[Music]
[Music]
I would like to start reading it is an appointment
of the Latin American veins of
eduardo galeano
the international division of labor
is that some countries are
they specialize in winning and others in losing
our region of the world that today
we call latin america ‘it was precocious
specialized in losing from the remote
times when Europeans from
rebirth they pounced through the
sea and his teeth sank into the
throat were the words of galliano
we specialize in losing when we
we integrate the division wrong
international labor based hand
of cheap work of a depredation of the
low productivity natural resources
and it’s only in a vicious circle
when salaries are low that’s what
stimulates is that we use technologies very
unsophisticated very unproductive
that make an unintelligent use of the
labor
and those technologies are not going to require
skilled labor manpower
educated but what they need is that
wages remain low in a few
words we specialize in poverty
but it does not have to be that way in your
relationship with the world countries can
aspire to more can try to generate
a virtuous circle if we start from
wages increasing those wages
growing will demand that the
technologies that we use are more
sophisticated are more productive
we start producing goods
differentiated quality
more respectful with the environment and about
all goods that to be produced do not
they can only pay higher salaries
but they need a more labor
qualified
in the last 40 years costa rica- given
interesting steps in this direction already
We are not a country that exports three or
four agricultural goods based on hand
of cheap work of environmental depredation
today costa rica exports hundreds of goods
and services that are intensive in
knowledge that have a high value
added we still have almost 20 per
hundred percent of the population in conditions of
poverty and costa rica continues to have
inequality indices that they should not
result in acceptable
I think something that could help us
complete this virtuous circle is the
sector of what we call industries
based cultural creativity
wit knowledge design that
generally in the world today
called the orange economy this is not
new many countries have done this if
one thinks of all developed countries
we remember having sung the music of
viruses or rollings stones or o
freddie mercury with queens but all that
is part of something that allows
england today be one of the countries with
more cultural exports of the world
or if you remember the music of abba group
Swedish thanks to the songs of abba
developed an economic process in
Sweden that makes that country today the
country with the most musical exports per
capita of the world
and a country as small as Iceland if
you think about Iceland it’s hard not to
think about the music of björk
America has not begun to understand
this
to understand the importance that they can
have the cultural industries all
we have seen the boom in recent years
of Latin American cinema and if we think
young music in Latin America ‘
a few days ago in this same scenario
we watched a concert by natalia
lafourcade with the philharmonic
Awesome
but we can even go a little more
back and think about the boom of the
Latin American literature all these
things pose a dilemma that can
be very simple but it is also brutal
we have to decide if we want
specialize in losing as I said to
galeano to specialize in types of
products such as the textile maquila
has generic products that only
subsists if you have cheap labor
that does not have a good relationship with the
environment or if we want to place a bet
much bolder and direct us to products
using ingenuity to use the
knowledge that they use the creativity that
use the culture
that’s what we want to bet
in the case of costa rica he calls me
the attention probably the effort
more interesting that we have done for the
development of cultural industries
is in music since 1953 with the
Conservatorio de Castella started
generate a seedbed of artists and
musicians after we had in the 70 the
creation of the symphony orchestra the
youth symphony the children’s symphony
the universities producing musicians
professionals and more recently the
national music education system the
cinema today you saw a sample of the
good movies like that there are thousands of children
in all the country
those steps were not easy
finance those processes was still
less easy
I remember in the 70s when it
gave the process of creation or recreation
of the National Symphony Orchestra the
incomprehension was was huge I still
I remember at the University of Costa Rica
a teacher at the economics school I
He said why are we going to spend money on
those queers
don pepe had the perfect answer was
when he said for what tractors and
violins
and the country understood and we had orchestras
it was cool perfect gift
all this musical development that we have
had for several decades has
changed the Costa Rican music scene
today the quality of our musicians
it does not matter if we’re talking about music
classical cult if we are talking about
popular jazz rock music from the
philharmonic of the calypso no longer us
will surprise when a musician who is
license wins a grammy it ‘s like ya
we are getting used to when
invite you to participate with artists from
world famous
here a little the lesson is that as well as
Costa Rica has become a
benchmark in the world in terms of
sustainable development of biodiversity
everybody knows the little frog in the world
I believe that Costa Rica is in capacity
to take a leap and also become
a cultural reference industries
cultural allow goods to be produced
differentiated unique quality that
They can be very well paid but of course
this is not going to happen only the
development of cultural industries
will require the same as the development of
any economic activity a support
special as in the past we
we had specific policies for the
Export development not
traditional hi- tech for the
development of free zones
specific policies for development
of tourism
today we should have strong policies
directed to the development of
cultural industries for example there are
that developing the offer has to
have a cultural offer that in large
measurement means that there has to be
human resources people capable of
quality artistic creation and here the
education is key we need to train
the artists of this country with
world quality but not only quality
world we need you to have a great
sense of identity because in these
industries is not about producing something
generic something equal to what all the
world does here rather it’s about
find something special something essential
well in your education can do
precisely the difference
If the offer is key, it faces a
problem
and this is something that does not happen in others
fields for example if you wanted
hire a lawyer so that
defends in court to give them
some scriptures would not occur to
ask the lawyer to do that to them
free
or if they are hiring an engineer to
the design of the house does not occur to them
that will only be because he is very kind
or a doctor who is going to operate you
they do not ask you to operate them please
nor to economists until the
economists pay us for the work of
once in a while they invite us to give
conferences
but if you have artist friends or
if you are artists
ask them are they going to give you a lot of
anecdotes of how they often
they ask for free serious work or that
tell them you were looking at a great designing
would not help me with the logo of a
little business that I am or if you do not
sing well do not sing jazz at the party
of my cousin
look at you, that’s a cat with the
computers help me with some videos that
I need
and these things I tell you by
own experience my daughter is an artist my
youngest daughter is an artist she specialized in
oriental dance and all the time happens
this the law you see abuses a chuzo
dancing you could not dance at the party
of so-and-so and not in jest they ask him
how much
that can not be
the artistic work can not walk
begging for your pay the artistic work
it can not be free
artistic work is a job
professional but it’s not just a job
Professional is a professional job
that adds a lot of value and that’s how
we have to remunerate what if really
we are talking about developing the
artistic offer
and the offer is key but it is not
enough and we also have problems
on the demand side
let’s go back to the symphony we did what
it seemed more difficult today costa rica has
a quality symphony orchestra
world
and whoever hears it, make a test, go away
a Friday night or a Sunday at
national theater to the concert of the
symphony orchestra
what you are going to find is that the
theater is half full ie medium
empty
it seems that we asked ourselves the question for
what tractors and violins but not us
we asked the other question for what
violins without people who know how to enjoy
we have a problem of artistic command and
is that artistic demand is something that
is built is not something that results
automatically we have to generate a
process of creating this demand the
artistic tastes we do not bring them dice
it’s something that you learn to have and here the
problem
is that in consumer goods that has a
very easy consumption and in consumer goods
more difficult
there are things that you still do not like with just
try them for example a chocolate
there are other things that one has to try
and try again and try again
until you like
the example that I always put when
I talk about this is beer the first
beer is horrible but we tried one
second and the third until you
we take the taste then there are people who
the problem is that he does not like it
too
the artistic goods and especially the
quality artistic goods
do not face a difficult consumption not
an effort is required to be able
learn to enjoy them
joel the example with which more
I could easily explain how I eat
understood this problem is that of the
books
I do not know
how is it like you but it happens to me
that I buy more books than I read
and I’m an economist so that makes me
feel bad because it’s like irrational
because he buys more books of the famous
as very silly
I had to rationalize because
something so irrational until I
I realized that books do not have a
price books have two prices
the price that I pay in the library that
is the cost that I have to pay for
that the book is in my house
but to really consume the book
to enjoy the book I have to
pay a second price
what is the time and effort of reading
the book
what we could call the cost of
consumption will depend on my ability
reader of my reading training
and again here education becomes
fundamental
an education that develops us or not
we develop that ability
I do not want for example an education
that the boys when they read there
expert what they have left of the book is
remember the name of the poison with the
that killed the dad let him
and this is a real exam question
baccalaureate from a few years ago what
I want when they read hamlet is that
passionate with hamlet to the point that no
want to stop reading Shakespeare that
do not want to stop reading that’s what
we are looking for and this should be given in
all the fields
when we are thinking about education
artistic we should equip our
students the ability to enjoy
the entire range of cultural products and
artistic products here we could
talk about many things we could talk about
of the development of their tastes
gastronomic to enjoy meals from
different places in the world develop
the taste for theater the taste for
music that they learn not just a genre
only what is fashionable but that
really learn to enjoy music
or poetry
with the visual arts
when we talk about these things we have
to understand that we can not limit ourselves to
a very reduced view of education
who understands education as a
training for work or for
clear production that’s important
but we also educate for consumption
we also educate for enjoyment
we educate for life that’s why we talked
an ethics education for
aesthetic and for citizenship and that’s why
such important activities as the
student festival of the arts
education of our boys and
girls have to be full of art
and this is not only going to be important for
they will be enormously important
for our cultural industries
the greater the taste for art
more books are going to find readers that
buy them and read them theaters go to
be full movie theaters in the
that movies are transmitted
Costa Ricans are also going to have
public the museums are going to be more
filled and Costa Rican fashion too
you will find that just like don pepe is
a cool fashion
notice that it is about building a
virtuous circle between the demand
artistic and artistic offer
if I had to summarize this in just
a couple of ideas
I would tell you on the one hand that we are
the offer we are the ones who
we produce and the education system has
that teach us to be very
sophisticated of very high quality
but at the same time we are the
demand we are what we consume
and that’s why the education system also
have to teach us to be consumers
Sophisticated has to give us the
tools to enjoy the best
Life things
since we have the simpsons there
could summarize the lesson of this talk
in a very simple idea for the system
educational
what we have to do in our
educational system is to educate many more
lists and much less or less teach
our students to be very
good producing and doing very good
consuming teaching them to live from that is
try education thank you very much
[Applause]
[Music]
no no no
[Music]
[Music]
I would like to start reading it is an appointment
of the Latin American veins of
eduardo galeano
the international division of labor
is that some countries are
they specialize in winning and others in losing
our region of the world that today
we call latin america ‘it was precocious
specialized in losing from the remote
times when Europeans from
rebirth they pounced through the
sea and his teeth sank into the
throat were the words of galliano
we specialize in losing when we
we integrate the division wrong
international labor based hand
of cheap work of a depredation of the
low productivity natural resources
and it’s only in a vicious circle
when salaries are low that’s what
stimulates is that we use technologies very
unsophisticated very unproductive
that make an unintelligent use of the
labor
and those technologies are not going to require
skilled labor manpower
educated but what they need is that
wages remain low in a few
words we specialize in poverty
but it does not have to be that way in your
relationship with the world countries can
aspire to more can try to generate
a virtuous circle if we start from
wages increasing those wages
growing will demand that the
technologies that we use are more
sophisticated are more productive
we start producing goods
differentiated quality
more respectful with the environment and about
all goods that to be produced do not
they can only pay higher salaries
but they need a more labor
qualified
in the last 40 years costa rica- given
interesting steps in this direction already
We are not a country that exports three or
four agricultural goods based on hand
of cheap work of environmental depredation
today costa rica exports hundreds of goods
and services that are intensive in
knowledge that have a high value
added we still have almost 20 per
hundred percent of the population in conditions of
poverty and costa rica continues to have
inequality indices that they should not
result in acceptable
I think something that could help us
complete this virtuous circle is the
sector of what we call industries
based cultural creativity
wit knowledge design that
generally in the world today
called the orange economy this is not
new many countries have done this if
one thinks of all developed countries
we remember having sung the music of
viruses or rollings stones or o
freddie mercury with queens but all that
is part of something that allows
england today be one of the countries with
more cultural exports of the world
or if you remember the music of abba group
Swedish thanks to the songs of abba
developed an economic process in
Sweden that makes that country today the
country with the most musical exports per
capita of the world
and a country as small as Iceland if
you think about Iceland it’s hard not to
think about the music of björk
America has not begun to understand
this
to understand the importance that they can
have the cultural industries all
we have seen the boom in recent years
of Latin American cinema and if we think
young music in Latin America ‘
a few days ago in this same scenario
we watched a concert by natalia
lafourcade with the philharmonic
Awesome
but we can even go a little more
back and think about the boom of the
Latin American literature all these
things pose a dilemma that can
be very simple but it is also brutal
we have to decide if we want
specialize in losing as I said to
galeano to specialize in types of
products such as the textile maquila
has generic products that only
subsists if you have cheap labor
that does not have a good relationship with the
environment or if we want to place a bet
much bolder and direct us to products
using ingenuity to use the
knowledge that they use the creativity that
use the culture
that’s what we want to bet
in the case of costa rica he calls me
the attention probably the effort
more interesting that we have done for the
development of cultural industries
is in music since 1953 with the
Conservatorio de Castella started
generate a seedbed of artists and
musicians after we had in the 70 the
creation of the symphony orchestra the
youth symphony the children’s symphony
the universities producing musicians
professionals and more recently the
national music education system the
cinema today you saw a sample of the
good movies like that there are thousands of children
in all the country
those steps were not easy
finance those processes was still
less easy
I remember in the 70s when it
gave the process of creation or recreation
of the National Symphony Orchestra the
incomprehension was was huge I still
I remember at the University of Costa Rica
a teacher at the economics school I
He said why are we going to spend money on
those queers
don pepe had the perfect answer was
when he said for what tractors and
violins
and the country understood and we had orchestras
it was cool perfect gift
all this musical development that we have
had for several decades has
changed the Costa Rican music scene
today the quality of our musicians
it does not matter if we’re talking about music
classical cult if we are talking about
popular jazz rock music from the
philharmonic of the calypso no longer us
will surprise when a musician who is
license wins a grammy it ‘s like ya
we are getting used to when
invite you to participate with artists from
world famous
here a little the lesson is that as well as
Costa Rica has become a
benchmark in the world in terms of
sustainable development of biodiversity
everybody knows the little frog in the world
I believe that Costa Rica is in capacity
to take a leap and also become
a cultural reference industries
cultural allow goods to be produced
differentiated unique quality that
They can be very well paid but of course
this is not going to happen only the
development of cultural industries
will require the same as the development of
any economic activity a support
special as in the past we
we had specific policies for the
Export development not
traditional hi- tech for the
development of free zones
specific policies for development
of tourism
today we should have strong policies
directed to the development of
cultural industries for example there are
that developing the offer has to
have a cultural offer that in large
measurement means that there has to be
human resources people capable of
quality artistic creation and here the
education is key we need to train
the artists of this country with
world quality but not only quality
world we need you to have a great
sense of identity because in these
industries is not about producing something
generic something equal to what all the
world does here rather it’s about
find something special something essential
well in your education can do
precisely the difference
If the offer is key, it faces a
problem
and this is something that does not happen in others
fields for example if you wanted
hire a lawyer so that
defends in court to give them
some scriptures would not occur to
ask the lawyer to do that to them
free
or if they are hiring an engineer to
the design of the house does not occur to them
that will only be because he is very kind
or a doctor who is going to operate you
they do not ask you to operate them please
nor to economists until the
economists pay us for the work of
once in a while they invite us to give
conferences
but if you have artist friends or
if you are artists
ask them are they going to give you a lot of
anecdotes of how they often
they ask for free serious work or that
tell them you were looking at a great designing
would not help me with the logo of a
little business that I am or if you do not
sing well do not sing jazz at the party
of my cousin
look at you, that’s a cat with the
computers help me with some videos that
I need
and these things I tell you by
own experience my daughter is an artist my
youngest daughter is an artist she specialized in
oriental dance and all the time happens
this the law you see abuses a chuzo
dancing you could not dance at the party
of so-and-so and not in jest they ask him
how much
that can not be
the artistic work can not walk
begging for your pay the artistic work
it can not be free
artistic work is a job
professional but it’s not just a job
Professional is a professional job
that adds a lot of value and that’s how
we have to remunerate what if really
we are talking about developing the
artistic offer
and the offer is key but it is not
enough and we also have problems
on the demand side
let’s go back to the symphony we did what
it seemed more difficult today costa rica has
a quality symphony orchestra
world
and whoever hears it, make a test, go away
a Friday night or a Sunday at
national theater to the concert of the
symphony orchestra
what you are going to find is that the
theater is half full ie medium
empty
it seems that we asked ourselves the question for
what tractors and violins but not us
we asked the other question for what
violins without people who know how to enjoy
we have a problem of artistic command and
is that artistic demand is something that
is built is not something that results
automatically we have to generate a
process of creating this demand the
artistic tastes we do not bring them dice
it’s something that you learn to have and here the
problem
is that in consumer goods that has a
very easy consumption and in consumer goods
more difficult
there are things that you still do not like with just
try them for example a chocolate
there are other things that one has to try
and try again and try again
until you like
the example that I always put when
I talk about this is beer the first
beer is horrible but we tried one
second and the third until you
we take the taste then there are people who
the problem is that he does not like it
too
the artistic goods and especially the
quality artistic goods
do not face a difficult consumption not
an effort is required to be able
learn to enjoy them
joel the example with which more
I could easily explain how I eat
understood this problem is that of the
books
I do not know
how is it like you but it happens to me
that I buy more books than I read
and I’m an economist so that makes me
feel bad because it’s like irrational
because he buys more books of the famous
as very silly
I had to rationalize because
something so irrational until I
I realized that books do not have a
price books have two prices
the price that I pay in the library that
is the cost that I have to pay for
that the book is in my house
but to really consume the book
to enjoy the book I have to
pay a second price
what is the time and effort of reading
the book
what we could call the cost of
consumption will depend on my ability
reader of my reading training
and again here education becomes
fundamental
an education that develops us or not
we develop that ability
I do not want for example an education
that the boys when they read there
expert what they have left of the book is
remember the name of the poison with the
that killed the dad let him
and this is a real exam question
baccalaureate from a few years ago what
I want when they read hamlet is that
passionate with hamlet to the point that no
want to stop reading Shakespeare that
do not want to stop reading that’s what
we are looking for and this should be given in
all the fields
when we are thinking about education
artistic we should equip our
students the ability to enjoy
the entire range of cultural products and
artistic products here we could
talk about many things we could talk about
of the development of their tastes
gastronomic to enjoy meals from
different places in the world develop
the taste for theater the taste for
music that they learn not just a genre
only what is fashionable but that
really learn to enjoy music
or poetry
with the visual arts
when we talk about these things we have
to understand that we can not limit ourselves to
a very reduced view of education
who understands education as a
training for work or for
clear production that’s important
but we also educate for consumption
we also educate for enjoyment
we educate for life that’s why we talked
an ethics education for
aesthetic and for citizenship and that’s why
such important activities as the
student festival of the arts
education of our boys and
girls have to be full of art
and this is not only going to be important for
they will be enormously important
for our cultural industries
the greater the taste for art
more books are going to find readers that
buy them and read them theaters go to
be full movie theaters in the
that movies are transmitted
Costa Ricans are also going to have
public the museums are going to be more
filled and Costa Rican fashion too
you will find that just like don pepe is
a cool fashion
notice that it is about building a
virtuous circle between the demand
artistic and artistic offer
if I had to summarize this in just
a couple of ideas
I would tell you on the one hand that we are
the offer we are the ones who
we produce and the education system has
that teach us to be very
sophisticated of very high quality
but at the same time we are the
demand we are what we consume
and that’s why the education system also
have to teach us to be consumers
Sophisticated has to give us the
tools to enjoy the best
Life things
since we have the simpsons there
could summarize the lesson of this talk
in a very simple idea for the system
educational
what we have to do in our
educational system is to educate many more
lists and much less or less teach
our students to be very
good producing and doing very good
consuming teaching them to live from that is
try education thank you very much
[Applause]
[Music]
no no no
[Music]
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