and they sit at the bottom of the cave
and they face the parish where he
sees shadows they are projected by a
fire that was fueling behind them and their
reality these are these shadows and a day 1c
prisoners pulled by force towards
the outside of the cave is there to your
notice what’s going on for him and
well at first they resist
irresistibly because they suffer
his eyes make him terribly he
was dazzled overwhelmingly dazzled by the
sunlight then at the end of a
moment he gets used to
he sees the reality outside the cave
so he goes back to get his friends
but when he comes back he actually gets
the worst reception is hostility
complete misunderstanding even
even though he announces that he has seen
flowers birds of the blue sky and
et cetera and so on
is because it is rejected because
that as we reject because we reject
everything that jostles you all that
Worth bothering so this is the 5th idea
it was not just our
appreciation of reality but it’s
also our acceptance of reality
who vary who
evolve according to knowledge
that we accept the realities
so now I’m going back to you
to climate affairs and I’m going to you
tell an uplifting anecdote that is
recently arrived in 2017
so only a year ago it was summer
gp i had the opportunity to see friends again
of youth
and that day it was hot very very
hot he knew as always in these
case we are talking about the warming
climatic
and there is an old friend a girl
very graduates very very very
smart very bright
we turn to me and tell me a
little to put me in connivance
but yes you will not tell me that you
do you believe these warming stories
climatic
you’re not going to tell me that you believe in
the man’s influence on the climate
it’s authentic and there during the
evening
I realized that in this
assembly of friends are today
for most leaders in
the industry well they thought like she
was not the only one to think like that
on the contrary
so I was stunned
first my friend asked the question
as if it was a question a
religion case but also but if
I question it but why
why so
are there still so many climato
skeptical about people my age
or so people who are mixed
killebrew why why is it so
difficult to make admit that man
is responsible for the climate
so while there is a consensus at
within the scientific community
so I talked about it to my 27 year old daughter who
will animate but not by ap ap ap ap ap ap
ap hm
the climatosceptics it’s all
nerdy or so conspiracy august
and creationism or cynics
sold to the industrial lobby
so I thought a lot
because neither my friend nor the friends there
he finally says does not fit in any of
these categories
so if the lobes so skeptics do not
are not all of the lobbyists is
Well, there is something else if they do not
are not all sold it is that he
there is something else where there is a lot of
reasons why we prefer to stay
in the cave
there is the comfort the preserve her
comfort there is flawless conformism
to the conservatism that is part of
human nature
of course there is the fear of recession
economic which is real ago
actually the lobby effect but he
there is something else and that’s what I
to come at it’s another thing it’s from
intellectual nature that is to say that
intellectuals did not understand and this
intellectual nature because these
lines and to teaching that people
my age molds one understands that the
people my agent got there 40 years ago
40 years in the preparatory classes he
there was the noble sciences the math the
physical that is to say the hard sciences
and then there was the rest of the sciences
soft at the time we knew nothing
we knew nothing is nothing nothing
none of all these interactions between
complex phenomena like I you
showed at first we still knew
nothing so it does not teach there is 40
years in teaching in schools
engineers were based
certainties while today we speak
of uncertainty and probability by
example if you are told if I tell you
that the man is very likely to
the origin of global warming
that makes sense this sentence and
scientist
this assertion and scientist when I
say most probably it’s a sense
because the words most likely have
a meaning if you are told for example that
if you drive at 200 km / h in a
Mountain street at night with
turning everywhere you go very
probably end up in the ravine this has
meaning because the accident is not certain
at 100% so the scientist who does his
work when he tells you very
probably it can be 99% it can
to be 99 9% but an honest scientist
we can not tell you 100%
hence the 6th year is that my daughter has
reason it’s a real question of
generation ie the new
generation is better armed than ours
better intellectually armed for
integrate the complexity of the world
so I come to the conclusion is that
the session
it’s not a fixed case of
dogma concept freeze science evolves
it’s not a matter of religion or
of belief
we are living a real revolution of
knowledge not concepts but of
knowledge and that it will be
truly by a revolution
scientific and intellectual and as
in any scientific revolution
it requires a field a real
paradigm shift
that is to say one
a change in our worldview
who will now govern who will
to prevail in all this in all
areas of thought and so and so he
hope there is hope that is to say that
the younger generation she is better armed
better educated to integrate this
paradigm shift
so she will know better than ours
observe nature in this self of his
complexity cross the eyes and
especially build solutions of
breaking real solutions of
breaking
so here is so young young people
generations who there it’s up to you to
to take things in hand is
really up to you to take things in
here and it’s really up to you to
we go out of the cave and now
the less young who are all there and
Well, it’s time for us to
the younger generation
[Applause]
[Music]
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