Anna Freud is the daughter of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis.
In 1895, she was born in Vienna, her father’s radical theory of sex and psychology.
It is making a name in Europe. She worked as a teacher in her early years.
Then became a psychoanalyst. She is a pioneer in child psychotherapy and has established medical clinics and nurseries for children.
These are mostly survivors of war and Nazi persecution.
Or a child who is troubled by life
The most important point is that she is the best teacher for us to learn the “defense mechanism”.
“defense mechanism”
She has an in-depth interpretation of this in her 1936 book, Self and Defense Mechanism.
This book first puts forward a core point: we have the instinct to protect ourselves.
We protect the “self” through various defense mechanisms, that is, our own image
The problem is that while we protect ourselves from the immediate harm,
We will sacrifice long-term benefits. During this process,
We slowly mature
Anna Freud focuses on ten major defense mechanisms
Denial
Denial is that we do not recognize the existence of the problem. For example, we have such an idea
I like to drink, although I am hangover occasionally, I can still control myself.
If others force us to face the problem, our attitude will be very bad.
This instinctive defense mechanism is only a quick act
Means refusing to admit that you need to change
2. Projection
Through projection, people transfer some negative emotions to others.
For example, you may be tempted that your lover will blame you for not making more money this year than last year.
But in fact, they may understand your difficulties very well.
This mean idea is not from loved ones, but on oneself.
And it is very likely to come from your mother. You have a negative emotion,
But you don’t admit that this emotion comes from yourself, but from other people, this is the projection mechanism.
3. Turn to yourself
This is a mechanism to evade worse thoughts by belittle yourself.
For example, trying to escape the idea that “people who like you don’t love themselves”
Anna Freud recognizes that children often do this. Children who have been abused by their parents,
Usually produce a self-proclaimed idea, not willing to believe that parents do not love themselves
He may think, I am definitely nothing, so my parents are like this to me.
Only then can they believe that they still love their parents.
It’s undoubtedly painful to find yourself useless, but it’s a vulnerable heart for your child.
This is far better than believing in your parents.
Don’t care about yourself
Sublimation
By sublimation, we put some unacceptable thoughts or emotions, usually about sex or violence,
Expressed in a higher way. Many artists, especially musicians,
Use sublimation to bring negative life experiences, such as drug use, social problems, family problems, etc.
Transformed into popular art for the public. no doubt,
Sublimation is one of the best defense mechanisms
5. Retreat
Anna Freud believes that when faced with difficulties, we will choose to retreat.
Take some childhood coping methods, that is, children often react to mistakes –
avoid responsibility. The children believe that mistakes are always in others,
Usually from parents, they should be responsible for correcting
By retreating, we treat ourselves as pure and innocent babies.
This world is responsible for us, they should solve the problem
Anna noticed that many mentally sound adults also use the retreat mechanism when facing stress, which is normal.
But it’s not good if it lasts too long.
6. Rationalization
Rationalization is our behavior or encounter
Find an excuse to look smart,
And let us feel that we are innocent, kind, and meaningful. For example, when our interview was rejected,
The rationalization mechanism will tell you that this company is very boring, I didn’t want this job.
We may really want this job
But it’s too shameful to admit it to yourself.
7. Intellectualization
Reasonable and rationalized
Loss, guilt, betrayal, anger, etc. when breaking up with a partner
You can neutralize other things by thinking about other things, such as studying the history of the end of the Roman Empire, or thinking about the pros and cons of government interest rate hikes.
Many scholars have done a lot of thinking and are ashamed of using the rationalization mechanism.
Because their research results are urgent to the eyes
no help
8. Reverse action
Reverse action means that our behavior is contrary to our initial intentions.
For example, some people have sexual urges for teenagers.
May join a religion that promotes abstinence among young people
We often make reverse behaviors during our teenage years.
For example, a crush on a classmate, but showing a mean, overbearing, do not admit that he likes
Just to avoid embarrassing situations
9. Transfer
Transfer means that we transfer aggressive desires to other people.
Usually choose a weak target, a typical example is
Some people are reprimanded by the boss at work and dare not resist, so they return home and vent their emotions to their lover.
10. Fantasy
Through fantasy, we imagine the problem as non-existent
Or separate yourself from reality. The common way is to daydream, read literary works, or watch pornography.
In these happy times, we fled the cruel real world.
Looking for a touch of tranquility
When Anna Freud describes the defense mechanism, the language is warm and generous.
She knows that these self-defenses are natural, and they also notice the trouble they bring.
They hinder the development of our business, others are bored, and hurt people who care about us.
Freud claimed
Most people use the defense mechanism at least five times a day without knowing it.
She wrote this book to help people better understand their daily behavior.
I hope we can mature a little more in the future.
Less “Floyd”
Defensive behavior
In 1895, she was born in Vienna, her father’s radical theory of sex and psychology.
It is making a name in Europe. She worked as a teacher in her early years.
Then became a psychoanalyst. She is a pioneer in child psychotherapy and has established medical clinics and nurseries for children.
These are mostly survivors of war and Nazi persecution.
Or a child who is troubled by life
The most important point is that she is the best teacher for us to learn the “defense mechanism”.
“defense mechanism”
She has an in-depth interpretation of this in her 1936 book, Self and Defense Mechanism.
This book first puts forward a core point: we have the instinct to protect ourselves.
We protect the “self” through various defense mechanisms, that is, our own image
The problem is that while we protect ourselves from the immediate harm,
We will sacrifice long-term benefits. During this process,
We slowly mature
Anna Freud focuses on ten major defense mechanisms
Denial
Denial is that we do not recognize the existence of the problem. For example, we have such an idea
I like to drink, although I am hangover occasionally, I can still control myself.
If others force us to face the problem, our attitude will be very bad.
This instinctive defense mechanism is only a quick act
Means refusing to admit that you need to change
2. Projection
Through projection, people transfer some negative emotions to others.
For example, you may be tempted that your lover will blame you for not making more money this year than last year.
But in fact, they may understand your difficulties very well.
This mean idea is not from loved ones, but on oneself.
And it is very likely to come from your mother. You have a negative emotion,
But you don’t admit that this emotion comes from yourself, but from other people, this is the projection mechanism.
3. Turn to yourself
This is a mechanism to evade worse thoughts by belittle yourself.
For example, trying to escape the idea that “people who like you don’t love themselves”
Anna Freud recognizes that children often do this. Children who have been abused by their parents,
Usually produce a self-proclaimed idea, not willing to believe that parents do not love themselves
He may think, I am definitely nothing, so my parents are like this to me.
Only then can they believe that they still love their parents.
It’s undoubtedly painful to find yourself useless, but it’s a vulnerable heart for your child.
This is far better than believing in your parents.
Don’t care about yourself
Sublimation
By sublimation, we put some unacceptable thoughts or emotions, usually about sex or violence,
Expressed in a higher way. Many artists, especially musicians,
Use sublimation to bring negative life experiences, such as drug use, social problems, family problems, etc.
Transformed into popular art for the public. no doubt,
Sublimation is one of the best defense mechanisms
5. Retreat
Anna Freud believes that when faced with difficulties, we will choose to retreat.
Take some childhood coping methods, that is, children often react to mistakes –
avoid responsibility. The children believe that mistakes are always in others,
Usually from parents, they should be responsible for correcting
By retreating, we treat ourselves as pure and innocent babies.
This world is responsible for us, they should solve the problem
Anna noticed that many mentally sound adults also use the retreat mechanism when facing stress, which is normal.
But it’s not good if it lasts too long.
6. Rationalization
Rationalization is our behavior or encounter
Find an excuse to look smart,
And let us feel that we are innocent, kind, and meaningful. For example, when our interview was rejected,
The rationalization mechanism will tell you that this company is very boring, I didn’t want this job.
We may really want this job
But it’s too shameful to admit it to yourself.
7. Intellectualization
Reasonable and rationalized
Loss, guilt, betrayal, anger, etc. when breaking up with a partner
You can neutralize other things by thinking about other things, such as studying the history of the end of the Roman Empire, or thinking about the pros and cons of government interest rate hikes.
Many scholars have done a lot of thinking and are ashamed of using the rationalization mechanism.
Because their research results are urgent to the eyes
no help
8. Reverse action
Reverse action means that our behavior is contrary to our initial intentions.
For example, some people have sexual urges for teenagers.
May join a religion that promotes abstinence among young people
We often make reverse behaviors during our teenage years.
For example, a crush on a classmate, but showing a mean, overbearing, do not admit that he likes
Just to avoid embarrassing situations
9. Transfer
Transfer means that we transfer aggressive desires to other people.
Usually choose a weak target, a typical example is
Some people are reprimanded by the boss at work and dare not resist, so they return home and vent their emotions to their lover.
10. Fantasy
Through fantasy, we imagine the problem as non-existent
Or separate yourself from reality. The common way is to daydream, read literary works, or watch pornography.
In these happy times, we fled the cruel real world.
Looking for a touch of tranquility
When Anna Freud describes the defense mechanism, the language is warm and generous.
She knows that these self-defenses are natural, and they also notice the trouble they bring.
They hinder the development of our business, others are bored, and hurt people who care about us.
Freud claimed
Most people use the defense mechanism at least five times a day without knowing it.
She wrote this book to help people better understand their daily behavior.
I hope we can mature a little more in the future.
Less “Floyd”
Defensive behavior
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