[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
[Applause]
human abortion refers to my interest
as an economist in the behavior of
neutral and physiology of the intake
decisions through experiments
these experiments are an abstraction
of reality where in a way
controlled we can understand
how people react to
different types of stimuli
I want to start with a thought because
we have all heard about
change and we hear about
many elderly people who suddenly
they refer to youth and new
generations and criticize suddenly
we criticize very much his character his
work ethic see there your
professionalism is very common that of
suddenly in our colleges in our
colleges
we have heard the phrase
today’s young people love the luxury they have
hobbies despise authority respond
his parents cross their legs and
tyrannize their teachers suddenly what
what may seem to you is
interesting is that this thought is
he wrote more than three or four centuries
before Christ was born and that he was
attributes to socrates so that many
of us are reluctant to change
however it is this youth that since
mind depends
of us for the future because they are
you young people in human capital
where we really encrypt
our hopes to maintain
even try to increase wealth
of all our societies so
being this the future I want to start
my presentation talking about children
that are the youth that are the future of
this world and of course as being
economist of experiments I want to talk
about experiments the first
experiment of which I am going to talk to you
this experiment they brought to some
children of three or four years old
lab and they gave him the next
they told him
and well you have is also this
situation, we’re going to give you a marshmallow
marshmallow and if you can remove
the temptation for 15 minutes of not
eat this marshmallow this bad Tuesday
We are going to give you a reward
extra marshmallow
and the experimenters left the
fourth for 15 minutes and they observed that
children did of course that the
adaptation was quite large and all
the children grabbed began to smell the
some marshmallow to put the
language but the interesting thing about this
I experiment about a third of the
children decided to wait for these 15
minutes to have the reward of
next marshmallow
in this experiment to the people then
He followed that the part
interesting about this experiment when
these children turned 3 579 until
eventually these guys now
they are 38 years old then what happened they
they gave me the ability to succeed
of all these children and it is true that
there was some kind of weak correlation
You will see what the base was
socio-economic education of these
children the education of their parents but the
that predicted a lot more the success of
these children was whether or not they had the
ability to refrain from eating
this mellow marts then what
interesting about this experiment is that
usually us in all our
public policies we focus on the
adult population suddenly very late and
we have to focus much more
as is the theme of this conference in
the human capital and in our children
so this topic has fascinated me
of self-control then we
it started well to have several experiments
in this experiment for us there was
a situation where for 30 years
there was a very big controversy
about how people are motivated to
self-control one of the most important theories
important says that self-control is
as an innate knowledge as a
switch that once we what
we turn on we can access this
ability to control ourselves and
eventually it serves as motivation
to continue exercising this self-control
on the other side another one of the more theories
finish tells you not self control is
as a perishable resource and we have that
vision but if we do
a lot more than what really
we are willing to do
we tire and we do not have the ability to
control them for that is that suddenly
the mornings we get up and say
good good the gym because now
breakfast in a correct way my
Lunch is to some extent something
healthy
but what happens when I get to the scene
we say today I behaved well
Today I went to the gym or exercise did me
I deserve the dessert at dinner or you ‘ll see me
or my two glasses of wine because
all day reported well then there are
to be very careful because
precisely when we have that
self-control is an energy that is going
ending at the end why suddenly
many of us when the
first day of the year
we all have goals at the beginning of the year
and we say starting on the first of January
I’m going to do this but respect our
approach is so paramount that
we say I’m going to do this and we
we focus so much that suddenly we do
that this resource of self-control is not
enough
when we exercise self-control what
the most important of our lives
a purpose a goal a goal
and in this experiment ariel and his
collaborators did the following
resource brought people to the lab
and they were paid to build different
types of ways either using legos
as I have here in the example or forms
of paper in condition number 1 brought
to people to the lab and when
the people built these laymen the
put on a pedestal as a way of
teach almost like a true trophy and
this is the importance as that switch
going on and tells us
we have that important purpose the
people came to the lab and looked at the
importance of building these forms in
the next condition did something
similar but when people arrive
to the laboratory instead of building this
pedestal what they did is that someone
that was in front of them they grabbed
the laymen and destroyed it
and I put them in a box
losing the full meaning of what
that is to have a purpose what they
They found it was very interesting because
production and capacity that the
people had increased a lot more
when there was a purpose when the
people could see what the goal was to
continue so that’s the importance of
that all of us have to have a
North something that dictates this what I
I want to achieve this what you want to achieve and
that increases the capacity and
importance of producing ideas now well
how important are these
ideas and how we can encourage
to our brother resource there are two
important ways to incentivize
to people
Kahneman in Terror Scream gave you this
idea that we humans
we like very much to win however
displeases us disproportionately
the fact of losing us like
swim but we like much less to lose
and in the field of human development
we have seen now
types where people are paid from
certain way to incentivize this type
of feelings
we are all familiar with the fact
of being able to win this is referred to by
example when a person
achieves certain type of goals at the level of
sales for example and a bonus is given
for having reached a certain level that is
what is on the boat of the
gain
on the other side now it’s starting
to see what is the marking of the
losses the marking of losses is
refers where the person is paid that
same salary and if it does not reach the goal it
it takes away what already belonged to it as the
human did not dispose more to lose we have seen
that that potentially has a lot
for development
However
when we are interested in
today about creativity
that so much does not only refer to the
production in the amount of ideas but
how good are those ideas because there
where is the true development of
future technology innovation the
game innovation the information of
many other things then in this
I experience what we did as
the collaborators was that we started
to people who are open to
lose how can we do this
framing of losing to generate ideas
and we discovered the same as before
to be this boat of losses makes
increase the amount but not
necessarily the quality of those ideas
and this is important because at the beginning
us that creativity is a
well elusive process where we
we have to be in a university
learning from other people and being able
be flying
I want I started talking about children
and I also want to end up giving the
crooks because many of us have
a phenomenon where he received a lot of help
externally and as I have here in this that is
that my wife drew this phenomenon
of parents helicopters where
us in the eagerness to try to help
to our children we become like that
person who is always willing to
help them we are aware that
have your medicine, we are waiting for
have your homework that they have their book and
we want our children to go out and
we want to help absolutely in everything
and we ask ourselves what happens
when we help people
what about that motivates them suddenly
get ahead truth to be more
independent that is to say that drinking
they become more dependent on this help
and in this very simple experiment what
that we did was tasting and for the
laboratory people and we gave him two
conditions in the first condition them
we paid so that they will count the
number of letters that they could see in a
text as you can see above in
this case of the letter h they had to
see and if they were correct we paid them
one dollar for each of these
conditions in the help condition
external we did exactly the same
but the lyrics is a lot more
visible as a way to have a
exogenous or external help
what did we find that
this help would serve people
as moderation or that would become more
Interestingly dependent on the beaver
we found that there were differences
Asymmetrical between men and women
women on the one hand was watching this
help and then we told him
well then in this experiment
you have the option to see how many
questions can you how much are
to see how much money they can grab and
fourth you obviously need that
everyone would think that everyone will
want the option can win the most
amount of money however that does not
was what we found in the
laboratory we found that the
people wanted to have that help
women specifically liked them
and also dependent on that help
however they accumulated their skills
to be able to produce these ideas in
change men we would have a little
more adherence the bell with us
we said good I use this help and
I do not need it anymore this is like
example when we navigate with a
gps for today we see and do not
we have lost certain kind of skills
to be able to produce them when
we for example remember when
we were children we have to square the
phone numbers to call
our friendships our families today
in day this skill has become something
obsolete because because now the
technology allows us to
we can have this phones
smart that we can record
these situations
everyone is always fascinated with the
Maya culture and its ability to
astrology however when was the
last time we saw the sky
to make decisions about where
let’s go or about really when
let’s plant a crop are
skills that have been lost so
the july message I started with the children
finished with the children that suddenly
provide that external help that later you
has very good intentions there are
have a lot of eye because in the eagerness to
we wanted to help people
so that they excel suddenly we can
have something that is completely opposite
thank you very much
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
[Applause]
human abortion refers to my interest
as an economist in the behavior of
neutral and physiology of the intake
decisions through experiments
these experiments are an abstraction
of reality where in a way
controlled we can understand
how people react to
different types of stimuli
I want to start with a thought because
we have all heard about
change and we hear about
many elderly people who suddenly
they refer to youth and new
generations and criticize suddenly
we criticize very much his character his
work ethic see there your
professionalism is very common that of
suddenly in our colleges in our
colleges
we have heard the phrase
today’s young people love the luxury they have
hobbies despise authority respond
his parents cross their legs and
tyrannize their teachers suddenly what
what may seem to you is
interesting is that this thought is
he wrote more than three or four centuries
before Christ was born and that he was
attributes to socrates so that many
of us are reluctant to change
however it is this youth that since
mind depends
of us for the future because they are
you young people in human capital
where we really encrypt
our hopes to maintain
even try to increase wealth
of all our societies so
being this the future I want to start
my presentation talking about children
that are the youth that are the future of
this world and of course as being
economist of experiments I want to talk
about experiments the first
experiment of which I am going to talk to you
this experiment they brought to some
children of three or four years old
lab and they gave him the next
they told him
and well you have is also this
situation, we’re going to give you a marshmallow
marshmallow and if you can remove
the temptation for 15 minutes of not
eat this marshmallow this bad Tuesday
We are going to give you a reward
extra marshmallow
and the experimenters left the
fourth for 15 minutes and they observed that
children did of course that the
adaptation was quite large and all
the children grabbed began to smell the
some marshmallow to put the
language but the interesting thing about this
I experiment about a third of the
children decided to wait for these 15
minutes to have the reward of
next marshmallow
in this experiment to the people then
He followed that the part
interesting about this experiment when
these children turned 3 579 until
eventually these guys now
they are 38 years old then what happened they
they gave me the ability to succeed
of all these children and it is true that
there was some kind of weak correlation
You will see what the base was
socio-economic education of these
children the education of their parents but the
that predicted a lot more the success of
these children was whether or not they had the
ability to refrain from eating
this mellow marts then what
interesting about this experiment is that
usually us in all our
public policies we focus on the
adult population suddenly very late and
we have to focus much more
as is the theme of this conference in
the human capital and in our children
so this topic has fascinated me
of self-control then we
it started well to have several experiments
in this experiment for us there was
a situation where for 30 years
there was a very big controversy
about how people are motivated to
self-control one of the most important theories
important says that self-control is
as an innate knowledge as a
switch that once we what
we turn on we can access this
ability to control ourselves and
eventually it serves as motivation
to continue exercising this self-control
on the other side another one of the more theories
finish tells you not self control is
as a perishable resource and we have that
vision but if we do
a lot more than what really
we are willing to do
we tire and we do not have the ability to
control them for that is that suddenly
the mornings we get up and say
good good the gym because now
breakfast in a correct way my
Lunch is to some extent something
healthy
but what happens when I get to the scene
we say today I behaved well
Today I went to the gym or exercise did me
I deserve the dessert at dinner or you ‘ll see me
or my two glasses of wine because
all day reported well then there are
to be very careful because
precisely when we have that
self-control is an energy that is going
ending at the end why suddenly
many of us when the
first day of the year
we all have goals at the beginning of the year
and we say starting on the first of January
I’m going to do this but respect our
approach is so paramount that
we say I’m going to do this and we
we focus so much that suddenly we do
that this resource of self-control is not
enough
when we exercise self-control what
the most important of our lives
a purpose a goal a goal
and in this experiment ariel and his
collaborators did the following
resource brought people to the lab
and they were paid to build different
types of ways either using legos
as I have here in the example or forms
of paper in condition number 1 brought
to people to the lab and when
the people built these laymen the
put on a pedestal as a way of
teach almost like a true trophy and
this is the importance as that switch
going on and tells us
we have that important purpose the
people came to the lab and looked at the
importance of building these forms in
the next condition did something
similar but when people arrive
to the laboratory instead of building this
pedestal what they did is that someone
that was in front of them they grabbed
the laymen and destroyed it
and I put them in a box
losing the full meaning of what
that is to have a purpose what they
They found it was very interesting because
production and capacity that the
people had increased a lot more
when there was a purpose when the
people could see what the goal was to
continue so that’s the importance of
that all of us have to have a
North something that dictates this what I
I want to achieve this what you want to achieve and
that increases the capacity and
importance of producing ideas now well
how important are these
ideas and how we can encourage
to our brother resource there are two
important ways to incentivize
to people
Kahneman in Terror Scream gave you this
idea that we humans
we like very much to win however
displeases us disproportionately
the fact of losing us like
swim but we like much less to lose
and in the field of human development
we have seen now
types where people are paid from
certain way to incentivize this type
of feelings
we are all familiar with the fact
of being able to win this is referred to by
example when a person
achieves certain type of goals at the level of
sales for example and a bonus is given
for having reached a certain level that is
what is on the boat of the
gain
on the other side now it’s starting
to see what is the marking of the
losses the marking of losses is
refers where the person is paid that
same salary and if it does not reach the goal it
it takes away what already belonged to it as the
human did not dispose more to lose we have seen
that that potentially has a lot
for development
However
when we are interested in
today about creativity
that so much does not only refer to the
production in the amount of ideas but
how good are those ideas because there
where is the true development of
future technology innovation the
game innovation the information of
many other things then in this
I experience what we did as
the collaborators was that we started
to people who are open to
lose how can we do this
framing of losing to generate ideas
and we discovered the same as before
to be this boat of losses makes
increase the amount but not
necessarily the quality of those ideas
and this is important because at the beginning
us that creativity is a
well elusive process where we
we have to be in a university
learning from other people and being able
be flying
I want I started talking about children
and I also want to end up giving the
crooks because many of us have
a phenomenon where he received a lot of help
externally and as I have here in this that is
that my wife drew this phenomenon
of parents helicopters where
us in the eagerness to try to help
to our children we become like that
person who is always willing to
help them we are aware that
have your medicine, we are waiting for
have your homework that they have their book and
we want our children to go out and
we want to help absolutely in everything
and we ask ourselves what happens
when we help people
what about that motivates them suddenly
get ahead truth to be more
independent that is to say that drinking
they become more dependent on this help
and in this very simple experiment what
that we did was tasting and for the
laboratory people and we gave him two
conditions in the first condition them
we paid so that they will count the
number of letters that they could see in a
text as you can see above in
this case of the letter h they had to
see and if they were correct we paid them
one dollar for each of these
conditions in the help condition
external we did exactly the same
but the lyrics is a lot more
visible as a way to have a
exogenous or external help
what did we find that
this help would serve people
as moderation or that would become more
Interestingly dependent on the beaver
we found that there were differences
Asymmetrical between men and women
women on the one hand was watching this
help and then we told him
well then in this experiment
you have the option to see how many
questions can you how much are
to see how much money they can grab and
fourth you obviously need that
everyone would think that everyone will
want the option can win the most
amount of money however that does not
was what we found in the
laboratory we found that the
people wanted to have that help
women specifically liked them
and also dependent on that help
however they accumulated their skills
to be able to produce these ideas in
change men we would have a little
more adherence the bell with us
we said good I use this help and
I do not need it anymore this is like
example when we navigate with a
gps for today we see and do not
we have lost certain kind of skills
to be able to produce them when
we for example remember when
we were children we have to square the
phone numbers to call
our friendships our families today
in day this skill has become something
obsolete because because now the
technology allows us to
we can have this phones
smart that we can record
these situations
everyone is always fascinated with the
Maya culture and its ability to
astrology however when was the
last time we saw the sky
to make decisions about where
let’s go or about really when
let’s plant a crop are
skills that have been lost so
the july message I started with the children
finished with the children that suddenly
provide that external help that later you
has very good intentions there are
have a lot of eye because in the eagerness to
we wanted to help people
so that they excel suddenly we can
have something that is completely opposite
thank you very much
[Applause]
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