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Michio Kaku: In The Future We Might Stop Aging. Some Probably Already Have.


you know we have something called the
Battle of the billionaire’s on one hand
we have Mark Zuckerberg who says that
artificial intelligence will create new
jobs new opportunities new billionaires
waiting to be minted then we have Elon
Musk
of SpaceX saying not so fast they pose
an existential threat so who’s right
Zuckerberg or must well my personal
point of view is very simple in the
short term Zuckerberg is right we’re
talking about entire industries waiting
to be born
new opportunities jobs productive
capabilities to energize the economy but
let’s not be naive on the long term
robots do potentially pose an
existential risk what is the tipping
point the tipping point between
Zuckerberg and musk is the question of
self-awareness you see robots do not
know they are robots robots are adding
machines we forget that they’re not
thinking in the usual sense of the word
they’re not self-aware
in fact our most advanced robots today
have the intelligence of a cockroach a
stupid cockroach a lobotomize stupid
cockroach however as time goes by
they’re going to be as smart as a mouse
then as smart as a rat then as smart as
a rabbit then as smart as a cat then a
dog and then a monkey at that point by
the end of the century they could be
dangerous because he monkeys are
self-aware monkeys no they are not human
you see dogs think that we or a dog dogs
think that we are the top dog and
they’re the underdog so their conception
of self-awareness is a little bit fuzzy
but by the time robots become as smart
as a monkey then there’s no question
they know they are monkeys at that point
I think we shall put a chip in their
brain to shut them off if they have
murderous thoughts so this is going to
be I think in the end of the century we
have plenty of time to prepare for it as
a former director of MIT s artificial
intelligence laboratory once told me the
probability that a robot will walk out
of somebody’s garage with human
intelligence is similar to the
probability that a hurricane will create
industry will become bigger than the
automobile industry of today how do we
know that because in the future your
automobile will become a robot you’ll
talk to it you’ll argue with it you’ll
have all sorts of conversations with
your car so the car will become part of
the robotics industry not only that but
I think robotics are gonna change the
way we view medicine you see we have had
four waves of innovation that have
energized our society the first wave was
steam power when we physicists worked
out the laws of thermodynamics that gave
us the steam engine which gave us the
Industrial Revolution and machines so
that’s when we physicists worked out
thermodynamics the loss of heat second
80 years after that we physicists
worked out the laws of electricity and
magnetism and that gave us television
radio it gave us the electric revolution
of today 80 years after that we
physicists invented the transistor we
invented the laser we invented the space
program and they gave us high technology
so the first way was steam power
the second way was electricity
the third way was high tech the question
is what is the fourth wave the fourth
wave I claim is going to be artificial
intelligence biotech and nanotech so let
us now talk about the digitization of
the human body already in surgery
surgery can be done on the internet and
we’re going to have artificial
intelligence in the operating room so
that doctors will be able to talk to
Watson even as they perform surgery and
robots are going to be in the home also
in Japan they are creating robot nurses
in fact the Japanese are the leaders in
creating robot nurses and why is that
because the Japanese population is
contracting right now and because
they’re contracting and because the
population is aging they need robots to
take care of an aging population so
something similar will happen here as
well also we’re going to put these
robots inside our body we’re gonna take
a small aspirin pill we can do this
today put a chip in it with a magnet and
a camera you swallow it and we can track
the motion of this capsule as it goes
into your stomach and into your
intestines sending gorgeous pictures of
your insides because we all know what
middle age
men fear the most they fear the c-word
colonoscopy that’s when they stick that
tube up your rear but this gives new
meaning for the expression Intel Inside
yes Intel will always be inside so we
are going to digitize the human body
this is going to be the next big
breakthrough in computer technology and
we’re going to solve problems like the
aging process let’s say we take the
genome of millions of old people then we
take the genome of millions of young
people and then we have artificial
intelligence to analyze the difference
between the genes of old people and the
genes of young people bingo that’s how
we find the genes where aging takes
place we have already found 60 genes
involved in the aging process so here’s
a simple experiment in a car where does
aging take place in a car well that’s
obvious right the engine and why the
engine because that’s where you have
moving parts and you have oxidation and
combustion well where in the human body
do you have the engine and the answer is
the mitochondria bingo we have now found
where Aging takes place in the human
body the genes of the mitochondria are
the first to be damaged by the aging
process now certain animals don’t age
hardly at all for example the Greenland
shark the Greenland shark lives to be
over 400 years of age how do we know
that you take the eyeball of the
Greenland shark and you realize that it
adds a layer every year like a tree ring
by counting the rings on the eye of the
green line
shark you know that it lives to be more
than 400 years of age so the point here
is one day when we digitize the human
body then we’ll also have the option of
perhaps solving the aging process itself
some scientists speculate that our
grandkids or grandkids when they reach
the age of 30 they may simply stop aging
and they may live for many decades at
the age of 30 because they like being 30
years of age so artificial intelligence
may be the key to the Fountain of Youth
and as our organs begin to get old and
worn out we will grow new organs this is
an ear it is made out of plastic we
seeded from cells from your own ear they
grow into the plastic the plastic
eventually dissolves leaving a perfect
ear we can now grow ears skin bone
cartilage heart valves we can now grow
windpipes we can now grow body parts the
next major organ to be grown is the
liver so for all your alcoholics and the
audience cake heart yes we will
eventually solve the ability to create
organs of the body like the liver and
when we replace them we’ll be able to
rejuvenate parts of the body and once
again because of artificial intelligence
because of computer technology we may be
able to solve the problem of the aging
process in fact there are two kinds of
aging one is digital immortality as a
possibility and the other one is genetic
immortality we talked about genetic
immortality artificial intelligence may
analyze the data from millions of people
and isolate the gene
which control the aging process but we
can also digitize people as well
if you digitize somebody you digitize
everything known about that person and
you put it on a disk in the future when
you go to the library instead of taking
out a book on Winston Churchill you will
talk to Winston Churchill because
everything known about him has been
digitized his videos his speeches
everything digitized and you’ll talk to
him you’ll talk to a holographic image
I wouldn’t mind talking to Einstein I
would love an opportunity to have a
conversation with Einstein one day you
may be digitize so that your great great
great great grandkids may go to the
library and have a conversation with you
just think about that now digital
immortality is that really you well to
paraphrase
Bill Clinton it all depends on how you
define you if you are a biological
entity then know you’re talking to a
tape recorder that can mimic everything
knowing about you but if you represents
the sum total of your memories your
sensations your history your video your
instagrams your credit card transactions
if that is you then in some sense you
can live forever in digitized form in
fact I personally believe that one day
by the end of the century when we can
digitize people we will put that
information on a laser beam and send it
into outer space one second you’re on
the moon all your information your soul
everything known about you one second
you’re on the moon 15 minutes you’re on
Mars for years you’re an Alpha Centauri
think about that
conquering the galaxy at the speed of
light on a laser beam by shooting
consciousness into outer space perhaps
by the end of this century in fact let
me stick my neck out I think that this
already exists I think that if there are
aliens in outer space
they already have created a laser port a
laser superhighway with million billions
of souls laser porting themselves across
the galaxy and we we humans are too
primitive to even know it so the galaxy
could be teeming with Souls laser
porting their consciousness across the
galaxy and we are too primitive to even know it

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