Translator: eric vautier Reviewer: Cristina Bufi-Pöcksteiner
Tonight,
I was offered a scene in a theater,
700 pairs of ears,
and I was asked to inspire.
(Laughter)
I said to myself :
” Why not ? It would be an opportunity to get out of my research lab,
to mix with the new human
and see the light of day. “
(Laughter)
So I decided to tell my story,
to help you better understand
the impact of science on the environment.
The story began seven years ago,
I was still in high school
about to choose a scientific branch,
when my math teacher came to me:
“Yousra
exchange sector,
science is too complicated for you. “
It hurt!
(Laughter)
But as I am a bit stubborn, I decided to do the exact opposite,
and leave an impact on the scientific world.
(Applause)
This does not stop me to ask me some questions.
And memory that had me most interpelée,
was, “Why is science so scared that? “
Two hypotheses came to my mind.
The first is fairly obvious;
it emanates from the fact that we humans
we tend to choose the most simple phenomena
and assign the most complicated words.
This contributed to the removal of a lot of us in the scientific world.
The second assumption is a little less obvious
and requires a bit deeper reflection.
Science, on the basis it was made to observe the environment,
predict its behavior,
to ensure the survival of our species.
But over the centuries,
it was increasingly distant from this goal then
and we went for a constructive purpose
a destructive purpose.
We combined science and industry,
have been developed more or less polluting science
we started to consume,
overeating,
but we made enough trouble to this planet
who welcomed us so far.
Before starting my engineering background,
when we spoke of materials,
science,
the only thing I could think of was this –
(Laughter)
but as and
as I learned more about the world of materials,
I understood that they are not very different from us humans.
In the kingdom of metals, for example,
we will find different social classes.
At the top of the pyramid, we will find the most noble metals;
they have it easy: you pay dearly to have them.
And gradually as one moves down the pyramid,
potential will decrease more
and at the base they will find the less noble metals,
such as titanium, magnesium, zinc, etc.
Metals can also be a character trait.
We will find, for example, capricious,
as semiconductors,
that will pass current in one direction,
but not the other.
We’ll find fragile as ceramics,
who will break into pieces at the first shock.
We will also find dedicated,
such as zinc
that will be used in the sacrificial rings,
for protecting steel against corrosion.
Who says different character traits
said also different social behaviors.
When you go to contact two metals, for example,
different things can happen.
In short, I’ll take two extreme examples:
or they will have a repulsive behavior
as it happens when we have two magnets with the same pole,
either they will have an attractive behavior
that is to say that they will attract the point of diffuse into each other.
This is what will enable us to achieve assemblies.
Now, what happens at the atomic scale,
is this:
we will imagine a material A,
and a second material that will call the material B.
You see the yellow atom in the middle,
– the hunk with glasses –
(Laughter)
he will realize that the neighboring atom is not that bad,
(Laughter)
and they will decide to come together,
when conditions permit.
By conditions, I mean
an elevated temperature, the presence of moisture,
the passage of current, for example.
(Laughter)
And they will decide to settle in neighborhoods Madam,
because it is nobler perhaps,
that his neighborhood is nice.
Except that when Mr going to move,
it will leave a void.
Now imagine that several pairs of atoms are formed.
Well,
more voids will form,
and the vacuum will build up,
to the point of appearing at the macroscopic scale.
Concretely, the material will deteriorate,
will disintegrate.
As a scientist,
we will play the role of border agent
that is to say, we will seek to regulate the passage of atoms.
We want to make a deposit.
Suddenly,
it does not matter if the material B deteriorates.
So, we will maximize the flow in one direction.
Either we will play the role of villain,
we know that atoms love themselves,
but will still separate,
because it can be dangerous for the structure.
Either we will be reasonable,
and we will balance the flow in one direction or the other.
And that’s what we will use to make connections,
inter alia, in electronics.
Now in my case,
the material A is copper,
material B is tin.
My problem is that tin is not as beautiful as that.
(Laughter)
And suddenly, Mrs. Copper does not want to get with him.
(Laughter)
So, what we do, we will try to cheat.
We’ll put her glasses, bow tie,
(Laughter)
we will add her perfume, and all that.
(Laughter)
And actually, it is the addition of lead.
Currently, it works well.
We arrive to make connections with it.
We arrive to lure Ms. Copper.
On the other hand,
lead is a heavy metal.
This is a heavy metal,
and this is what will make that part of your computer,
part of your phone,
– where there will be a presence of lead –
will be non-recyclable.
And who said non-recyclable said:
accumulation of waste, including electronic waste.
We talk about three million tons of electronic waste in 2020,
equivalent to 297 Eiffel Towers,
and 57 Titanic.
Now we have understood that it is not good to cheat,
we will do with what we have.
We will just make
the first meeting between Mrs. and Mr. Copper Tin
is as memorable as possible.
(Laughter)
That is to say, we will do so
the atmosphere is warm,
we will raise the temperature to 300 ° C.
(Laughter)
We’ll do a little acid wind
and will plunge into the empty time to time
until the passage of carbon is balanced,
in one way or another.
Then,
the atom pairs are formed,
will give rise to a first generation of atoms,
we will call Cu6Sn5,
then to a second generation of carbon,
Cu 3 Sn.
And these they are robust,
they have better properties than their parents,
and thus help ensure a connection that is as robust as possible.
Now, if I told you all this,
it is mainly to draw attention to the efforts
which are provided to the scientific level,
to overcome the mistakes of the past.
I know a lot of you –
say the majority, otherwise it would not be human –
We’re all frustrated by the fact that, worldwide,
nuclear weapons are used chemical weapons.
But we forget that each of us holds an equally destructive weapon,
that is the way we consume.
(Applause)
What I would like you to exit this room,
that the next time you try to make a new purchase,
imagine the whole process.
Imagine that we need to separate each material separately.
Imagine small boxes in which we will put these materials.
Each small box is intended for a way to recycle given,
more or less complex.
And keep in mind that somewhere
there are some that will not be recycled.
Because if we continue at this pace,
we will have all the gadgets you dream,
but it will have no planet to live.
Thank you.
(Applause)
Tonight,
I was offered a scene in a theater,
700 pairs of ears,
and I was asked to inspire.
(Laughter)
I said to myself :
” Why not ? It would be an opportunity to get out of my research lab,
to mix with the new human
and see the light of day. “
(Laughter)
So I decided to tell my story,
to help you better understand
the impact of science on the environment.
The story began seven years ago,
I was still in high school
about to choose a scientific branch,
when my math teacher came to me:
“Yousra
exchange sector,
science is too complicated for you. “
It hurt!
(Laughter)
But as I am a bit stubborn, I decided to do the exact opposite,
and leave an impact on the scientific world.
(Applause)
This does not stop me to ask me some questions.
And memory that had me most interpelée,
was, “Why is science so scared that? “
Two hypotheses came to my mind.
The first is fairly obvious;
it emanates from the fact that we humans
we tend to choose the most simple phenomena
and assign the most complicated words.
This contributed to the removal of a lot of us in the scientific world.
The second assumption is a little less obvious
and requires a bit deeper reflection.
Science, on the basis it was made to observe the environment,
predict its behavior,
to ensure the survival of our species.
But over the centuries,
it was increasingly distant from this goal then
and we went for a constructive purpose
a destructive purpose.
We combined science and industry,
have been developed more or less polluting science
we started to consume,
overeating,
but we made enough trouble to this planet
who welcomed us so far.
Before starting my engineering background,
when we spoke of materials,
science,
the only thing I could think of was this –
(Laughter)
but as and
as I learned more about the world of materials,
I understood that they are not very different from us humans.
In the kingdom of metals, for example,
we will find different social classes.
At the top of the pyramid, we will find the most noble metals;
they have it easy: you pay dearly to have them.
And gradually as one moves down the pyramid,
potential will decrease more
and at the base they will find the less noble metals,
such as titanium, magnesium, zinc, etc.
Metals can also be a character trait.
We will find, for example, capricious,
as semiconductors,
that will pass current in one direction,
but not the other.
We’ll find fragile as ceramics,
who will break into pieces at the first shock.
We will also find dedicated,
such as zinc
that will be used in the sacrificial rings,
for protecting steel against corrosion.
Who says different character traits
said also different social behaviors.
When you go to contact two metals, for example,
different things can happen.
In short, I’ll take two extreme examples:
or they will have a repulsive behavior
as it happens when we have two magnets with the same pole,
either they will have an attractive behavior
that is to say that they will attract the point of diffuse into each other.
This is what will enable us to achieve assemblies.
Now, what happens at the atomic scale,
is this:
we will imagine a material A,
and a second material that will call the material B.
You see the yellow atom in the middle,
– the hunk with glasses –
(Laughter)
he will realize that the neighboring atom is not that bad,
(Laughter)
and they will decide to come together,
when conditions permit.
By conditions, I mean
an elevated temperature, the presence of moisture,
the passage of current, for example.
(Laughter)
And they will decide to settle in neighborhoods Madam,
because it is nobler perhaps,
that his neighborhood is nice.
Except that when Mr going to move,
it will leave a void.
Now imagine that several pairs of atoms are formed.
Well,
more voids will form,
and the vacuum will build up,
to the point of appearing at the macroscopic scale.
Concretely, the material will deteriorate,
will disintegrate.
As a scientist,
we will play the role of border agent
that is to say, we will seek to regulate the passage of atoms.
We want to make a deposit.
Suddenly,
it does not matter if the material B deteriorates.
So, we will maximize the flow in one direction.
Either we will play the role of villain,
we know that atoms love themselves,
but will still separate,
because it can be dangerous for the structure.
Either we will be reasonable,
and we will balance the flow in one direction or the other.
And that’s what we will use to make connections,
inter alia, in electronics.
Now in my case,
the material A is copper,
material B is tin.
My problem is that tin is not as beautiful as that.
(Laughter)
And suddenly, Mrs. Copper does not want to get with him.
(Laughter)
So, what we do, we will try to cheat.
We’ll put her glasses, bow tie,
(Laughter)
we will add her perfume, and all that.
(Laughter)
And actually, it is the addition of lead.
Currently, it works well.
We arrive to make connections with it.
We arrive to lure Ms. Copper.
On the other hand,
lead is a heavy metal.
This is a heavy metal,
and this is what will make that part of your computer,
part of your phone,
– where there will be a presence of lead –
will be non-recyclable.
And who said non-recyclable said:
accumulation of waste, including electronic waste.
We talk about three million tons of electronic waste in 2020,
equivalent to 297 Eiffel Towers,
and 57 Titanic.
Now we have understood that it is not good to cheat,
we will do with what we have.
We will just make
the first meeting between Mrs. and Mr. Copper Tin
is as memorable as possible.
(Laughter)
That is to say, we will do so
the atmosphere is warm,
we will raise the temperature to 300 ° C.
(Laughter)
We’ll do a little acid wind
and will plunge into the empty time to time
until the passage of carbon is balanced,
in one way or another.
Then,
the atom pairs are formed,
will give rise to a first generation of atoms,
we will call Cu6Sn5,
then to a second generation of carbon,
Cu 3 Sn.
And these they are robust,
they have better properties than their parents,
and thus help ensure a connection that is as robust as possible.
Now, if I told you all this,
it is mainly to draw attention to the efforts
which are provided to the scientific level,
to overcome the mistakes of the past.
I know a lot of you –
say the majority, otherwise it would not be human –
We’re all frustrated by the fact that, worldwide,
nuclear weapons are used chemical weapons.
But we forget that each of us holds an equally destructive weapon,
that is the way we consume.
(Applause)
What I would like you to exit this room,
that the next time you try to make a new purchase,
imagine the whole process.
Imagine that we need to separate each material separately.
Imagine small boxes in which we will put these materials.
Each small box is intended for a way to recycle given,
more or less complex.
And keep in mind that somewhere
there are some that will not be recycled.
Because if we continue at this pace,
we will have all the gadgets you dream,
but it will have no planet to live.
Thank you.
(Applause)
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