do you remember this picture februari
2011 two-time human champions of game
jeopardy playing with a supercomputer
called Watson and developed by IBM Ken
Jennings on the left Brad rudder on the
right and in case you haven’t guessed
what sit in the middle well Watson beat
the two-time human champions at the game
jeopardy there were other times where
they had computers and machines beating
human champions as early as 1997 chess
champions were beaten by supercomputer
and more recently there’s a complex
board game called go that machine’s beat
the champions of that game as well so
when machines started to win at this
complex human games some people started
to ask the question our machines getting
as intelligent and as smart as people or
machines that are even getting smarter
than people are we all getting replaced
by machines and our jobs are being taken
away so I am here to tell you and give
you three major observations that why it
is about time that we move away from
these comparisons of machines versus
humans and move toward the idea of
humans with machines you see the idea
here is not to race against machine
means the idea is to use machines and
work with machines so that we elevate
performance and enhance desired outcomes
so observation number one working with
machines humans can increase their
flexibility in the work arrangements how
many of you would like to have a very
flexible work schedule how many of you
would like to be able to work wherever
you want to rather than go to a specific
how many of you would like to pick your
projects that you work on how many of
you would like to pick your customers
that you work with if you gave a yes to
any of those check these out these are
digital markets for freelancing some of
these are looking at a specific area of
service you all have heard of uber have
used over some of those focus on a wider
range of professional services and some
of them are really focused on leashed
and expertise by the way if you’re also
interested in generating additional
income check these out because of the
tremendous flexibility that they provide
you can work part time or full time you
set your own schedule you pick your
projects you advertise your services and
you set your charging mechanism hourly
weekly monthly or fixed costs now
flexibility in work arrangements are
really important because some people
like to have the option of generating
additional income some people would like
to be able to balance commitments to
work and a career with commitments to
family and community next way where
technology can really help us humans can
team up with machines and collaborate
with machines to elevate performance and
this is particularly useful when humans
have as human beings of course we have
physical and cognitive limitations this
is teaming up with machines is
particularly useful when we try to
compensate or get around human cognitive
and physical limitations how long does
it take you to read a two thousand page
technical book how much of what you read
you can recall precisely six months
later how long does it take you to keep
focused and pay attention to reading a
book before you get distracted tired or
bored machines on the other hand they
can consume thousands and thousands of
pages of text per second while they’re
going to recall everything precisely
forever so limitations in cognitive and
physical abilities of humans can
negatively impact the performance let me
give you an example there are estimates
that up to twenty percent up to twenty
percent of medical diagnoses are either
wrong or incomplete so as you can see
some of these errors can be very costly
and very dangerous at times let me tell
you why and how this happens the amount
of medical information that is available
nowadays is vast and this amount of
medical information is increasing at a
very fast rate on a daily
basis there are estimates that about
8,000 research papers are published on a
daily basis so think about it it’s
humanly impossible to keep all that
information and all the changes to that
information in one’s head as a physician
now think about a scenario where the
physician is faced with a very
complicated case with a very long and
complicated history of the patient and
is working under time pressure it is
very likely that he or she may not
remember a particular piece of
information medical information it’s
likely that he or she may not recall a
specific item of information from the
patient’s history it is likely that he
or she might not have had an opportunity
to figure out the very latest research
by finding about that particular case
and all of those could lead to
misdiagnosis or an incomplete diagnosis
now think about a different scenario
where the physician has a machine where
the machine has all the knowledge and
information medical information the
machine has the complete history of the
patient and all the other similar cases
the machine has all the symptoms that
are expressed by the patient based on
all of that information the machine can
come up and make suggestions on a number
of diagnoses to the physician and the
physician based on his or her judgment
can pick one an entirely different
scenario so teaming up and working with
machines can in fact enhance performance
now I want to give you another example T
coming up with machines and
collaborating with machines that can
really bring about new ideas and
innovative solutions you know nowadays
you’re all about innovation right and
perhaps the best way of demonstrating
that is through an example a simple but
interesting example a number of chefs
started to feed Watson the same computer
that played jeopardy they started
feeding Watson with thousands and
thousands of recipes ingredients and
various combination of food flavor so
using that information analyzing that
information when someone would give
Watson a food category and a main
ingredient let’s say dessert and
chocolate Watson would come up with a
new recipe a new dessert recipe that had
chocolate as the main ingredient but it
would also have all kinds of new
ingredients and new flavors now you
don’t have to worry about Watson taking
over your kitchens yet although I wish
it would overtake over my kitchen but
Watson and the chef’s they have
collaborated and they came up with this
recipe book you can purchase this on
Amazon another way that machines can
work with humans is we can learn with
machines there is so much and so many
online courses training videos
searchable online information available
globally these are some sources where
you can get some of the
available online courses free in
addition to these all universities most
of them in the US have free online
courses and these courses cover subjects
from A to Z just about the last item on
the list is called course benefit that
really is a catalog and organize catalog
of all various courses that are offered
by about 250 universities in the u.s. a
good source to go to also machines can
play the role of a tireless always
available and very patient tutor with
students for example they can give
helpful hint when the human learner gets
stuck on solving a problem or they can
explain and answer questions and based
on the students performance on a an exam
or a quiz they can actually provide
explanations again there are lots of
intelligent tutors for a variety of
subjects math physics computer science
chemistry etc now as more and more
people get online and start learning
online we are collecting data that could
be later analyzed so that we can design
even more personalized learning support
systems for people so in conclusion I
have identified three ways for you
increase flexibility of your work
arrangements by going into these digital
freelance markets for additional income
or just by flexibility in the work
arrangements I have suggested that you
can team up with computers instead of
racing against machines so that the
performance is elevated and the desired
outcomes are enhanced and I have
suggested ways that we can work with
machines to learn you see machines are
consistent and tireless and seemingly
have limitless information processing
and memory capacity and the other hands
humans have cognitive flexibility they
are self-aware and they are emotionally
intelligent what an amazing combination
human with machines makes thank
[Applause] [Music]
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