when we cut update animals and we also
take surgical biopsies from animals and
we read out diagnosis and we read out
the reasons why animals are you sick or
ab dermatitis or hepatitis whatever and
so long this is my son here and i sat by
lilly last night so I we had some of
those conversations that were just
fantastic and my wife she’s from
Bellevue and that’s our there so my talk
today is about animal health and
discovering animal health and it’s
interrelatedness to human disease in
global health and I’m going to talk
about domestic animals and exotic
animals somewhat so that’s that’s what
I’m going to talk about the health of
animals especially our domestic even
even some of our livestock animals and
how it’s interrelated to human in global
health and so as a veterinary
pathologist and a veteran at
veterinarian we’re well positioned to
see this because this we’re seeing
animals that die is apologist other
veterinarians are diagnosing disease but
we’re seeing the lesions histologically
microscopically that’s going on some of
these animal tissues that’s very similar
to what you see in human disease but
we’re at that point where we’re seeing
some stuff that maybe others don’t see
and there’s plenty of scientists that do
similar things and they have great ideas
also but there’s there’s a core that a
few core things in these examples that
I’ll talk about today and I bet that you
know most of these that I’m going to
talk about that anybody know where this
is by the way you probably do its
Bellevue like a damn number 12 and so
that’s Charlie fragments flatness he’s
from Mason said he’s a friend of mine
and he’s well positioned there to die
them to lock and dam number 12
Mississippi River and that’s that’s my
correlate of us being as veterinarians
be well positioned for diagnosis of
these diseases anybody know this guy
probably not I didn’t and so his name is
dr. Salman and he was from the first
veterinary class in the United States
well in the universe
canon is the oldest vendor school in our
Comerica but he was from the first met
in our class but dr. salman si el mo an
ring bell so Salman not the fish but
he’s important for one thing and
probably many other things too but he
was a guy that isolated salmonella and
salmonella is caused typhoid fever and
all that so he reckoned he was working
in microbiology and we recognize this
organism identified it and that organism
cause disease in a lot of different
species but it also causes disease in
humans also working in his lab is
Theobald Smith and Theobald Smith
identified in cultured brucellosis which
also causes these and animals that can
also cause in the cause disease in
humans as well so there’s an example of
somebody just kind of porphyrin kind of
working on things recognizing things
putting two and two together and
identified some things this one is Bill
have oh and Bill have Oh kind of looking
what I have there I have up on the
screen scrapie and kuru and you can see
a sheep and then right next to that is a
brain it’s a section of a brain and I’ve
met bill he’s a veterinarian he’s a
veterinary pathologist he passed away a
couple years ago wonderful humble you a
human being but in the 1950s he was some
working on scraping and scrape is a
disease it’s a CNS disease that’s its
kind of obscure and he was noticing that
the sheep and even talk eventually went
to work on mink encephalopathy and
chronic wasting disease and sheep but he
was noticing these things in chief and
he had read about this disease called
kuru in Guinea in New Guinea some of the
native people that live in New Guinea
and they had a ritual of eating at some
sort of ritual were they eat brains so
there’s some cannibalism and they
developed this deletion and it come to
find out that it was a prion disease
which we now know in these cruel people
or in this disease called kuru that is
actually similar to scrapie and sheep
and so he put that together and that
what I have out there that text up there
is a letter he sent to the
lancet the journal Lancet and he
connected these two things and
eventually people went on and said aha
yes they are connected and then then
further on then staniel prisoner he
identified prion ceased being the cause
of these and so unfortunately he didn’t
get the Nobel Prize everybody that
worked on that around him ended up
getting the Nobel Prize but he was the
one that connected it and came that
close to the Nobel Prize but don’t put
that connection get really interesting
story and humble is just our most humble
guy and so accomplished so then this one
this is dr. John clue be an island in
another veterinary pathologist and
you’ll see there’s some sections there
there’s a brain and then there’s another
brain on the right and then there’s a
cow that’s kind of stumbling around well
John Kluge was working about he was a
veteran pathologist in my part with my
current department and when he retired
he worked for an vsl national veterinary
services lab and their job is to look at
brains of cattle letter down to make
sure that we’re not getting bovine
spongiform encephalopathy in the united
states which is mad cow disease and mad
cow disease is a prion disease similar
bill had holes that just rape improve
thing that i was just talking about but
one Saturday John was looking in the
slides and we had never had BF c in the
United States and John was looking at
his slides 20 slides and number 18 was
red and he’s not that’s really odd you
know why is that red well he went
through one by one by one by one
negative negative deadly that red one he
thought he was an artifact no it was mad
cow so he called that the billion-dollar
diagnosis which has potentially funny
and real because then during that
weekend I think he diagnosed it on a
Saturday and then the stocks changed
immensely by monday and it probably
changed mcdonough stocks or whatever bye
dollars and since then we’ve had mad cow
we’ve had a few cattle that have had it
but you know we’re living with it were
understanding and diagnosing it better
it’s just not United States much anymore
but just another example of a person
putting a couple things together and the
effects that it has on on animal and
human in global health Tracy McNamara
she’s a veterinary pathologist I met
Tracy when she we were training at a
similar training session years ago and
then I want my way she went her way and
she was working at the Bronx Zoo in New
York and she noticed in 1999 some
there’s reports of horses dying and then
in New York City there are reports of
people dying and then a reports of crows
dying so I think this might be sounded
familiar to you and but she was at the
zoo and the cormorants are dying I can
hardly say that word but it’s a bird she
noticed the cormorants are dying and
Tracy was thinking could there be
something connected between the humans
the horse the crows the cormorants and
so she did a whole bunch of
investigation and a whole bunch of work
ends up West Nile virus that’s what it
was and she had that virus isolated from
the car- it was a flavivirus is what it
is had it isolated here at NV SL in Ames
Iowa and the CDC wouldn’t believe it
because lots of the bedroom lab we don’t
quite believe that it’s not quite
accurate and then she it’s fun to cook
listen to her talk but she ended up you
know cracking the case and that’s what
it ended up being small world I know her
and ends up that she’s going to talk to
our student pathology group on tuesday
she’s going to zoom in and do a zoom
with our student group so another
connection big impact West Nile still
around about 2010 where there’s a little
more higher incidence of it but now it’s
a little bit thin the backwater but it’s
just a neat thing and it shows the
interdependence again of some of these
diseases in our domestic
animals that affect global human health
but this is Nancy Jax and her husband
Jerry jacks they’re in the military and
so one picture of them is in the uniform
their Kansas State University Nancy’s a
veterinary pathologist Jerry is not a
veterinary pathologist into the
veterinarian but I just talked about
this one because in Reston Virginia a
fair number of years ago they are the
ones that there was an outbreak of Ebola
virus in Reston Virginia was in a
research lab and they’re in their suits
there they had to go in they did all
this brave work and then off an offshoot
was that was the book called outbreak
and then the movie was hot so on then
the hot zone came out so they work with
Ebola virus and then as you know a few
years ago that’s been out in in Africa
and it’s been spreading and now that’s
dad down a little bit too but anyway
those are two again veterinary
pathologist right on the cutting edge
veterinarians that see this and put well
that wasn’t putting two to do two
together that was working with the virus
itself and it was really neat they have
really need stories about what they did
the only thing I would add to that story
is that their veterinarians outbreak
came out but when the movie came out on
the hot zone they ended up changing him
from veterinarians to physicians I don’t
know why exactly but it’s just probably
something better they made a better
story I don’t know so I got a couple
more examples and this is a friend of
mine mark williamson and so he’s not an
eye when he’s an Australian actually but
he worked at Iowa State University
veterinary pathologist and he’s the one
on the low broad one and he’s with his
friend they did a swim meet in Australia
and they just got done and so on that’s
him there but mark worked on hendra
virus and in Australia there were some
horses dying again and people were
wondering why and it ends up that there
was these some flying foxes the bat
that’s shown there and the flying foxes
would rest on trees and then they’re
dropped they eat the fruit droppings had
come down the horses would eat through
the horse of the die but hendra virus is
a paramyxovirus and people were dying
too so they also worked with these
infectious agents they ended up stopping
it it didn’t
bread watch out of Australia and
probably never will because the flying
foxes are the kind of a unique niche but
it is one of those small connections
connections of a disease that affects
our domestic animals in some spread to
humans as well just kind of interesting
as well so now this is I’m gonna give an
example here I just have two more
examples and I’ll be doing but this is
not really an outbreak of things this is
cystic fibrosis people familiar with
cystic fibrosis it’s a devastating
disease of infants that’s being treated
better and better with time now the
infant song live a lot longer than they
used to but it’s a genetic defects and
they’re cftr receptor gene so they don’t
secrete chloride into the lungs and they
get a lot of ammonia is pretty easily
they also have some pancreatic
deficiencies there was a mouse model
this they knocked out that gene in mice
but the mice never had the respiratory
problem and that’s a big problem because
most individuals if they die they die of
the respiratory component more so than
pancreatic calls for operations and so
in the top I guess your top right is
Mike Welsch she’s an Iowan Paul McRae’s
from Davenport I when they’re both
physicians and in the middle center is
Dave Meyer Holtz and he’s a veterinary
pathologist from wapello he worked at
I’ve State University and those three
got together and they decided they were
going to make a cystic fibrosis pig and
they did and the pig has a respiratory
relations and the respiratory lesions
mimic that Memphis very well and so it’s
a huge breakthrough it’s a neat model
and now it’s used it so I think one of
the leading models for studying cystic
fibrosis and infants in this model and
things and so all islands here at the
University of Iowa a domestic animal
that we know really well and it’s it’s
important to our economy but they’ve
used that need to see a pig and it’s
just fantastic model and now they can
use it for therapies and valuable seen
on different disease conditions of
cystic fibrosis symptoms so now i’m near
to the end of my talk in this is me so
this is i’m up on that picnic table my
grandma and spray Pope took that picture
I don’t know how I didn’t fall off I had
these slick shoes on and I’m feeding
that little lamb but I work with lambs
now and i work with respiratory
syncytial virus people familiar with
that you’ve probably all had it and it
causes the common cold but in infants it
causes severe pneumonia and it causes
bronchiolitis and here again rsd doesn’t
have a great model oops cotton rat model
there’s a mouse model and it doesn’t
have it’s missing a lot of stuff and so
some of my work I’ve worked on
respiratory syncytial virus and lambs
which seems kind of odd but the neat
thing is this virus in human replicates
well in lands and I wasn’t the first to
start this land model some others
Randall couplet and hard lehmkuhl at the
national anthem of the sea center first
started working with bovine respiratory
syncytial virus and lambs and started
working on it and then marks Williamson
a guy from Australia came up to me one
time and said hey mark jammer I think
about working on RSV and putting that
human virus into lambs and said no and
so I did and now we’ve developed this
model a lot of work number of years but
now we’re using this model to test human
pharmaceuticals and I was at the
International RSV meeting in Argentina
last September and it’s looking like
there could be a drug for RSV and
probably the next five to ten years and
a couple of the drugs were working with
one is already in infants or adults and
going in infants and another one is in
humans and working well in humans and so
that’s a really heat operate or outcome
and it’s just working with this virus
strain again using one of our animal
models to study a human disease that has
a global impact because RSV is it’s not
only affects house here in the United
States but it could be devastated in
certain countries so then lastly there
like I said there’s many many other
people working on a lot of these
diseases that have global
pack I have this as the door of my
office in science magazines one of the I
guess highest-quality scientific
journals that there is science and
nature they’re very important you can
publish in science you’re doing really
well well I I collect those that have a
bomb some of our animals domestic
animals are wild animals here and they
don’t they’re cute most of them are cute
but that’s not why they’re on the cover
they’re on the cover because they have
some sort of paradigm shift or very very
significant impact on disease or basic
biology or basic medicine and I have
that there because it’s just another
indication of a global impact of some of
our animal models that affects health in
life of our biodiversity in India in the
world and also the health of humans in
the health of our animals in the
domestic and wild animals there’s a
number of offshoots from those and there
always will continue to be and we have
one planet and I think you have to keep
the help with this planet com safe and
secure and we need to just continually
learn about all these diseases in the
wide biodiversity yeah and that’s all I got thank you