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Earth 101 | National Geographic


Earth the only planet known to maintain
life a product of scientific phenomena
and sheer chance the blue speck in space
holds the past present and future of our
very existence approximately 4.5 billion
years ago the earth formed from
particles left over from the creation of
our Sun gravity drew these particles
together to form pebbles which then
formed boulders and eventually the earth
at its heart is a solid inner core
covered by a liquid outer core above
this sits the mantle made of flowing
silicate rocks and a rocky crust
this rocky mass is the third planet from
the Sun orbiting the star from an
average distance of about 93 million
miles it’s close enough to the Sun to be
warm
unlike the cold gas giants but not so
close that its surface is exposed to
extreme heat and solar radiation as is
the case with Mercury Earth’s unique
position in the solar system allows it
to house phenomena yet to be found
anywhere else in the universe
particularly liquid surface water and
life according to one theory much of
Earth’s water is as old as it’s rocks
both of which having formed during the
Earth’s earliest days because of Earth’s
unique distance from the Sun the planet
is able to contain water in all of its
forms liquid ice and gas rather than
have them permanently frozen or
evaporated into space but earth is the
only known place in the universe with
liquid water on the surface thereby
having unique cascading effects on the
planet it hydrates the land – helping
create nutrient-rich soil it collects
and pools to form oceans and freshwater
systems and it’s cycles upward to add
moisture to Earth’s protective
atmosphere and where there is liquid
there is life about 3.8 billion years
ago in Earth’s oceans primitive life
existed in the form of microbial
organisms they and then suing billions
of years she fries to a range of more
advanced life forms that thrived in
Earth’s seas lands and skies as the only
world known to harbor life Earth’s
biodiversity is expansive in nature an
estimated 1.5 million species of plants
animals bacteria fungi and others have
been catalogued with potentially
millions if not billions more yet to be
discovered home to life and fueled by
water earth houses a unique global
ecosystem as curious and as grand as the
astronomical events that made them
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