I have a confession too often I feel
like my closest relationship is with my
smartphone I’m gonna need you guys to
admit if you have this confession as
well by raising your hand and tell the
truth yeah and keep your hands up
sometimes the things I do on it
aren’t so smart keep them up all right
we’re all honest in here thank you so
now that we’re all in the same boat I
want to ask you as well
has this happened to you you’re with a
friend or even a family member you’re
sitting down and they pull out their
smart phone they text tweet follow
whatever they’re doing they’re basically
telling you that something or someone is
more interesting or important than you
or even worse if they pull out their
phone and then just mindlessly scroll in
that situation they’re telling anything
or anyone is more important than you
they just haven’t found it yet now this
may be a personal problem you guys might
just not be that interesting it happens
to me all the time but it’s usually a
result of poor phone etiquette
many schools ban smart phones entirely
or banish them to lockers and for
students that are caught on the gram at
school there are so many punishments
detention maybe even suspensions our
smartphones the forbidden fruit of
Education is this the right approach is
banning smartphones from classrooms the
answer I want to suggest now but before
I do you guys were so great and honest
in the first round we’re gonna bring
back confession time real quick same
rules as last time okay so if you had an
event like here or in class and you’re
asked to turn off your phone
do you maybe just keep it on silent
instead okay
yeah Michu point here isn’t to make us
feel bad but the point is really to see
we don’t really follow smartphone bans
so the question here is how do we turn
it from a forbidden fruit into an
educational essential I believe it
starts with the users students I have
some news for you if you’re not a fan of
the smartphone ban you have the
to change it seriously ban simply exists
because of how we choose to use our
phones we need to radically rethink the
job that our smartphones are fulfilling
do you know that American teens spent an
average of nine hours in front of a
screen a day nine hours that’s longer
than a school day and there’s a theory
that 10,000 our theory that if you spend
10,000 hours of quote deliberate
practice you can become an expert in a
field so if you’re spending nine hours a
day you’re well on your way to becoming
an expert but the question is what are
you becoming an expert in don’t worry I
have a way of finding that out if you
know your battery usage on your phone
you know the place in settings that
tells you how much of a percentage of
battery is allocated towards your usage
well they are that part if you pull it
up and social media and gaming apps make
up over half of that congratulations
you’re probably a gift guru your filter
fanatic or you probably notice and don’t
lie if someone didn’t like your last
post we’re all kind of guilty of that
right but honestly is that a good use of
your time let’s think about it if you’re
spending half of your smartphone usage
so let’s just say for example purposes
that’s five hours a day on social media
and gaming apps that’s 2,000 hours a
year over 75 days 75 days of mindless
consumption so in four years of high
school you spend nearly a year I’m
looking at you guys sorry what could you
be doing instead using those same five
hours a day according to a study done by
the linguist you can learn a language in
90 days so in those five hours they’re
out the whole entirety of high school
you can learn possibly up to three
different languages to vastly different
results all on the same device your
smartphone time is the greatest
commodity take it for granted so value
it you can use your screen time to learn
a couple languages be up to date on SAT
prep learn how
code apply for scholarships it’s really
endless and you can also stay up-to-date
on social media if we utilize our
smartphones productively do you think
bands could be reconsidered I have a key
most definitely students I encourage you
to take make a deliberate decision to
change your smartphone usage okay it
sounds great right but too often we’ve
all set goals and we’ve fallen short so
if we’re gonna make a serious change and
try to change our smartphone behavior
it’s worth understanding a little bit of
science the psychology behind our
smartphone use so let’s be real it feels
good when you post something in your
legs below up right that means getting a
lot of likes for us to say a social
media produces dopamine which actually
produces pleasure in the brain but there
are other ways to get the same feeling
I’m a co-founder of an app called kudzu
that embraces the same stimulation for
education students are able to submit
their report cards good grades academic
achievements and good habits to get a
currency that they can redeem for real
timer words but away from your phone
exercise and meditation also releases
these if you’re not into that eating
chocolate does too yes if you don’t have
a sweet dude that is chili peppers and
last but not least philanthropy releases
these happiness chemicals a study done
by Stony Brook University actually calls
this givers glow so smartphones are not
the only way to produce this feel-good
energy it’s the most convenient way but
it might not be the best way dr. Jeanne
twins actually found that eighth graders
who are heavy users of social media have
a 27 percent higher risk of depression
while eighth graders who exceeded the
average time spent playing sports
hanging out with friends in person and
even doing homework had a significantly
lower risk so social media may affect
how we feel about ourselves but did you
know that you as users have a lot more
power than you realize what you post
affects how others feel about themselves
so please when you use it please post
responsibly there’s a reason why social
media juggernaut
lie on user-generated content it’s
powerful the feeds are curated by you
the algorithms that decide what you see
and the ads you see are determined by
you even the app updates designed down
to the color schemes are based on usage
feedback and interactions on these
applications so students
cellphone users whether you know it or
not you have major influence put simply
your choices will either fuel or rid the
stigma against smartphones so use smart
phones with self-awareness use them in a
way that is time well-spent and get help
to use them productively okay so we
covered mostly from the student
perspective but I know I know we want to
cover this from the perspective of
educators I can feel the energy staring
over here those educators you helped
shape our future generation you prepare
students for the workforce and to
contribute to society but what does this
future look like technology is already
ubiquitous smartphones are used by
businesses for effective marketing
management communications and operations
and to these students will inherit an
even more connected world an even more
technologically savvy world and even
more fast-paced world than ever before
the speed of change is only getting
faster according to NYU professor Scott
Galloway it took the telephone
seventy-five years to reach 50 million
users it took the TV 14 years the
internet took four years and just 35
days for Angry Birds yeah I see someone
I think your big fan in the god okay oh
you don’t admit it now I got this
digital change is really the only
constant the workforce is expected to
master tools that may not have existed
even a year ago and using smartphones
effectively will be a crucial if not the
crucial life skill
we really can’t prepare students for a
technologically driven world without
technology and we can’t prepare students
for a smartphone driven world without
smartphones now I know what most of you
and/or some of you are thinking we need
to ban smartphones because they’re a
major distraction in fact when we look
at reasons for smartphone bans a common
word used is distraction but just
because something is a distraction
doesn’t mean it should be banned bear
with me on this but back in my day this
was a form of communication some of you
may not know what this is because it’s
now extinct but it’s a handwritten note
and we would communicate with friends
and yeah even crushes with it do you
know what we used to write it a pen and
paper this you could think is a
distraction as it took away from our
studies but have any schools banned pen
and paper not to the best of my
knowledge the question is why because a
pen and papers value to the learning
process considerably outweighs its
potential for distraction it’s the same
thing with smart phones smart phones can
really help the learning process and
distractions aren’t necessarily bad a
distraction is just a thing that
prevents someone from giving full
attention to something else a lot of
innovation happens at the verge
distractions are a way of helping us
draw connections between seemingly
unrelated concepts being interrupted can
help us see things in new ways and it’s
not just me who thinks oh Jessie stole
all the director of teaching and
learning at University of Mary
Washington has found that distractions
are necessary for quote peak learning
experiences like making connections
having epiphanies and understanding
abstract concepts I learned the power of
a meaningful distraction from one of my
students in a class I used to teach in
West Philadelphia it was a class on
entrepreneurship and as an older
millennial I was quickly humbled to
realize I no longer knew what was cool
so any chance I got I loved getting
feedback from this next generation the
younger Millennials as well as
Generation Z I asked them what kind of
rewards they wanted to see on
kudzu and as I turned around from the
whiteboard I noticed one student just
completely disengaged from the activity
he was scrolling through his phone so
teachers naturally you know what I did I
called on him as he looked up he was on
Instagram and he landed on the MBA page
so he sarcastically blurted out I would
love to meet LeBron James any other
situation that would have called for a
well thanks for chiming in I’ll call his
agent but in this situation it actually
inspired us to provide experiential
rewards on the kids you app now
corporate tour celebrity meet and greets
as well as once-in-a-lifetime
experiences can all be redeemed on kudzu
thanks to this distraction now I’m not
saying smartphones should be used all
the time if technology is integrated in
the classroom it’s really important to
designate time for students to unplug
this allows students to recognize that
it’s useful to learn different things at
different times in different ways isn’t
this really the type of metacognitive
learning that true learning is all about
sometime and plugg can also make phones
an even more effective in class tool
when they’re used students can use their
smartphones to look up a confusing term
like I do all the time like with
metacognitive I learned it means
thinking about thinking students can
post a survey on social media and
quickly collect primary data from their
peers when it has to do with the
classroom discussion they can also
submit a group project via the cloud
smartphones can also help to improve
students productivity in other ways they
allowed by sites learning or micro
learning approaches students can engage
with their coursework anytime anywhere
this according to a study done by
energizing learning means that knowledge
is more easily learned reinforced and
retained with the help of mobile
learning in addition software can enable
homework to dynamically adapt to the
needs of different students if a student
is struggling in a certain area the
software can detect that and
automatically give students more help in
that area and teachers can see this in
real time and track students progress so
smart phones can be beneficial for
teachers too by helping students achieve
educational outcomes creativity
productivity knowledge retention and by
allowing tracking and targeting so it’s
really time to reconsider smartphone
bands
why not redirect the energy spent
reprimanding students for phone use
towards re engaging students via phone
use towards speaking to students when
where and how they want to be spoken to
it would it be the first time a ban is
reconsidered just a couple decades ago
the Great Gatsby and the Catcher in the
Rye weren’t allowed in some schools
smartphone bans are a huge missed
opportunity young people want their
phones and we all remember being a kid
being told not to do something was
usually the best motivation to do
something why not harness that drive for
good plus if we embrace smartphones and
education it’ll unleash innovation
entrepreneurs will develop even more
ways to help teachers this is the kind
of innovation we need ok that may be
bias because like most entrepreneurs I
tend to think I have the next big idea
quite often it’s probably not a surprise
but this delusion is often sobered by my
big brother whose Great Valley class of
2004 and also a high school English
teacher he has been not so an vehicle
task of entertaining my ideas but he
also has the artful talent of bringing
me back down to reality it’s important
for entrepreneurs to continue trying to
think of new ways related to education
but those ideas need to be about
supporting teachers not adding to their
workload I could do we refused to say we
are disrupting education we like to say
we’re empowering it what needs
disruption is society’s obsession with
disruption to wrap up in the past a mark
of an educated person was how much they
knew in the future the mark of an
educated person will be how much they
admit they don’t know and how they can
access filter and learn new information
now may be easier said than done but
from my experience here are a couple
takeaways educators please consider how
technology can add value to your dynamic
classroom hold ed tech to a higher
standard change it from being an extra
tab
computer – something that bridges the
communication and engagement gaps with
your students students you have the
responsibility to turn your smartphone
into a resource the power is in your
choice and how you allocate your
valuable time take control of the
content you consume and produce it’s
called user-generated content for a
reason be mindful of its impact and
let’s be real we’re all still gonna
probably use social media may I just ask
that you don’t compare your life to the
highlight reel on the feed from friends
and celebrities they don’t post the
pimple they just God or a test they fail
they post their best selves so be kind
to yourself find fulfillment and who you
are not what you swipe I’m a proud
product of this school I attended Great
Valley K through 12 on class of 2008 and
here at GV we have the privilege of
having supportive teachers who believed
in us
and if we work hard we get access to
opportunities I may not have known my
purpose when I was here but thanks to
teachers like mrs. Keating and mr.
McGraw good habits and Drive were
instilled I didn’t have the burden that
my successes or failures would impact my
household so I’m gonna leave you with a
quick story students your generation
generation Z get a bad rap you’re known
as the hundred and forty character
generation that are glued to their
smartphones and yes you are digital
natives but you’re also savvy you’re
innovative and most of all you’re
selfless we had a student who had been
asking for his particular ward on our
app kudzu by asking I mean tweeting DME
emailing numerous times a day when we
finally post the reward she redeemed it
it was $100 gift card to Walmart which
takes at least a semester a very high
engagement to earn we’re really proud
that she achieved her goal but a couple
days later she tweeted this picture she
had given her gift card to her parents
for groceries we didn’t realize it at
the time that she was asking but she
actually utilized her smartphone and her
academic achievements to treat her
parents and bring joy to her home in
conclusion let’s harness the power of
smartphone distractions for good
let us lesson mindless consumption and
feed mindful consumption let’s utilize
education technology as assets rather
than liabilities and let’s give people
the tools they need to succeed as Steve
Jobs said technology is nothing what’s
important is that you have faith in
people that they’re basically good and
smart and if you give them tools they’ll
do wonderful things so take your tool
and do wonderful things thank you [Applause]
like my closest relationship is with my
smartphone I’m gonna need you guys to
admit if you have this confession as
well by raising your hand and tell the
truth yeah and keep your hands up
sometimes the things I do on it
aren’t so smart keep them up all right
we’re all honest in here thank you so
now that we’re all in the same boat I
want to ask you as well
has this happened to you you’re with a
friend or even a family member you’re
sitting down and they pull out their
smart phone they text tweet follow
whatever they’re doing they’re basically
telling you that something or someone is
more interesting or important than you
or even worse if they pull out their
phone and then just mindlessly scroll in
that situation they’re telling anything
or anyone is more important than you
they just haven’t found it yet now this
may be a personal problem you guys might
just not be that interesting it happens
to me all the time but it’s usually a
result of poor phone etiquette
many schools ban smart phones entirely
or banish them to lockers and for
students that are caught on the gram at
school there are so many punishments
detention maybe even suspensions our
smartphones the forbidden fruit of
Education is this the right approach is
banning smartphones from classrooms the
answer I want to suggest now but before
I do you guys were so great and honest
in the first round we’re gonna bring
back confession time real quick same
rules as last time okay so if you had an
event like here or in class and you’re
asked to turn off your phone
do you maybe just keep it on silent
instead okay
yeah Michu point here isn’t to make us
feel bad but the point is really to see
we don’t really follow smartphone bans
so the question here is how do we turn
it from a forbidden fruit into an
educational essential I believe it
starts with the users students I have
some news for you if you’re not a fan of
the smartphone ban you have the
to change it seriously ban simply exists
because of how we choose to use our
phones we need to radically rethink the
job that our smartphones are fulfilling
do you know that American teens spent an
average of nine hours in front of a
screen a day nine hours that’s longer
than a school day and there’s a theory
that 10,000 our theory that if you spend
10,000 hours of quote deliberate
practice you can become an expert in a
field so if you’re spending nine hours a
day you’re well on your way to becoming
an expert but the question is what are
you becoming an expert in don’t worry I
have a way of finding that out if you
know your battery usage on your phone
you know the place in settings that
tells you how much of a percentage of
battery is allocated towards your usage
well they are that part if you pull it
up and social media and gaming apps make
up over half of that congratulations
you’re probably a gift guru your filter
fanatic or you probably notice and don’t
lie if someone didn’t like your last
post we’re all kind of guilty of that
right but honestly is that a good use of
your time let’s think about it if you’re
spending half of your smartphone usage
so let’s just say for example purposes
that’s five hours a day on social media
and gaming apps that’s 2,000 hours a
year over 75 days 75 days of mindless
consumption so in four years of high
school you spend nearly a year I’m
looking at you guys sorry what could you
be doing instead using those same five
hours a day according to a study done by
the linguist you can learn a language in
90 days so in those five hours they’re
out the whole entirety of high school
you can learn possibly up to three
different languages to vastly different
results all on the same device your
smartphone time is the greatest
commodity take it for granted so value
it you can use your screen time to learn
a couple languages be up to date on SAT
prep learn how
code apply for scholarships it’s really
endless and you can also stay up-to-date
on social media if we utilize our
smartphones productively do you think
bands could be reconsidered I have a key
most definitely students I encourage you
to take make a deliberate decision to
change your smartphone usage okay it
sounds great right but too often we’ve
all set goals and we’ve fallen short so
if we’re gonna make a serious change and
try to change our smartphone behavior
it’s worth understanding a little bit of
science the psychology behind our
smartphone use so let’s be real it feels
good when you post something in your
legs below up right that means getting a
lot of likes for us to say a social
media produces dopamine which actually
produces pleasure in the brain but there
are other ways to get the same feeling
I’m a co-founder of an app called kudzu
that embraces the same stimulation for
education students are able to submit
their report cards good grades academic
achievements and good habits to get a
currency that they can redeem for real
timer words but away from your phone
exercise and meditation also releases
these if you’re not into that eating
chocolate does too yes if you don’t have
a sweet dude that is chili peppers and
last but not least philanthropy releases
these happiness chemicals a study done
by Stony Brook University actually calls
this givers glow so smartphones are not
the only way to produce this feel-good
energy it’s the most convenient way but
it might not be the best way dr. Jeanne
twins actually found that eighth graders
who are heavy users of social media have
a 27 percent higher risk of depression
while eighth graders who exceeded the
average time spent playing sports
hanging out with friends in person and
even doing homework had a significantly
lower risk so social media may affect
how we feel about ourselves but did you
know that you as users have a lot more
power than you realize what you post
affects how others feel about themselves
so please when you use it please post
responsibly there’s a reason why social
media juggernaut
lie on user-generated content it’s
powerful the feeds are curated by you
the algorithms that decide what you see
and the ads you see are determined by
you even the app updates designed down
to the color schemes are based on usage
feedback and interactions on these
applications so students
cellphone users whether you know it or
not you have major influence put simply
your choices will either fuel or rid the
stigma against smartphones so use smart
phones with self-awareness use them in a
way that is time well-spent and get help
to use them productively okay so we
covered mostly from the student
perspective but I know I know we want to
cover this from the perspective of
educators I can feel the energy staring
over here those educators you helped
shape our future generation you prepare
students for the workforce and to
contribute to society but what does this
future look like technology is already
ubiquitous smartphones are used by
businesses for effective marketing
management communications and operations
and to these students will inherit an
even more connected world an even more
technologically savvy world and even
more fast-paced world than ever before
the speed of change is only getting
faster according to NYU professor Scott
Galloway it took the telephone
seventy-five years to reach 50 million
users it took the TV 14 years the
internet took four years and just 35
days for Angry Birds yeah I see someone
I think your big fan in the god okay oh
you don’t admit it now I got this
digital change is really the only
constant the workforce is expected to
master tools that may not have existed
even a year ago and using smartphones
effectively will be a crucial if not the
crucial life skill
we really can’t prepare students for a
technologically driven world without
technology and we can’t prepare students
for a smartphone driven world without
smartphones now I know what most of you
and/or some of you are thinking we need
to ban smartphones because they’re a
major distraction in fact when we look
at reasons for smartphone bans a common
word used is distraction but just
because something is a distraction
doesn’t mean it should be banned bear
with me on this but back in my day this
was a form of communication some of you
may not know what this is because it’s
now extinct but it’s a handwritten note
and we would communicate with friends
and yeah even crushes with it do you
know what we used to write it a pen and
paper this you could think is a
distraction as it took away from our
studies but have any schools banned pen
and paper not to the best of my
knowledge the question is why because a
pen and papers value to the learning
process considerably outweighs its
potential for distraction it’s the same
thing with smart phones smart phones can
really help the learning process and
distractions aren’t necessarily bad a
distraction is just a thing that
prevents someone from giving full
attention to something else a lot of
innovation happens at the verge
distractions are a way of helping us
draw connections between seemingly
unrelated concepts being interrupted can
help us see things in new ways and it’s
not just me who thinks oh Jessie stole
all the director of teaching and
learning at University of Mary
Washington has found that distractions
are necessary for quote peak learning
experiences like making connections
having epiphanies and understanding
abstract concepts I learned the power of
a meaningful distraction from one of my
students in a class I used to teach in
West Philadelphia it was a class on
entrepreneurship and as an older
millennial I was quickly humbled to
realize I no longer knew what was cool
so any chance I got I loved getting
feedback from this next generation the
younger Millennials as well as
Generation Z I asked them what kind of
rewards they wanted to see on
kudzu and as I turned around from the
whiteboard I noticed one student just
completely disengaged from the activity
he was scrolling through his phone so
teachers naturally you know what I did I
called on him as he looked up he was on
Instagram and he landed on the MBA page
so he sarcastically blurted out I would
love to meet LeBron James any other
situation that would have called for a
well thanks for chiming in I’ll call his
agent but in this situation it actually
inspired us to provide experiential
rewards on the kids you app now
corporate tour celebrity meet and greets
as well as once-in-a-lifetime
experiences can all be redeemed on kudzu
thanks to this distraction now I’m not
saying smartphones should be used all
the time if technology is integrated in
the classroom it’s really important to
designate time for students to unplug
this allows students to recognize that
it’s useful to learn different things at
different times in different ways isn’t
this really the type of metacognitive
learning that true learning is all about
sometime and plugg can also make phones
an even more effective in class tool
when they’re used students can use their
smartphones to look up a confusing term
like I do all the time like with
metacognitive I learned it means
thinking about thinking students can
post a survey on social media and
quickly collect primary data from their
peers when it has to do with the
classroom discussion they can also
submit a group project via the cloud
smartphones can also help to improve
students productivity in other ways they
allowed by sites learning or micro
learning approaches students can engage
with their coursework anytime anywhere
this according to a study done by
energizing learning means that knowledge
is more easily learned reinforced and
retained with the help of mobile
learning in addition software can enable
homework to dynamically adapt to the
needs of different students if a student
is struggling in a certain area the
software can detect that and
automatically give students more help in
that area and teachers can see this in
real time and track students progress so
smart phones can be beneficial for
teachers too by helping students achieve
educational outcomes creativity
productivity knowledge retention and by
allowing tracking and targeting so it’s
really time to reconsider smartphone
bands
why not redirect the energy spent
reprimanding students for phone use
towards re engaging students via phone
use towards speaking to students when
where and how they want to be spoken to
it would it be the first time a ban is
reconsidered just a couple decades ago
the Great Gatsby and the Catcher in the
Rye weren’t allowed in some schools
smartphone bans are a huge missed
opportunity young people want their
phones and we all remember being a kid
being told not to do something was
usually the best motivation to do
something why not harness that drive for
good plus if we embrace smartphones and
education it’ll unleash innovation
entrepreneurs will develop even more
ways to help teachers this is the kind
of innovation we need ok that may be
bias because like most entrepreneurs I
tend to think I have the next big idea
quite often it’s probably not a surprise
but this delusion is often sobered by my
big brother whose Great Valley class of
2004 and also a high school English
teacher he has been not so an vehicle
task of entertaining my ideas but he
also has the artful talent of bringing
me back down to reality it’s important
for entrepreneurs to continue trying to
think of new ways related to education
but those ideas need to be about
supporting teachers not adding to their
workload I could do we refused to say we
are disrupting education we like to say
we’re empowering it what needs
disruption is society’s obsession with
disruption to wrap up in the past a mark
of an educated person was how much they
knew in the future the mark of an
educated person will be how much they
admit they don’t know and how they can
access filter and learn new information
now may be easier said than done but
from my experience here are a couple
takeaways educators please consider how
technology can add value to your dynamic
classroom hold ed tech to a higher
standard change it from being an extra
tab
computer – something that bridges the
communication and engagement gaps with
your students students you have the
responsibility to turn your smartphone
into a resource the power is in your
choice and how you allocate your
valuable time take control of the
content you consume and produce it’s
called user-generated content for a
reason be mindful of its impact and
let’s be real we’re all still gonna
probably use social media may I just ask
that you don’t compare your life to the
highlight reel on the feed from friends
and celebrities they don’t post the
pimple they just God or a test they fail
they post their best selves so be kind
to yourself find fulfillment and who you
are not what you swipe I’m a proud
product of this school I attended Great
Valley K through 12 on class of 2008 and
here at GV we have the privilege of
having supportive teachers who believed
in us
and if we work hard we get access to
opportunities I may not have known my
purpose when I was here but thanks to
teachers like mrs. Keating and mr.
McGraw good habits and Drive were
instilled I didn’t have the burden that
my successes or failures would impact my
household so I’m gonna leave you with a
quick story students your generation
generation Z get a bad rap you’re known
as the hundred and forty character
generation that are glued to their
smartphones and yes you are digital
natives but you’re also savvy you’re
innovative and most of all you’re
selfless we had a student who had been
asking for his particular ward on our
app kudzu by asking I mean tweeting DME
emailing numerous times a day when we
finally post the reward she redeemed it
it was $100 gift card to Walmart which
takes at least a semester a very high
engagement to earn we’re really proud
that she achieved her goal but a couple
days later she tweeted this picture she
had given her gift card to her parents
for groceries we didn’t realize it at
the time that she was asking but she
actually utilized her smartphone and her
academic achievements to treat her
parents and bring joy to her home in
conclusion let’s harness the power of
smartphone distractions for good
let us lesson mindless consumption and
feed mindful consumption let’s utilize
education technology as assets rather
than liabilities and let’s give people
the tools they need to succeed as Steve
Jobs said technology is nothing what’s
important is that you have faith in
people that they’re basically good and
smart and if you give them tools they’ll
do wonderful things so take your tool
and do wonderful things thank you [Applause]
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