[Music]
last year 11 February 2016
science announces we have measured them
waves gravitational waves
Gravitationals were for the first time
hypothesized by albert einstein e
in 1916, that is, one hundred years before but
no one had ever measured it
we did it recently thanks to the
precisely measuring the arrived waves
on earth from the clash between two holes
blacks took place one billion and 300
millions of years ago
the protagonists of this incredible
scientific adventure that can be glimpsed
quite good in the screen are two
fantastic tools the twins league
are two interferometers are in the states
united one and louisiana the other in the state
of Washington it is practically of
two tunnels placed at right angles
of the huge l with a hug of 4
kilometers a laser beam comes the
separated into two identical rays
at the intersection of the two tunnels fired
along the arms these come back
these two lasers are compared if
the earth suffers a jolt
gravitational because it passes a wave e
the earth and of course these too
two arms move in some way
rays that meet again at the center are
married
if they return the same non- gravitational
if waves come back out of phase
gravitational
here is a graph see
this for the first time we have
measured the existence of these waves
hypothesized one hundred years before
a hundred years ago because why there
we put so much to discover one
something so crazy because of the
four fundamental forces that would enjoy
a universe of gravity for both
we have very little while
we manipulate the force without problems
electromagnetic and the two nuclear forces
the strong force of the weak force and the
our knowledge of gravity is not
they went much further
to this legendary apple that falls on the
head of newton because it’s a question
strange because we know so little about the
severity
a little because we perceive it in any
that is, we feel we are heavy
attracted to the earth
a little because it is very weak because in
bottom is a minimum effort to have them
reason and win it and a little because
feel a little maybe it’s the only force in between
the four to have a multi nature
dimensional means that it goes beyond
three spatial dimensions plus one
time that we live
daily because for example for
the theory of strings that currently
is the queen among the theories like
aspiring to the title of theory of the whole
that is, the tv that explains a bit like
the universe works if gravity is
so weak so widespread and why it goes
in addition to the multi nature
shocked dimensional means that there
they are other dimensions
beyond what we perceive
how many dimension or 11 according to the theory
of the style the strings 40 according to others
the fact remains that there are probably
and they are everywhere even while we are
we also walk behind the bookstore where
floats matthew mcconaughey in
interstellar a fantastic sequence that
maybe he actually won him
win this film the Oscar prize for
special effects
ok let’s see how gravity works
let’s imagine taking an elastic cloth
we wait for good we put them in
half a weight this weight in the curve lo
space time ie the space fabric
temporal is curved whatever it is
subject is seen a little passes next to him
it is attracted to it or rather it is not that
there he is attracted to fall on us
right now we are falling towards
the center of the earth
the moon at this moment falls towards the
center of the earth and us towards his
center
ok but for us that we have one
mass and that we include space time
we are doing it right now
we have items stuck on them
because we attract or rather because there
they fall on us, who you are and little ones
because gravity is yes
manifest at the moment in which to act
are the planet giants and stars o
even the black holes we have
seen before this guy is called
carla gb hartfield physical german not
rejuvenated on the Belgian front parties
as a volunteer just as he wrote
at Einstein his first suppositions
on the black hole and einstein is not said
which at the beginning took it very seriously
rest did that he was the first ad
hypothesize it while the first black hole
of the history of cinema is this here
I do not know if you remember this movie
otherwise young people maybe yes
the black hole was the answer
of disney also makes war
stars that were at the time
depopulating the disney pulls this out
horrible to where good guys go through one
black hole to escape the bad guys
go to another part of the universe
a black hole and this is his
representation we say artistically
more realistic ie theoretically
we should see it or we should catch a glimpse of it
just as the state intervening is you
something that everyone is anything but empty
ie it is not traversable and indeed
very dense is so full of materials
precisely that famous space to be inflected
time up to an infinitesimal dot
with an infinite density with a pyre
infinite fingers such that neither
light manages to escape the light goes to
300,000 kilometers per second
it’s the fastest thing in the universe of
the more you can not and that’s why
It looks black just because the light does not
he escapes talking about it in a stupendous way
stephen hawking which is one of the
leading scholars of black holes here
represented in this wonderful movie
you have seen from shots at all by di
redman and which was one of them
the former are now coming back
on some positions but it was one of the
first to study them seriously ok but if
no universe is created and nothing is created
it destroys everything that ends up inside
a black hole maybe somewhere must
finish and where it ends
the same einstein hypothesized the existence
of multidimensional steps or that
they connect different regions of space
said the bridges of einstein rosen that
they work just like that, look there
an entry point is a point of
exit on time spaces perfectly
folded to make it short it takes 8
hours to get from Milan by train up to
I could put a power there
jump if you learn how to curve space
time and make it coincide milano with
here is power coming out of the dining room
of home I would have quietly in his
foot well we still get there and
maybe we hope I got everything right
installs gaza that also this on its
wormhole is precisely the holes you look at
a little we return to the apple the holes of
worm the wormhole that precisely are the
great hope for travel
interplanetary because otherwise
it would be a good drama to carry them out in the
science still does not exist but exist
all right in the science fiction here we see
still the interstellar sequence
when the two protagonists matthew
mcconaughey is the beautiful anne
hathway
they are made to shoot from a black hole for
reach the speed similar to that
of the light
serves impossible would loose
in the subatomic sin bottle
so much for him as for her instead for
luck they did not do this thing
or this is another role
important film stargate
in this case the passage opens
through an artifact a kind of
ring or magic that connects ours
world to the fanta egypt of these these
species of precisely Egyptian aliens a
other wormhole this is a little more
interesting from the point of view
scientific because it is the one open in the
film contact fincon tac is not a stuff
stupid because it was the version
of the eponymous novel by
karas hooks an important astrophysicist
of the last century
here we see the poor jodie foster that
is thrown in the warm hall and after a
important journey ends by some
part in the universe or even from
somewhere inside jodie foster
in short, a bit of a mess
but the fact is that this sequence
remember so let’s just say
hinted at this one a little more
famous
I do not want to say that zemeckis copied
let’s say that if deeply inspired
are 2001 odyssey in space
clearly we return to science
this is the artistic representation
of a surface of a nearby planet
proxima b and the planet right now
that we discovered closer to
earth that revolves around next
centaurs a starlet a red dwarf
in the constellation of the centaur stands
on the other side we do not see it from here to
I’ll show it short because it’s seen
from here just over four light years
means that at this moment if a
alien inhabitant on this planet there
look if he would see us as we were
four years ago as we were that
we did not know but they would see us
in those days this would see her
that is, four years ok this object here
this dot that you see speeding is
to date the fastest vehicle
here it is built by man is called
new horizon and is the satellite that has
reached two years ago
the orbit of pluto you remember those
beautiful images of the planet col
heart and those pluto ok here it is not
laugh onna is very fast goes to around 16
kilometers per second
it’s not a little if we were to send in yours
eyes on su proxima b would employ 75
thousand years or so but very well
if we can not open a wormhole
even the fastest object we have
built up to now it puts 75 milani
I remind you that dinosaurs have become extinct
65 thousand years ago
in short, the order of time is that
oh well then let’s see if there is
something else
from a technological point of view
here it is called black stars choc ed
is a project currently funded by
a Russian magnate who has a yuri miller
behind the scientific endorse of stephen
hopkins is also our friend
zuckerberg that at this moment you are
looking at if they give it what it consists of
it’s about micro waves as big as one
apple point here that returns with delle
very light sails fired in space
from these capsules and pushes but of lasers
very powerful that all leave together
from the earth swell with these photons
sails and hope the objective has more or
less one fifth of the speed of the
light
means that the mute would laugh up
proxime of more or less in twenty years
so twenty years to get 4 years for
receive return signal even at one
next speed of a fifth of
that of light
it would take us on the nearest planet
24 years to have the first signal is
then a knock reply tano and the probe of
4 years at a time too uncomfortable
chat with the bank every four years
at least you must remember what it is
said ok refer to science fiction
because if that first project is
something scientific similar to
science fiction but it is science fiction
It has been translated so well
scientifically correct as in star
trek enough to earn this series
a volume that just the physics of stars
trek that explains how it works
the enterprise that we see here in the
old and new version
how it works interpreters this is the
my personal interpreter
in practice the famous warp drive
it does nothing but create a depression
temporal space in front of the
the spaceship and a space compression
time behind then there was a
huge gravitational wave that
the enterprise bypasses as a kind of
less clear surfing is how it works
the millennium falcon of star wars
because if it’s true that it’s going fast
but we do not know how fast it goes
at least they do not tell us why it’s okay
I greet you this I eat it later
[Applause]
last year 11 February 2016
science announces we have measured them
waves gravitational waves
Gravitationals were for the first time
hypothesized by albert einstein e
in 1916, that is, one hundred years before but
no one had ever measured it
we did it recently thanks to the
precisely measuring the arrived waves
on earth from the clash between two holes
blacks took place one billion and 300
millions of years ago
the protagonists of this incredible
scientific adventure that can be glimpsed
quite good in the screen are two
fantastic tools the twins league
are two interferometers are in the states
united one and louisiana the other in the state
of Washington it is practically of
two tunnels placed at right angles
of the huge l with a hug of 4
kilometers a laser beam comes the
separated into two identical rays
at the intersection of the two tunnels fired
along the arms these come back
these two lasers are compared if
the earth suffers a jolt
gravitational because it passes a wave e
the earth and of course these too
two arms move in some way
rays that meet again at the center are
married
if they return the same non- gravitational
if waves come back out of phase
gravitational
here is a graph see
this for the first time we have
measured the existence of these waves
hypothesized one hundred years before
a hundred years ago because why there
we put so much to discover one
something so crazy because of the
four fundamental forces that would enjoy
a universe of gravity for both
we have very little while
we manipulate the force without problems
electromagnetic and the two nuclear forces
the strong force of the weak force and the
our knowledge of gravity is not
they went much further
to this legendary apple that falls on the
head of newton because it’s a question
strange because we know so little about the
severity
a little because we perceive it in any
that is, we feel we are heavy
attracted to the earth
a little because it is very weak because in
bottom is a minimum effort to have them
reason and win it and a little because
feel a little maybe it’s the only force in between
the four to have a multi nature
dimensional means that it goes beyond
three spatial dimensions plus one
time that we live
daily because for example for
the theory of strings that currently
is the queen among the theories like
aspiring to the title of theory of the whole
that is, the tv that explains a bit like
the universe works if gravity is
so weak so widespread and why it goes
in addition to the multi nature
shocked dimensional means that there
they are other dimensions
beyond what we perceive
how many dimension or 11 according to the theory
of the style the strings 40 according to others
the fact remains that there are probably
and they are everywhere even while we are
we also walk behind the bookstore where
floats matthew mcconaughey in
interstellar a fantastic sequence that
maybe he actually won him
win this film the Oscar prize for
special effects
ok let’s see how gravity works
let’s imagine taking an elastic cloth
we wait for good we put them in
half a weight this weight in the curve lo
space time ie the space fabric
temporal is curved whatever it is
subject is seen a little passes next to him
it is attracted to it or rather it is not that
there he is attracted to fall on us
right now we are falling towards
the center of the earth
the moon at this moment falls towards the
center of the earth and us towards his
center
ok but for us that we have one
mass and that we include space time
we are doing it right now
we have items stuck on them
because we attract or rather because there
they fall on us, who you are and little ones
because gravity is yes
manifest at the moment in which to act
are the planet giants and stars o
even the black holes we have
seen before this guy is called
carla gb hartfield physical german not
rejuvenated on the Belgian front parties
as a volunteer just as he wrote
at Einstein his first suppositions
on the black hole and einstein is not said
which at the beginning took it very seriously
rest did that he was the first ad
hypothesize it while the first black hole
of the history of cinema is this here
I do not know if you remember this movie
otherwise young people maybe yes
the black hole was the answer
of disney also makes war
stars that were at the time
depopulating the disney pulls this out
horrible to where good guys go through one
black hole to escape the bad guys
go to another part of the universe
a black hole and this is his
representation we say artistically
more realistic ie theoretically
we should see it or we should catch a glimpse of it
just as the state intervening is you
something that everyone is anything but empty
ie it is not traversable and indeed
very dense is so full of materials
precisely that famous space to be inflected
time up to an infinitesimal dot
with an infinite density with a pyre
infinite fingers such that neither
light manages to escape the light goes to
300,000 kilometers per second
it’s the fastest thing in the universe of
the more you can not and that’s why
It looks black just because the light does not
he escapes talking about it in a stupendous way
stephen hawking which is one of the
leading scholars of black holes here
represented in this wonderful movie
you have seen from shots at all by di
redman and which was one of them
the former are now coming back
on some positions but it was one of the
first to study them seriously ok but if
no universe is created and nothing is created
it destroys everything that ends up inside
a black hole maybe somewhere must
finish and where it ends
the same einstein hypothesized the existence
of multidimensional steps or that
they connect different regions of space
said the bridges of einstein rosen that
they work just like that, look there
an entry point is a point of
exit on time spaces perfectly
folded to make it short it takes 8
hours to get from Milan by train up to
I could put a power there
jump if you learn how to curve space
time and make it coincide milano with
here is power coming out of the dining room
of home I would have quietly in his
foot well we still get there and
maybe we hope I got everything right
installs gaza that also this on its
wormhole is precisely the holes you look at
a little we return to the apple the holes of
worm the wormhole that precisely are the
great hope for travel
interplanetary because otherwise
it would be a good drama to carry them out in the
science still does not exist but exist
all right in the science fiction here we see
still the interstellar sequence
when the two protagonists matthew
mcconaughey is the beautiful anne
hathway
they are made to shoot from a black hole for
reach the speed similar to that
of the light
serves impossible would loose
in the subatomic sin bottle
so much for him as for her instead for
luck they did not do this thing
or this is another role
important film stargate
in this case the passage opens
through an artifact a kind of
ring or magic that connects ours
world to the fanta egypt of these these
species of precisely Egyptian aliens a
other wormhole this is a little more
interesting from the point of view
scientific because it is the one open in the
film contact fincon tac is not a stuff
stupid because it was the version
of the eponymous novel by
karas hooks an important astrophysicist
of the last century
here we see the poor jodie foster that
is thrown in the warm hall and after a
important journey ends by some
part in the universe or even from
somewhere inside jodie foster
in short, a bit of a mess
but the fact is that this sequence
remember so let’s just say
hinted at this one a little more
famous
I do not want to say that zemeckis copied
let’s say that if deeply inspired
are 2001 odyssey in space
clearly we return to science
this is the artistic representation
of a surface of a nearby planet
proxima b and the planet right now
that we discovered closer to
earth that revolves around next
centaurs a starlet a red dwarf
in the constellation of the centaur stands
on the other side we do not see it from here to
I’ll show it short because it’s seen
from here just over four light years
means that at this moment if a
alien inhabitant on this planet there
look if he would see us as we were
four years ago as we were that
we did not know but they would see us
in those days this would see her
that is, four years ok this object here
this dot that you see speeding is
to date the fastest vehicle
here it is built by man is called
new horizon and is the satellite that has
reached two years ago
the orbit of pluto you remember those
beautiful images of the planet col
heart and those pluto ok here it is not
laugh onna is very fast goes to around 16
kilometers per second
it’s not a little if we were to send in yours
eyes on su proxima b would employ 75
thousand years or so but very well
if we can not open a wormhole
even the fastest object we have
built up to now it puts 75 milani
I remind you that dinosaurs have become extinct
65 thousand years ago
in short, the order of time is that
oh well then let’s see if there is
something else
from a technological point of view
here it is called black stars choc ed
is a project currently funded by
a Russian magnate who has a yuri miller
behind the scientific endorse of stephen
hopkins is also our friend
zuckerberg that at this moment you are
looking at if they give it what it consists of
it’s about micro waves as big as one
apple point here that returns with delle
very light sails fired in space
from these capsules and pushes but of lasers
very powerful that all leave together
from the earth swell with these photons
sails and hope the objective has more or
less one fifth of the speed of the
light
means that the mute would laugh up
proxime of more or less in twenty years
so twenty years to get 4 years for
receive return signal even at one
next speed of a fifth of
that of light
it would take us on the nearest planet
24 years to have the first signal is
then a knock reply tano and the probe of
4 years at a time too uncomfortable
chat with the bank every four years
at least you must remember what it is
said ok refer to science fiction
because if that first project is
something scientific similar to
science fiction but it is science fiction
It has been translated so well
scientifically correct as in star
trek enough to earn this series
a volume that just the physics of stars
trek that explains how it works
the enterprise that we see here in the
old and new version
how it works interpreters this is the
my personal interpreter
in practice the famous warp drive
it does nothing but create a depression
temporal space in front of the
the spaceship and a space compression
time behind then there was a
huge gravitational wave that
the enterprise bypasses as a kind of
less clear surfing is how it works
the millennium falcon of star wars
because if it’s true that it’s going fast
but we do not know how fast it goes
at least they do not tell us why it’s okay
I greet you this I eat it later
[Applause]
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