Translator: Mariam Abou-bakr Checker: Tom Ran
Yallah (laughs)
It is happening.
(Laughter)
So, welcome.
This is me at the age of five, this is my mom
Who suffered poliomyelitis when she was 21, and since then she has been a pariah.
I still remember the night I realized, while I was trying to sleep,
That if there was a vaccine for polio, there was no real need for a cure.
Polio will be eradicated within a generation or two.
I was eight years old when I started to think and dream
With future technology.
While I was studying for bachelor’s degrees
In computer science, in the science of life, in psychology,
I heard in the news that Superman (Christopher Reeve)
– who was paralyzed by falling from his horse –
He was visiting Professor Schwartz’s laboratory at the Weizmann Institute of Science,
In search of any cure.
I realized immediately that I wanted to join her lab,
I did two years later, as a student of the Master of Neuroscience.
But, during the rotation in her lab,
I recently heard in the cafeteria about a new project
The biological computer,
Once again I learned directly that this would be my doctoral research.
I imagined the biological computer,
Not as another antidote to another disease,
But as a medicine in the body of a computer
It can be programmed in several ways against several diseases.
This has made me rethink what future technology is.
For a child who grew up in the 1980s, the answer was easy,
They were in skateboards,
In plane cars, or optical fighting swords …
We had a clear vision of what technology would look like in the future.
I think we have a deep gap
Between the future we have imagined in the past,
And how we apply that future now in the present.
As an example, this is something NASA has invented.
I have no idea what to do.
But to me, it represents what humanity has always tried to evaluate:
Large machines, huge machines, preferably aircraft machines
They can move us away.
But you may not need it
Future technology to be manufactured
Of electric wire or mechanical gears.
Let’s think of mechanical gears;
One of the greatest inventions of man.
Well, we have not invented it for a long time.
But nature has provided small popup insects
Mechanical Petros in their legs,
It enables her to jump very accurately.
So nature has invented mechanical gears
By any of us thinking about this principle.
So instead of trying to reach the stars,
Man began to perceive
That there are under his feet, there are millions of creatures,
Have developed each
Its own unique technology, for survival.
It is enough to take a look at this tiny creature to realize it.
It is called a water bear, half a millimeter long
Although it looks like a vacuum cleaner bag,
Or something like that,
(Laughter)
But it is much more.
This creature can withstand extreme temperatures, vacuum, radiation,
And even ten years of hunger.
All these wonderful qualities are alluded to in his DNA,
The book of life which determines our purpose before creation.
So we do not start
Drawing on the technology that nature has given us?
So, the biological computer is not very different in principle
For the normal computer.
I think that all of you have heard about zero and one,
And how we can use these two numbers to generate a sequence,
In order to represent information,
In the same way as each of us
By a special number;
Our business card number.
Therefore, when your computer is working using zero and one numbers,
The biological computer operates using DNA units,
Four nucleotides – A, G, C and T.
So what we are doing is that we are ordering a short series of DNA
From online stores, and we install them together
To build biological computers.
I know it sounds strange, that DNA is being bought from the store.
This is just one of the websites that I used to buy DNA from before.
As you can see, I can enter the sequence I choose,
And then I get a price approach.
The price is about 11 shekels, or about 3 dollars.
And just as in Amazon or eBay, I can add it to the basket.
If I had submitted my application before 4 pm,
It comes on the next business day
The delivery representative with an envelope containing a laboratory tube containing white powder;
This is the DNA you ordered the day before.
And those possessed by those companies that manufacture DNA
It is only large printers.
But instead of ink cartridges that have several different colors,
These printers have cartridges containing the four components of DNA:
Nucleotides.
Therefore, the manufacture and purchase of DNA these days is easy and inexpensive,
It is done on a daily basis.
When I introduced the biological computer to my colleagues at the lab,
They seemed frustrated.
Because that’s what it looks like in the end, just a normal point of water.
But this point, which I have here,
In fact includes three trillions of biological computers,
This set a record for Guinness Book
As the smallest computer in the world.
I am sure that you are a little puzzled, and that you ask yourselves,
“Wait, this is a computer;
A screen, a keyboard, and a mouse to play with. “
But what I’m trying to say is that it does not matter
Whether it is made from electrical wires, or from DNA chains.
What matters is that he can transfer information,
Just like any cell in our body.
Every cell always needs to watch what happens,
And to calculate this vast amount of information,
Finally, you need to give a product and make an order.
For example, when we go to the beach and our skin is burned by the sun,
Our skin flakes later.
This is not a defect in our system, but on the contrary;
The skin cells are very smart
So that they can feel that they have changed
So that skin cancer has become a danger.
So she chooses to commit suicide.
After several days, these cells diffuse to give way to new skin cells.
So I’m not saying that this is a computer,
Because imagining biology as a computer is difficult for me as well.
But I say we can start looking
As something doing the same computer performance.
So we did not start building
Our synthetic biometric devices?
I was lucky
As one of the leaders of the “Biomedical Project”
For ten years, a product of the idea of Professor Shapiro.
If I had to summarize this idea in a few sentences,
I said the basic idea is that we will have many drops of water
Which contain trillions of computers made up of our DNA,
Which will begin to heat inside our bodies after we swallow them.
And because it will be loaded with enormous medical information,
This will enable it to recognize the cancer cells.
Not only do you recognize them, but also eliminate them.
This is very different from our basic method used today,
Where one must be aware that an imbalance occurs in his body,
Go to the doctor to be diagnosed with cancer,
Only then can he begin the treatment trip.
In the case of a biological computer, all these stages are summarized in one stage.
These devices can automatically orient themselves
To cancer cells, just like guided missiles –
And eliminate cancer, without infecting the proper cells of the body with any harm.
It can therefore avoid severe and sometimes fatal side effects,
Which are caused by today’s treatments such as chemotherapy for cancer,
Which are not specific enough.
The latest generation of biological computers
It is all made inside bacteria.
I may not know much about this information that I love very much:
There is a bacterial cell for every cell in the human body,
Which means that human consists of 50% of the bacteria.
It is not strange that no one wants to know this information.
But this enables us to volunteer something within ourselves:
Our bacteria.
I can get someone’s bacteria through his stool,
And to install a specific program,
It can move towards the tumor,
And to know when they arrived
To release some toxins or drugs into the tumor.
For me, a biological computer is just one application
For this new field called artificial biology,
Which we began by understanding that we can take from nature
Different biological parts, and rearrange them
In order to create new biological devices for our use.
Indeed, there are many different projects.
I will give you some examples that I like very much:
Take for example the treatment of various diseases using our own bacteria,
It is a very common trend in the medical field these days.
During your favorite work
I saw that if you followed a fat person following a diet,
But even so, he does not lose a kilogram,
We tend to think that he visited the fridge in the middle of the night.
But the truth is otherwise.
In fact, he has lost the bacteria present in his stomach,
Which is responsible for handling food effectively.
If you took the stool of a skinny person
Which contains the bacteria lost by the chubby,
It was introduced as capsules
To a chubby person,
You stimulate the stomach to produce bacteria lost,
The diet will succeed.
So, even the stool capsules for the diet are tested.
That is why the first bank to donate faeces was opened.
(Laughter)
I know ..
That is why they opened it.
And it is for a prospective job,
Because you get $ 40 each time you donate,
(Laughter)
You can get a very good salary,
Especially with prizes such as “The Biggest Donation of the Week”.
(Laughter)
But in order not to seem very funny,
The following project is a product,
I hope it will mature enough to be traded in the coming years:
It is a probiotic drink
Contains six different types of bacteria.
Each type of bacteria produces a light of a different color,
He is ordered to split and grow up
Under different medical conditions.
So if you wake up
– And try not to laugh because this is real –
If I woke up and saw that what I took out was a color of these colors,
I can …
– I told you not to take it very seriously –
I can look at the color table to make sure it means.
To move green?
Green means that a disease has started to develop,
A kind of cancer.
The good thing about it is that you can tell me when it starts,
It is not yet developing and deteriorating.
Find the team responsible for the next project
That humanity at any moment
Countless numbers of non-recyclable paper accumulate.
So they said, “Why do not we take normal bacteria,
And put some genes in it, which will enable them to break down the particles of paper,
But to convert them into sugar molecules,
Something that can be used again. “
This is a step without recycling, it is sustainability;
We can take countless numbers of waste
And turn it into a source we can use again.
In this project, the team questioned his successor
On the feasibility of our use of industrial lights
And polluting the entire planet by wasting electricity,
While nature invented technology
You can issue light.
We do not take some genes of the larvae,
Which is responsible for issuing light,
And put it in the plant to get the plants glowing?
Even artificial blood, it is present in the form of powder.
I think that within a decade or two,
All blood banks will be filled
With different types of powders
Which will need to add water to it and to calm it,
Just like artificial children’s milk these days.
I imagine that in the future when I told my three children,
That in my days, they were taking my blood
To be injected into another person,
They will inevitably think that I am coming from the Middle Ages.
(Laughter)
All that I have said is relevant to all here;
All this wonderful new genetic world.
Today you can know the nuclear sequence of a person’s genes through this small device.
That is why I think everyone should be aware of the sequence of their DNA,
Not just the level of cholesterol or their blood pressure.
Eight years ago, I asked for this small box.
It contains only a laboratory tube.
Spit it, and return it,
A few days later, you receive an email:
“Welcome Tom, you can start searching!”
This is my genetic wall.
The first thing I knew about myself
It was the components of my family.
I learned that I am Ashkenazi by 92%
(Laughter)
What was a little surprising,
(Laughter) (Applause)
Because no one in the house spoke about the remaining 8 percent.
(Laughter)
But genetics does not lie;
One of the grandmothers stepped off the road a little,
She did not tell us.
But you can learn a lot of important information about yourself,
Such as if you are at risk of serious illness, or have a gene with a genetic mutation
Such as Angelina’s BRCA gene.
Advance knowledge can make a difference.
You can also know how to adjust your meals according to your genes.
If any of you had a child
Suffers from, to transport, lactose intolerance, Crohn’s disease or Celiac disease,
You probably know
The quality of life affected after diagnosis,
After you know what is eaten and what should be avoided.
I will end the conversation by reminding you that dreams like this
Of the 1980s lovers, has already become here.
Some plants around the world
Trying to revive the mammoth mammoth.
They have finished knowing its nuclear sequence
Through well-preserved hair samples.
They are now planning to use technology
Already working in human; alternative mother.
They plan to use the Asian elephant as an alternative mother,
To restore life to the mystic moth.
With all the medical intentions of scientists, we can only call
It does not end up with these kinds of animals,
And that we do not end up as a human being – a pig.
But of course, all these images are fabricated,
But that is not the vision of George Church.
He said, “I can create a Neanderthal child.”
But he only needs a volunteer woman.
(Laughter)
With this slide, I’ll leave you with all the questions
Which I can not really answer:
Where does all of us take this new field?
To a better future where we will be able to eliminate diseases
Like cancer?
Or even finding a cure for polio?
Or to a frightening future,
Anyone can print viruses in a nearby garage,
We produce a new industrial breakthrough in viruses and antivirals,
But in the real world,
I would have to start every morning
By drinking an update to my anti-virus,
Next to the morning coffee.
I hope I have not hidden you so much,
Most importantly,
I hope I have moved you a little love infection
This new field; artificial biology.
Thank you so much for listening.
(clap)
(acclaim)
Yallah (laughs)
It is happening.
(Laughter)
So, welcome.
This is me at the age of five, this is my mom
Who suffered poliomyelitis when she was 21, and since then she has been a pariah.
I still remember the night I realized, while I was trying to sleep,
That if there was a vaccine for polio, there was no real need for a cure.
Polio will be eradicated within a generation or two.
I was eight years old when I started to think and dream
With future technology.
While I was studying for bachelor’s degrees
In computer science, in the science of life, in psychology,
I heard in the news that Superman (Christopher Reeve)
– who was paralyzed by falling from his horse –
He was visiting Professor Schwartz’s laboratory at the Weizmann Institute of Science,
In search of any cure.
I realized immediately that I wanted to join her lab,
I did two years later, as a student of the Master of Neuroscience.
But, during the rotation in her lab,
I recently heard in the cafeteria about a new project
The biological computer,
Once again I learned directly that this would be my doctoral research.
I imagined the biological computer,
Not as another antidote to another disease,
But as a medicine in the body of a computer
It can be programmed in several ways against several diseases.
This has made me rethink what future technology is.
For a child who grew up in the 1980s, the answer was easy,
They were in skateboards,
In plane cars, or optical fighting swords …
We had a clear vision of what technology would look like in the future.
I think we have a deep gap
Between the future we have imagined in the past,
And how we apply that future now in the present.
As an example, this is something NASA has invented.
I have no idea what to do.
But to me, it represents what humanity has always tried to evaluate:
Large machines, huge machines, preferably aircraft machines
They can move us away.
But you may not need it
Future technology to be manufactured
Of electric wire or mechanical gears.
Let’s think of mechanical gears;
One of the greatest inventions of man.
Well, we have not invented it for a long time.
But nature has provided small popup insects
Mechanical Petros in their legs,
It enables her to jump very accurately.
So nature has invented mechanical gears
By any of us thinking about this principle.
So instead of trying to reach the stars,
Man began to perceive
That there are under his feet, there are millions of creatures,
Have developed each
Its own unique technology, for survival.
It is enough to take a look at this tiny creature to realize it.
It is called a water bear, half a millimeter long
Although it looks like a vacuum cleaner bag,
Or something like that,
(Laughter)
But it is much more.
This creature can withstand extreme temperatures, vacuum, radiation,
And even ten years of hunger.
All these wonderful qualities are alluded to in his DNA,
The book of life which determines our purpose before creation.
So we do not start
Drawing on the technology that nature has given us?
So, the biological computer is not very different in principle
For the normal computer.
I think that all of you have heard about zero and one,
And how we can use these two numbers to generate a sequence,
In order to represent information,
In the same way as each of us
By a special number;
Our business card number.
Therefore, when your computer is working using zero and one numbers,
The biological computer operates using DNA units,
Four nucleotides – A, G, C and T.
So what we are doing is that we are ordering a short series of DNA
From online stores, and we install them together
To build biological computers.
I know it sounds strange, that DNA is being bought from the store.
This is just one of the websites that I used to buy DNA from before.
As you can see, I can enter the sequence I choose,
And then I get a price approach.
The price is about 11 shekels, or about 3 dollars.
And just as in Amazon or eBay, I can add it to the basket.
If I had submitted my application before 4 pm,
It comes on the next business day
The delivery representative with an envelope containing a laboratory tube containing white powder;
This is the DNA you ordered the day before.
And those possessed by those companies that manufacture DNA
It is only large printers.
But instead of ink cartridges that have several different colors,
These printers have cartridges containing the four components of DNA:
Nucleotides.
Therefore, the manufacture and purchase of DNA these days is easy and inexpensive,
It is done on a daily basis.
When I introduced the biological computer to my colleagues at the lab,
They seemed frustrated.
Because that’s what it looks like in the end, just a normal point of water.
But this point, which I have here,
In fact includes three trillions of biological computers,
This set a record for Guinness Book
As the smallest computer in the world.
I am sure that you are a little puzzled, and that you ask yourselves,
“Wait, this is a computer;
A screen, a keyboard, and a mouse to play with. “
But what I’m trying to say is that it does not matter
Whether it is made from electrical wires, or from DNA chains.
What matters is that he can transfer information,
Just like any cell in our body.
Every cell always needs to watch what happens,
And to calculate this vast amount of information,
Finally, you need to give a product and make an order.
For example, when we go to the beach and our skin is burned by the sun,
Our skin flakes later.
This is not a defect in our system, but on the contrary;
The skin cells are very smart
So that they can feel that they have changed
So that skin cancer has become a danger.
So she chooses to commit suicide.
After several days, these cells diffuse to give way to new skin cells.
So I’m not saying that this is a computer,
Because imagining biology as a computer is difficult for me as well.
But I say we can start looking
As something doing the same computer performance.
So we did not start building
Our synthetic biometric devices?
I was lucky
As one of the leaders of the “Biomedical Project”
For ten years, a product of the idea of Professor Shapiro.
If I had to summarize this idea in a few sentences,
I said the basic idea is that we will have many drops of water
Which contain trillions of computers made up of our DNA,
Which will begin to heat inside our bodies after we swallow them.
And because it will be loaded with enormous medical information,
This will enable it to recognize the cancer cells.
Not only do you recognize them, but also eliminate them.
This is very different from our basic method used today,
Where one must be aware that an imbalance occurs in his body,
Go to the doctor to be diagnosed with cancer,
Only then can he begin the treatment trip.
In the case of a biological computer, all these stages are summarized in one stage.
These devices can automatically orient themselves
To cancer cells, just like guided missiles –
And eliminate cancer, without infecting the proper cells of the body with any harm.
It can therefore avoid severe and sometimes fatal side effects,
Which are caused by today’s treatments such as chemotherapy for cancer,
Which are not specific enough.
The latest generation of biological computers
It is all made inside bacteria.
I may not know much about this information that I love very much:
There is a bacterial cell for every cell in the human body,
Which means that human consists of 50% of the bacteria.
It is not strange that no one wants to know this information.
But this enables us to volunteer something within ourselves:
Our bacteria.
I can get someone’s bacteria through his stool,
And to install a specific program,
It can move towards the tumor,
And to know when they arrived
To release some toxins or drugs into the tumor.
For me, a biological computer is just one application
For this new field called artificial biology,
Which we began by understanding that we can take from nature
Different biological parts, and rearrange them
In order to create new biological devices for our use.
Indeed, there are many different projects.
I will give you some examples that I like very much:
Take for example the treatment of various diseases using our own bacteria,
It is a very common trend in the medical field these days.
During your favorite work
I saw that if you followed a fat person following a diet,
But even so, he does not lose a kilogram,
We tend to think that he visited the fridge in the middle of the night.
But the truth is otherwise.
In fact, he has lost the bacteria present in his stomach,
Which is responsible for handling food effectively.
If you took the stool of a skinny person
Which contains the bacteria lost by the chubby,
It was introduced as capsules
To a chubby person,
You stimulate the stomach to produce bacteria lost,
The diet will succeed.
So, even the stool capsules for the diet are tested.
That is why the first bank to donate faeces was opened.
(Laughter)
I know ..
That is why they opened it.
And it is for a prospective job,
Because you get $ 40 each time you donate,
(Laughter)
You can get a very good salary,
Especially with prizes such as “The Biggest Donation of the Week”.
(Laughter)
But in order not to seem very funny,
The following project is a product,
I hope it will mature enough to be traded in the coming years:
It is a probiotic drink
Contains six different types of bacteria.
Each type of bacteria produces a light of a different color,
He is ordered to split and grow up
Under different medical conditions.
So if you wake up
– And try not to laugh because this is real –
If I woke up and saw that what I took out was a color of these colors,
I can …
– I told you not to take it very seriously –
I can look at the color table to make sure it means.
To move green?
Green means that a disease has started to develop,
A kind of cancer.
The good thing about it is that you can tell me when it starts,
It is not yet developing and deteriorating.
Find the team responsible for the next project
That humanity at any moment
Countless numbers of non-recyclable paper accumulate.
So they said, “Why do not we take normal bacteria,
And put some genes in it, which will enable them to break down the particles of paper,
But to convert them into sugar molecules,
Something that can be used again. “
This is a step without recycling, it is sustainability;
We can take countless numbers of waste
And turn it into a source we can use again.
In this project, the team questioned his successor
On the feasibility of our use of industrial lights
And polluting the entire planet by wasting electricity,
While nature invented technology
You can issue light.
We do not take some genes of the larvae,
Which is responsible for issuing light,
And put it in the plant to get the plants glowing?
Even artificial blood, it is present in the form of powder.
I think that within a decade or two,
All blood banks will be filled
With different types of powders
Which will need to add water to it and to calm it,
Just like artificial children’s milk these days.
I imagine that in the future when I told my three children,
That in my days, they were taking my blood
To be injected into another person,
They will inevitably think that I am coming from the Middle Ages.
(Laughter)
All that I have said is relevant to all here;
All this wonderful new genetic world.
Today you can know the nuclear sequence of a person’s genes through this small device.
That is why I think everyone should be aware of the sequence of their DNA,
Not just the level of cholesterol or their blood pressure.
Eight years ago, I asked for this small box.
It contains only a laboratory tube.
Spit it, and return it,
A few days later, you receive an email:
“Welcome Tom, you can start searching!”
This is my genetic wall.
The first thing I knew about myself
It was the components of my family.
I learned that I am Ashkenazi by 92%
(Laughter)
What was a little surprising,
(Laughter) (Applause)
Because no one in the house spoke about the remaining 8 percent.
(Laughter)
But genetics does not lie;
One of the grandmothers stepped off the road a little,
She did not tell us.
But you can learn a lot of important information about yourself,
Such as if you are at risk of serious illness, or have a gene with a genetic mutation
Such as Angelina’s BRCA gene.
Advance knowledge can make a difference.
You can also know how to adjust your meals according to your genes.
If any of you had a child
Suffers from, to transport, lactose intolerance, Crohn’s disease or Celiac disease,
You probably know
The quality of life affected after diagnosis,
After you know what is eaten and what should be avoided.
I will end the conversation by reminding you that dreams like this
Of the 1980s lovers, has already become here.
Some plants around the world
Trying to revive the mammoth mammoth.
They have finished knowing its nuclear sequence
Through well-preserved hair samples.
They are now planning to use technology
Already working in human; alternative mother.
They plan to use the Asian elephant as an alternative mother,
To restore life to the mystic moth.
With all the medical intentions of scientists, we can only call
It does not end up with these kinds of animals,
And that we do not end up as a human being – a pig.
But of course, all these images are fabricated,
But that is not the vision of George Church.
He said, “I can create a Neanderthal child.”
But he only needs a volunteer woman.
(Laughter)
With this slide, I’ll leave you with all the questions
Which I can not really answer:
Where does all of us take this new field?
To a better future where we will be able to eliminate diseases
Like cancer?
Or even finding a cure for polio?
Or to a frightening future,
Anyone can print viruses in a nearby garage,
We produce a new industrial breakthrough in viruses and antivirals,
But in the real world,
I would have to start every morning
By drinking an update to my anti-virus,
Next to the morning coffee.
I hope I have not hidden you so much,
Most importantly,
I hope I have moved you a little love infection
This new field; artificial biology.
Thank you so much for listening.
(clap)
(acclaim)
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