[Music]
well I do what I ‘m going to
to talk about is how the human being is
beginning to create tools for
precisely to connect and also
to be able to know each other a little more
and especially to extend their own
capabilities with which in some way
we come in series no and for that I want
start then good with a human being
with what the factory say biological
has allowed me in this case I am me with
good with hair they tell me to make a
little more than that without hair and what is it
what are you going to start to see is good as
my brain is revealed in some way
because deep down the brain is that
wonderful mechanism that has all of us
allowed to evolve and that some
way allows us to be here today not the
brain are only about two or three kilos
of weight consumed say about 25 watts of
the 100 that is believed to consume all the
human body but still it is something
wonderful that has allowed us then
good to do great things along
the history in which we dedicate ourselves in
artificial intelligence we try to
study what happens and inside what is
something relatively complex but without
no doubt what the human being has
made from always is to try
extend those capabilities with which
we come that we have done during good
for millennia somehow not no
it is something new that the human being tries
to improve and at the beginning we have
done therefore building tools
how are you
some of the first vestiges of
these tools first to extend
our physical abilities our
physical strength and our capabilities
physical but then of course we have
started to create then also the
writing language and mathematics
well to extend those capabilities
mental and to get a little more
beyond what series as I say
we come we come from factory not from
somehow this does not stay here the
human being has also tried to
build different types of machines
this may be one of the first
vestiges of a computer is the so-called
mechanism of antich and wax then the island
Greek where it was discovered is thought that
it was related to good with themes
of the crops or perhaps with themes
astronomical and in some way we have
created this because they predict that in order to
get a little bit further, not by
course we do not stay here then
we started to build sugar mills
wonderful I liked to select
this one is the so-called chess player of a
great good Spanish genius relatively
unknown by leonardo torres quevedo
that more than 100 years ago he built this
machine our electromechanical ingenuity
that what he allowed is good
limitedly play chess not me
I was lucky that my father that in peace
rest taught me to play chess and in
a few medals before dedicating me already
with 10 years studying technology and
good to see this machine being
manufactured a long time ago is something that
good is great the human being is followed
of course making many types of
machines and good to put some
interesting, well, this is the one
Without any doubt , the space is the
control mechanism of the apollo ships
any mobile that you have of course
it’s more powerful than what we have here
but the human being did not stay there not
of course he kept trying to create
new types of technology and in this the
key technology without any doubt is
Internet, not the internet, is what has
allowed many things between them for
example globalization or the economy
is and we know it today I would not have been able
evolve without the existence of
internet but we did not stay there either
we continue creating new new things
of course the fixed internet did not have the
capabilities that we could that we wanted
need with which we discover of
somehow that mobile internet is the
first terminal that made nokia with
Internet access to be able to be
connected at any time and in
any place we do not stay there either
we followed with the revolution of the
social networks about ten years ago the
how good we started to create new
mechanisms in which people of some
way we establish those societies
we even establish the concept of
hierarchical or how we relate
with other people, it did not end there
we continue looking for new variants of
all this and we started to discover
the so-called internet of things
internet of things means that already
not only do we connect to
internet but any device
anything is capable of being
connected to the network not in fact there are already
more connected things than human beings
on earth in that sense allows this
ratification of the world and that all of
somehow we are able to start
to have some first ideas of how
they work and we do not stay there either
we started to see new ways to treat
to imagine reality through the
virtual reality and augmented reality
it’s not something new either does not make many
years that work on this topic and
more than 20 years ago create here in Spain
the first virtual reality department
and cyberspace in a university but
now it is true that these two
last two or three years we are
starting to have a new appearance of
and somehow virtual reality
between 60 and 80 percent of the
brain are destined to
visual processing is interesting
have new ways of creating new
realities and being in places in the
that physically our body again
is not ready to be and good
no doubt the artificial intelligence
for me it is what is changing everything
it is not the definitive tool that
is somehow changing and is
beginning to redefine what is even
the intelligent human being himself
artificial actually
well there are several is not there is not only
one there are three types of intelligence
artificial one is of intelligence
artificially reduced is what you have to
your left in which I symbolize
here with homer in which the human being
He has been able to make a machine
who is able to do a task and only
a better task than what can be done
any human being and here we have already
come there are many cases in which already
we have seen how the human being has
come to this the second type
artificial intelligence that is where we
we are many investigating is the
called artificial intelligence general
in what we try to do basically
a brain is built on a chip
basically what we are looking for is that
unique learning mechanism because it
assumes that the brain and the
third type of artificial intelligence
is the so-called super intelligence your pre
intelligence in which the human being has
been so smart or maybe not from
build a machine that is more
intelligent that the set of beings
humans that we inhabit on earth here
almost all thinkers in this
discipline we think we ‘re going to get
there are some who think that they are 100 years old
I think maybe it’s 30 but without
no doubt we go inexorably in
that in that direction
and in some way the human being like you
comment try to see what differences
have with the machines and try to do
this type of algorithms to make them
better than the human being there are some
vestiges of this intelligence
artificially reduced this may be the
first moment in the year 1957 arthur
sesame in an ibm programmer was
able to program this machine to
play the ladies I leave a copy of this
machine playing with herself and the day
next this machine was already unbeatable
maybe it’s beyond this first
invention of the chess player may be with
the most current technology so it would be
that first vestige of intelligence
artificially there we do not stay by
course in the game of chess in the
millennial game chess in the year 97
world champion Garry Kasparov lost
in front of a deep blue machine lost
for two reasons he lost of course
brute force the machine was capable of
compute many more plays than the one
any chess player we can
compute and the second and most relevant
for me it is for the domain of
mathematics and mathematics is one of
those tools that we have created for
extend our mental abilities and
since then in some cases maybe
before then it is already a domain that is
totally from the machines either
ends there in 2011 and good with
what is already starting to be called what is
the new gilt of intelligence
artificial what is it about
of 2013 this is 2011 as a machine
developed by ibm also that
called watson was able to win at
champion in the world champions that
get married a game called the game
from the ego to rim or the game of the self
partridges a game television
American in which the director of the
program has launched a response and the
contestants look for what question fits
with that answer we did not lose here
also for two reasons also for
brute force the machine was capable of
compute many more information than
that the human being can and the second
for me extremely transcendental
for control of language proficiency
natural and the language can allow me
to be talking here with you is what
that has allowed us to also build
the societies and evolve from some
way and that a machine is capable of
be better than us at this some
way to see somehow make us
reflect deeply on the year
apologize in the year 97 when Gary
kasparov lost to chess a
New York Times columnist
he published an article where he said that
would happen in 100 years but more until
a machine would be able to beat the
human being to the game of go one of the
100 years many times because it is not so
did not spend much less two years ago the
company of a friend of hassabis was
able to win the go world champion
not the game of go is more complex
some senses that chess because
although there are only some white chips and
black there are more number of squares and the
number of combinatorias possible long
the time is greater than the number of
atoms that the universe has without any
here he had to learn in some way
how the game worked because
brute force with current technology not
possible and last year a
Carnegie Mellon algorithms were
able to win a series of
poker champions not in the game of
poker in turn is more complex as well
because it’s a game where you do not know
all the information with which in
reality you have to learn to play this
game and well this graphic seems to me
seminal I believe that every human being
I should look deeply at this
graphic this graph identifies that of
what way can the algorithms see
better than we can see human beings
and if as I said the 60 of 68
percent the brain goes to this
that for some years some machines
can see better than we
we see is something that should undoubtedly
ponder deeply good
this is used for many things in the
algorithms for example from baidu this is
Baidu’s eye can make the
people who are blind because they can
in quotes see or hear what
have in front with which these
vision algorithms of course
allow to improve the world and extend
capabilities of people who would have it
more complex
also of course we already started to
have tools that allow us to read
what happens in our brain there are two
forms the exploration is
fundamentally to the left again
you have my brain and my brain in that
case you have it in a resonance
magnetic that what it does is measure then
how blood flows through the
brain and the second the one that you have to
your right are by signals
electrical systems not through those systems
electroencephalography that what we do
is to measure those electrical signals the
first type of signals are used
machines like these that are
especially expensive and they have a
very good spatial resolution but one
very bad temporary resolution that is to say
It takes a long time to capture each one of the
images and the other devices the
that allow you to read the electrical signals
The four of yours are of this type
left commercial and those of you
right more doctors that let you read
those electrical changes when you
they trigger the neurons that we have in
our brain these signs of some
way they have a better resolution
it’s temporary in this case because we have
we can a faster frequency of
capture but it ‘s less in from the point
of space view does not have much
resolution as the other types of
machines and good can do that
people like this one for example so that
they have not lost a member because they are
able to manipulate them only through the
power of your thoughts or we can
do we also start having machines
that begin to allow us to write in
the brain not these devices that
you have here also somehow
some of us carry more dictionaries
discovered are called stimulators
magnetic after cranial allow
somehow start writing these
pulses in the brain in those pulses the
two of your sides are discussed
commercials that begin to emerge
there are already companies that are
working on implantable devices
if the
technologies will take much now
implantable technologies are more already
used in some medical fields but
each time they will be used more in fields
let’s say this guy does not and some
so well we have maps too
great things like this one does not start
talk about the left hemisphere and the
right hemisphere of the brain we started
to speak good of those semantic maps
of the brain like the good laboratory
forward in berkeley has been able to
develop protection and gallant ‘by
true he was also able to put 100
people to watch 100 videos from youtube
I capture its resonance signals
magnetic and then put a 101 person to
watch a new video 101 and the images
that they captured were these right
is the video that they created they believed that
the person was watching and to the
left was the real video and from some
way well we’re still not in
that point of being able to read
completely what happens in a brain
but every time we are able to see it with
a little better the techniques that
we have for this image capture
brain cells are becoming more powerful and
well we are close to this being
possible that we have that internet of
you or that we are even capable of
interface between brains as we
well we are close to them in fact the
first techno telepathy as they call it
my good friend and great artist
already it produced a few years ago
person that you have to your left
has a device of these an axis
but your activity is being read
brain and when I wanted to play a
game he was playing and wanted
press the mouse the person who was
your right to two thousand kilometers of
distance because they were electrocuted
different areas of the brain the same
beings of the brain so that effectively
you press the mouse so this type of
technology we started to have it
we are already close to having this kind of
technologies this was also not new in
1900 at the world exhibition of Paris
artists were asked to artists who
good to draw on how they would see that
would be the year 2000 and this for example what
what they would draw about what education would be like
in which that machine owner and masters
those books and that information would happen
these brains which was not something
that was totally disrupted from
how they were and without any doubt he connected
more cerebral is going to be the big project
of science of this century if it was the
genome the last century in this century the
be able to detect those 100
trillions of connections that have those
100 billion neurons that we have
for certainly doubt is something that is going to
fascinate in the coming years and of
somehow I believe that the human being
has continuously been creating this
kind of tools and I think that
we are at a moment in the history of
humanity
we can start to read and write in
brains but I think you have to think
a little bit further I think it’s a
seminal moment for us to be able
really work a lot harder
in understanding the brain because if not
we understand the brain will be
an artificial intelligence what the
will do for us and above will do it for
us without us noticing and
then we will be especially in bad
situation in front of the super intelligence
thank you very much
[Applause]
well I do what I ‘m going to
to talk about is how the human being is
beginning to create tools for
precisely to connect and also
to be able to know each other a little more
and especially to extend their own
capabilities with which in some way
we come in series no and for that I want
start then good with a human being
with what the factory say biological
has allowed me in this case I am me with
good with hair they tell me to make a
little more than that without hair and what is it
what are you going to start to see is good as
my brain is revealed in some way
because deep down the brain is that
wonderful mechanism that has all of us
allowed to evolve and that some
way allows us to be here today not the
brain are only about two or three kilos
of weight consumed say about 25 watts of
the 100 that is believed to consume all the
human body but still it is something
wonderful that has allowed us then
good to do great things along
the history in which we dedicate ourselves in
artificial intelligence we try to
study what happens and inside what is
something relatively complex but without
no doubt what the human being has
made from always is to try
extend those capabilities with which
we come that we have done during good
for millennia somehow not no
it is something new that the human being tries
to improve and at the beginning we have
done therefore building tools
how are you
some of the first vestiges of
these tools first to extend
our physical abilities our
physical strength and our capabilities
physical but then of course we have
started to create then also the
writing language and mathematics
well to extend those capabilities
mental and to get a little more
beyond what series as I say
we come we come from factory not from
somehow this does not stay here the
human being has also tried to
build different types of machines
this may be one of the first
vestiges of a computer is the so-called
mechanism of antich and wax then the island
Greek where it was discovered is thought that
it was related to good with themes
of the crops or perhaps with themes
astronomical and in some way we have
created this because they predict that in order to
get a little bit further, not by
course we do not stay here then
we started to build sugar mills
wonderful I liked to select
this one is the so-called chess player of a
great good Spanish genius relatively
unknown by leonardo torres quevedo
that more than 100 years ago he built this
machine our electromechanical ingenuity
that what he allowed is good
limitedly play chess not me
I was lucky that my father that in peace
rest taught me to play chess and in
a few medals before dedicating me already
with 10 years studying technology and
good to see this machine being
manufactured a long time ago is something that
good is great the human being is followed
of course making many types of
machines and good to put some
interesting, well, this is the one
Without any doubt , the space is the
control mechanism of the apollo ships
any mobile that you have of course
it’s more powerful than what we have here
but the human being did not stay there not
of course he kept trying to create
new types of technology and in this the
key technology without any doubt is
Internet, not the internet, is what has
allowed many things between them for
example globalization or the economy
is and we know it today I would not have been able
evolve without the existence of
internet but we did not stay there either
we continue creating new new things
of course the fixed internet did not have the
capabilities that we could that we wanted
need with which we discover of
somehow that mobile internet is the
first terminal that made nokia with
Internet access to be able to be
connected at any time and in
any place we do not stay there either
we followed with the revolution of the
social networks about ten years ago the
how good we started to create new
mechanisms in which people of some
way we establish those societies
we even establish the concept of
hierarchical or how we relate
with other people, it did not end there
we continue looking for new variants of
all this and we started to discover
the so-called internet of things
internet of things means that already
not only do we connect to
internet but any device
anything is capable of being
connected to the network not in fact there are already
more connected things than human beings
on earth in that sense allows this
ratification of the world and that all of
somehow we are able to start
to have some first ideas of how
they work and we do not stay there either
we started to see new ways to treat
to imagine reality through the
virtual reality and augmented reality
it’s not something new either does not make many
years that work on this topic and
more than 20 years ago create here in Spain
the first virtual reality department
and cyberspace in a university but
now it is true that these two
last two or three years we are
starting to have a new appearance of
and somehow virtual reality
between 60 and 80 percent of the
brain are destined to
visual processing is interesting
have new ways of creating new
realities and being in places in the
that physically our body again
is not ready to be and good
no doubt the artificial intelligence
for me it is what is changing everything
it is not the definitive tool that
is somehow changing and is
beginning to redefine what is even
the intelligent human being himself
artificial actually
well there are several is not there is not only
one there are three types of intelligence
artificial one is of intelligence
artificially reduced is what you have to
your left in which I symbolize
here with homer in which the human being
He has been able to make a machine
who is able to do a task and only
a better task than what can be done
any human being and here we have already
come there are many cases in which already
we have seen how the human being has
come to this the second type
artificial intelligence that is where we
we are many investigating is the
called artificial intelligence general
in what we try to do basically
a brain is built on a chip
basically what we are looking for is that
unique learning mechanism because it
assumes that the brain and the
third type of artificial intelligence
is the so-called super intelligence your pre
intelligence in which the human being has
been so smart or maybe not from
build a machine that is more
intelligent that the set of beings
humans that we inhabit on earth here
almost all thinkers in this
discipline we think we ‘re going to get
there are some who think that they are 100 years old
I think maybe it’s 30 but without
no doubt we go inexorably in
that in that direction
and in some way the human being like you
comment try to see what differences
have with the machines and try to do
this type of algorithms to make them
better than the human being there are some
vestiges of this intelligence
artificially reduced this may be the
first moment in the year 1957 arthur
sesame in an ibm programmer was
able to program this machine to
play the ladies I leave a copy of this
machine playing with herself and the day
next this machine was already unbeatable
maybe it’s beyond this first
invention of the chess player may be with
the most current technology so it would be
that first vestige of intelligence
artificially there we do not stay by
course in the game of chess in the
millennial game chess in the year 97
world champion Garry Kasparov lost
in front of a deep blue machine lost
for two reasons he lost of course
brute force the machine was capable of
compute many more plays than the one
any chess player we can
compute and the second and most relevant
for me it is for the domain of
mathematics and mathematics is one of
those tools that we have created for
extend our mental abilities and
since then in some cases maybe
before then it is already a domain that is
totally from the machines either
ends there in 2011 and good with
what is already starting to be called what is
the new gilt of intelligence
artificial what is it about
of 2013 this is 2011 as a machine
developed by ibm also that
called watson was able to win at
champion in the world champions that
get married a game called the game
from the ego to rim or the game of the self
partridges a game television
American in which the director of the
program has launched a response and the
contestants look for what question fits
with that answer we did not lose here
also for two reasons also for
brute force the machine was capable of
compute many more information than
that the human being can and the second
for me extremely transcendental
for control of language proficiency
natural and the language can allow me
to be talking here with you is what
that has allowed us to also build
the societies and evolve from some
way and that a machine is capable of
be better than us at this some
way to see somehow make us
reflect deeply on the year
apologize in the year 97 when Gary
kasparov lost to chess a
New York Times columnist
he published an article where he said that
would happen in 100 years but more until
a machine would be able to beat the
human being to the game of go one of the
100 years many times because it is not so
did not spend much less two years ago the
company of a friend of hassabis was
able to win the go world champion
not the game of go is more complex
some senses that chess because
although there are only some white chips and
black there are more number of squares and the
number of combinatorias possible long
the time is greater than the number of
atoms that the universe has without any
here he had to learn in some way
how the game worked because
brute force with current technology not
possible and last year a
Carnegie Mellon algorithms were
able to win a series of
poker champions not in the game of
poker in turn is more complex as well
because it’s a game where you do not know
all the information with which in
reality you have to learn to play this
game and well this graphic seems to me
seminal I believe that every human being
I should look deeply at this
graphic this graph identifies that of
what way can the algorithms see
better than we can see human beings
and if as I said the 60 of 68
percent the brain goes to this
that for some years some machines
can see better than we
we see is something that should undoubtedly
ponder deeply good
this is used for many things in the
algorithms for example from baidu this is
Baidu’s eye can make the
people who are blind because they can
in quotes see or hear what
have in front with which these
vision algorithms of course
allow to improve the world and extend
capabilities of people who would have it
more complex
also of course we already started to
have tools that allow us to read
what happens in our brain there are two
forms the exploration is
fundamentally to the left again
you have my brain and my brain in that
case you have it in a resonance
magnetic that what it does is measure then
how blood flows through the
brain and the second the one that you have to
your right are by signals
electrical systems not through those systems
electroencephalography that what we do
is to measure those electrical signals the
first type of signals are used
machines like these that are
especially expensive and they have a
very good spatial resolution but one
very bad temporary resolution that is to say
It takes a long time to capture each one of the
images and the other devices the
that allow you to read the electrical signals
The four of yours are of this type
left commercial and those of you
right more doctors that let you read
those electrical changes when you
they trigger the neurons that we have in
our brain these signs of some
way they have a better resolution
it’s temporary in this case because we have
we can a faster frequency of
capture but it ‘s less in from the point
of space view does not have much
resolution as the other types of
machines and good can do that
people like this one for example so that
they have not lost a member because they are
able to manipulate them only through the
power of your thoughts or we can
do we also start having machines
that begin to allow us to write in
the brain not these devices that
you have here also somehow
some of us carry more dictionaries
discovered are called stimulators
magnetic after cranial allow
somehow start writing these
pulses in the brain in those pulses the
two of your sides are discussed
commercials that begin to emerge
there are already companies that are
working on implantable devices
if the
technologies will take much now
implantable technologies are more already
used in some medical fields but
each time they will be used more in fields
let’s say this guy does not and some
so well we have maps too
great things like this one does not start
talk about the left hemisphere and the
right hemisphere of the brain we started
to speak good of those semantic maps
of the brain like the good laboratory
forward in berkeley has been able to
develop protection and gallant ‘by
true he was also able to put 100
people to watch 100 videos from youtube
I capture its resonance signals
magnetic and then put a 101 person to
watch a new video 101 and the images
that they captured were these right
is the video that they created they believed that
the person was watching and to the
left was the real video and from some
way well we’re still not in
that point of being able to read
completely what happens in a brain
but every time we are able to see it with
a little better the techniques that
we have for this image capture
brain cells are becoming more powerful and
well we are close to this being
possible that we have that internet of
you or that we are even capable of
interface between brains as we
well we are close to them in fact the
first techno telepathy as they call it
my good friend and great artist
already it produced a few years ago
person that you have to your left
has a device of these an axis
but your activity is being read
brain and when I wanted to play a
game he was playing and wanted
press the mouse the person who was
your right to two thousand kilometers of
distance because they were electrocuted
different areas of the brain the same
beings of the brain so that effectively
you press the mouse so this type of
technology we started to have it
we are already close to having this kind of
technologies this was also not new in
1900 at the world exhibition of Paris
artists were asked to artists who
good to draw on how they would see that
would be the year 2000 and this for example what
what they would draw about what education would be like
in which that machine owner and masters
those books and that information would happen
these brains which was not something
that was totally disrupted from
how they were and without any doubt he connected
more cerebral is going to be the big project
of science of this century if it was the
genome the last century in this century the
be able to detect those 100
trillions of connections that have those
100 billion neurons that we have
for certainly doubt is something that is going to
fascinate in the coming years and of
somehow I believe that the human being
has continuously been creating this
kind of tools and I think that
we are at a moment in the history of
humanity
we can start to read and write in
brains but I think you have to think
a little bit further I think it’s a
seminal moment for us to be able
really work a lot harder
in understanding the brain because if not
we understand the brain will be
an artificial intelligence what the
will do for us and above will do it for
us without us noticing and
then we will be especially in bad
situation in front of the super intelligence
thank you very much
[Applause]
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