[Music]
[Music] [Applause]
imagine that you walk into your usual
imagine that you walk into your usual grocery store you go through the doors
grocery store you go through the doors
grocery store you go through the doors you get your cart but as soon as you
you get your cart but as soon as you
you get your cart but as soon as you enter the aisles you realize that
enter the aisles you realize that
enter the aisles you realize that something’s definitely not right there
something’s definitely not right there
something’s definitely not right there are only scraps of food on the shelves
are only scraps of food on the shelves
are only scraps of food on the shelves slightly disconcerted you go to the next
slightly disconcerted you go to the next
slightly disconcerted you go to the next store and the next and the next by now
store and the next and the next by now
store and the next and the next by now your experience a sinking sensation in
your experience a sinking sensation in
your experience a sinking sensation in your gut your body is initiating a
your gut your body is initiating a
your gut your body is initiating a stress response that will help you to
stress response that will help you to
stress response that will help you to cope with making difficult decisions
cope with making difficult decisions
cope with making difficult decisions where would you go how would you find
where would you go how would you find
where would you go how would you find food
humans have faced resource challenges
humans have faced resource challenges throughout history whether it be a lack
throughout history whether it be a lack
throughout history whether it be a lack of food a lack of safety or other
of food a lack of safety or other
of food a lack of safety or other destabilizing factors you might not have
destabilizing factors you might not have
destabilizing factors you might not have thought much about the decisions that
thought much about the decisions that
thought much about the decisions that these people have had to make they’re
these people have had to make they’re
these people have had to make they’re difficult decisions potentially
difficult decisions potentially
difficult decisions potentially life-or-death decisions and they’re
life-or-death decisions and they’re
life-or-death decisions and they’re complex they involve equations about
complex they involve equations about
complex they involve equations about risks and resources some of which you
risks and resources some of which you
risks and resources some of which you know and some of which can really only
know and some of which can really only
know and some of which can really only be guessed at as a biologist I’m
be guessed at as a biologist I’m
be guessed at as a biologist I’m interested in how animals deal with
interested in how animals deal with
interested in how animals deal with unpredictable resources and I study a
unpredictable resources and I study a
unpredictable resources and I study a model organism that has to make these
model organism that has to make these
model organism that has to make these decisions relatively frequently to stay
decisions relatively frequently to stay
decisions relatively frequently to stay or to go
or to go
or to go in doing so I hope to better understand
in doing so I hope to better understand
in doing so I hope to better understand how and why animals make these decisions
how and why animals make these decisions
how and why animals make these decisions and a little bit about how that might
and a little bit about how that might
and a little bit about how that might help them survive in an unpredictable
help them survive in an unpredictable
help them survive in an unpredictable world meet the Red Cross bill this is a
world meet the Red Cross bill this is a
world meet the Red Cross bill this is a Finch with a cross bill that it uses to
Finch with a cross bill that it uses to
Finch with a cross bill that it uses to pry open the scales of conifer cones and
pry open the scales of conifer cones and
pry open the scales of conifer cones and it to access the seeds that are inside
it to access the seeds that are inside
it to access the seeds that are inside and this is a very rich food resource
and this is a very rich food resource
and this is a very rich food resource but it’s also unpredictable both in
but it’s also unpredictable both in
but it’s also unpredictable both in where across the entire continent the
where across the entire continent the
where across the entire continent the seeds will develop and also on how long
seeds will develop and also on how long
seeds will develop and also on how long the cones will retain the seeds inside
the cones will retain the seeds inside
the cones will retain the seeds inside so that the crossbills can forage on
so that the crossbills can forage on
so that the crossbills can forage on them
them
them so what happens when a Crossville finds
so what happens when a Crossville finds
so what happens when a Crossville finds itself in a situation of declining food
itself in a situation of declining food
itself in a situation of declining food they are well known for long distance
they are well known for long distance
they are well known for long distance nomadic migrations and they’re good at
nomadic migrations and they’re good at
nomadic migrations and they’re good at this it helps them to locate these
this it helps them to locate these
this it helps them to locate these patchy resources but migration just like
patchy resources but migration just like
patchy resources but migration just like for people is inherently risky there may
for people is inherently risky there may
for people is inherently risky there may be unknown resources along the way
be unknown resources along the way
be unknown resources along the way unknown predators and there can be
unknown predators and there can be
unknown predators and there can be barriers to migration itself the zebra
barriers to migration itself the zebra
barriers to migration itself the zebra finch for example faces an impassable
finch for example faces an impassable
finch for example faces an impassable barrier this Finch relies on green grass
barrier this Finch relies on green grass
barrier this Finch relies on green grass growth to reproduce but it lives in the
growth to reproduce but it lives in the
growth to reproduce but it lives in the arid interior of Australia and the rain
arid interior of Australia and the rain
arid interior of Australia and the rain that grows the green grass is extremely
that grows the green grass is extremely
that grows the green grass is extremely unpredictable and can be very rare
unpredictable and can be very rare
unpredictable and can be very rare whereas crossbills can be highly mobile
whereas crossbills can be highly mobile
whereas crossbills can be highly mobile and locate these patchy resources zebra
and locate these patchy resources zebra
and locate these patchy resources zebra finches have to sit and wait simply
finches have to sit and wait simply
finches have to sit and wait simply because there’s not enough water to
because there’s not enough water to
because there’s not enough water to drink along the way so this is a highly
drink along the way so this is a highly
drink along the way so this is a highly mobile species that can locate rich
mobile species that can locate rich
mobile species that can locate rich patchy resources but if migration is
patchy resources but if migration is
patchy resources but if migration is inherently risky how do they make the
inherently risky how do they make the
inherently risky how do they make the decision to go to risk the unknown over
decision to go to risk the unknown over
decision to go to risk the unknown over the known if you imagine if you had to
the known if you imagine if you had to
the known if you imagine if you had to make this decision
make this decision
make this decision I had bet a lot of money that you would
I had bet a lot of money that you would
I had bet a lot of money that you would not make this decision alone you would
not make this decision alone you would
not make this decision alone you would ask your friends or your family first
ask your friends or your family first
ask your friends or your family first and we have evidence that crossbills may
and we have evidence that crossbills may
and we have evidence that crossbills may be similarly influenced by those around
be similarly influenced by those around
be similarly influenced by those around them
them
them if you experience a stressor or
if you experience a stressor or
if you experience a stressor or Crossville experience as a stressor
Crossville experience as a stressor
Crossville experience as a stressor remember that sinking sensation in your
remember that sinking sensation in your
remember that sinking sensation in your gut your brain initiates a hormone
gut your brain initiates a hormone
gut your brain initiates a hormone cascade that ultimately releases a
cascade that ultimately releases a
cascade that ultimately releases a hormone called court and court is going
hormone called court and court is going
hormone called court and court is going to help to coordinate the body’s
to help to coordinate the body’s
to help to coordinate the body’s responses so that you can respond well
responses so that you can respond well
responses so that you can respond well to this stressor court is going to tell
to this stressor court is going to tell
to this stressor court is going to tell energy releasing cells to release energy
energy releasing cells to release energy
energy releasing cells to release energy into the bloodstream it’s going to help
into the bloodstream it’s going to help
into the bloodstream it’s going to help you to meet the energy challenge but
you to meet the energy challenge but
you to meet the energy challenge but it’s also gonna shift behavior what do
it’s also gonna shift behavior what do
it’s also gonna shift behavior what do we
we
we booze sex sorry what do we gain survival
booze sex sorry what do we gain survival
booze sex sorry what do we gain survival finding food and in the extreme
finding food and in the extreme
finding food and in the extreme potentially having to make an escape
potentially having to make an escape
potentially having to make an escape migration to locate better conditions
migration to locate better conditions
migration to locate better conditions the last thing that Court does that’s
the last thing that Court does that’s
the last thing that Court does that’s very important is that it feeds back and
very important is that it feeds back and
very important is that it feeds back and actually turns off that whole process
actually turns off that whole process
actually turns off that whole process court feeds back and tells the brain
court feeds back and tells the brain
court feeds back and tells the brain regions that initiated its release that
regions that initiated its release that
regions that initiated its release that the job has been done and you can turn
the job has been done and you can turn
the job has been done and you can turn off and this helps the body to return to
off and this helps the body to return to
off and this helps the body to return to a normal situation after the stressor
a normal situation after the stressor
a normal situation after the stressor has been removed we have evidence that
has been removed we have evidence that
has been removed we have evidence that social cues can impact this entire
social cues can impact this entire
social cues can impact this entire process you take a cross bill and you
process you take a cross bill and you
process you take a cross bill and you put it in the lab and you limit how much
put it in the lab and you limit how much
put it in the lab and you limit how much food it has your red food reduced bird
food it has your red food reduced bird
food it has your red food reduced bird what you see is that those birds have an
what you see is that those birds have an
what you see is that those birds have an elevation in this stress hormone called
elevation in this stress hormone called
elevation in this stress hormone called court food stress equals stress hormones
court food stress equals stress hormones
court food stress equals stress hormones but what’s interesting is that if you
but what’s interesting is that if you
but what’s interesting is that if you give this bird a neighbor that’s either
give this bird a neighbor that’s either
give this bird a neighbor that’s either well-fed or similarly is food reduced we
well-fed or similarly is food reduced we
well-fed or similarly is food reduced we see a different response food reduced
see a different response food reduced
see a different response food reduced birds that are paired with another food
birds that are paired with another food
birds that are paired with another food reduced bird have a higher release of
reduced bird have a higher release of
reduced bird have a higher release of stress hormones than if the neighbor was
stress hormones than if the neighbor was
stress hormones than if the neighbor was well fed suggesting that these social
well fed suggesting that these social
well fed suggesting that these social cues are actually impacting how the bird
cues are actually impacting how the bird
cues are actually impacting how the bird is responding to the same stress and it
is responding to the same stress and it
is responding to the same stress and it doesn’t just happen in the blood it also
doesn’t just happen in the blood it also
doesn’t just happen in the blood it also changes the brain so remember this
changes the brain so remember this
changes the brain so remember this negative feedback loop as court elevates
negative feedback loop as court elevates
negative feedback loop as court elevates in the blood the brain regions that
in the blood the brain regions that
in the blood the brain regions that control that court have receptors for it
control that court have receptors for it
control that court have receptors for it and so you need these receptors to
and so you need these receptors to
and so you need these receptors to detect the elevation of court and to
detect the elevation of court and to
detect the elevation of court and to turn off the response but if you have a
turn off the response but if you have a
turn off the response but if you have a food reduce neighbor the red bar you
food reduce neighbor the red bar you
food reduce neighbor the red bar you actually have fewer quart receptors in
actually have fewer quart receptors in
actually have fewer quart receptors in these brain regions that control this
these brain regions that control this
these brain regions that control this response suggesting that the social cues
response suggesting that the social cues
response suggesting that the social cues of having a reduced neighbor is actually
of having a reduced neighbor is actually
of having a reduced neighbor is actually changing the brain in a way that we
changing the brain in a way that we
changing the brain in a way that we think sensitizes the bird says two
think sensitizes the bird says two
think sensitizes the bird says two subsequent stressors
subsequent stressors
subsequent stressors if you
if you
if you have negative feedback or you have less
have negative feedback or you have less
have negative feedback or you have less negative feedback you’re gonna have a
negative feedback you’re gonna have a
negative feedback you’re gonna have a longer and a larger release of these
longer and a larger release of these
longer and a larger release of these stress hormones this might be a good
stress hormones this might be a good
stress hormones this might be a good thing for social species like a
thing for social species like a
thing for social species like a Crossville if you have to move together
Crossville if you have to move together
Crossville if you have to move together you have to make decisions together so
you have to make decisions together so
you have to make decisions together so it might be a great thing for the
it might be a great thing for the
it might be a great thing for the mechanisms that contribute to those
mechanisms that contribute to those
mechanisms that contribute to those decisions to be sensitive to social
decisions to be sensitive to social
decisions to be sensitive to social information so the million-dollar
information so the million-dollar
information so the million-dollar question does this apply to people and
question does this apply to people and
question does this apply to people and the short answer is that we don’t know
the short answer is that we don’t know
the short answer is that we don’t know yet we do know that the stress response
yet we do know that the stress response
yet we do know that the stress response is an ancient survival tool and that
is an ancient survival tool and that
is an ancient survival tool and that it’s many aspects of stress physiology
it’s many aspects of stress physiology
it’s many aspects of stress physiology are shared across vertebrate groups we
are shared across vertebrate groups we
are shared across vertebrate groups we think we can learn a lot about ourselves
think we can learn a lot about ourselves
think we can learn a lot about ourselves by studying animal systems but at the
by studying animal systems but at the
by studying animal systems but at the very least it can provide an intriguing
very least it can provide an intriguing
very least it can provide an intriguing avenue for self-reflection humans are
avenue for self-reflection humans are
avenue for self-reflection humans are not immune to unpredictable events even
not immune to unpredictable events even
not immune to unpredictable events even if you’re lucky enough to live in an
if you’re lucky enough to live in an
if you’re lucky enough to live in an area that’s not war-torn or that’s not
area that’s not war-torn or that’s not
area that’s not war-torn or that’s not economically unstable there are other
economically unstable there are other
economically unstable there are other kinds of natural disasters buyers and
kinds of natural disasters buyers and
kinds of natural disasters buyers and flooding are increasing in frequency
flooding are increasing in frequency
flooding are increasing in frequency with climate change many of which are
with climate change many of which are
with climate change many of which are deadly
deadly
deadly Hurricane Katrina killed 1,800 people
Hurricane Katrina killed 1,800 people
Hurricane Katrina killed 1,800 people 40% of those were people who drowned who
40% of those were people who drowned who
40% of those were people who drowned who either chose to stay or did not have the
either chose to stay or did not have the
either chose to stay or did not have the resources to be able to leave people
resources to be able to leave people
resources to be able to leave people have to make these decisions there may
have to make these decisions there may
have to make these decisions there may come a day when you have to make this
come a day when you have to make this
come a day when you have to make this decision and the decision may not be as
decision and the decision may not be as
decision and the decision may not be as much yours as you might like to think so
much yours as you might like to think so
much yours as you might like to think so you might ask yourself who is your flock
you might ask yourself who is your flock
you might ask yourself who is your flock how might they impact the decision that
how might they impact the decision that
how might they impact the decision that you make if disaster strikes Thanks
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music]
[Music] you
[Music] [Applause]
imagine that you walk into your usual
imagine that you walk into your usual grocery store you go through the doors
grocery store you go through the doors
grocery store you go through the doors you get your cart but as soon as you
you get your cart but as soon as you
you get your cart but as soon as you enter the aisles you realize that
enter the aisles you realize that
enter the aisles you realize that something’s definitely not right there
something’s definitely not right there
something’s definitely not right there are only scraps of food on the shelves
are only scraps of food on the shelves
are only scraps of food on the shelves slightly disconcerted you go to the next
slightly disconcerted you go to the next
slightly disconcerted you go to the next store and the next and the next by now
store and the next and the next by now
store and the next and the next by now your experience a sinking sensation in
your experience a sinking sensation in
your experience a sinking sensation in your gut your body is initiating a
your gut your body is initiating a
your gut your body is initiating a stress response that will help you to
stress response that will help you to
stress response that will help you to cope with making difficult decisions
cope with making difficult decisions
cope with making difficult decisions where would you go how would you find
where would you go how would you find
where would you go how would you find food
humans have faced resource challenges
humans have faced resource challenges throughout history whether it be a lack
throughout history whether it be a lack
throughout history whether it be a lack of food a lack of safety or other
of food a lack of safety or other
of food a lack of safety or other destabilizing factors you might not have
destabilizing factors you might not have
destabilizing factors you might not have thought much about the decisions that
thought much about the decisions that
thought much about the decisions that these people have had to make they’re
these people have had to make they’re
these people have had to make they’re difficult decisions potentially
difficult decisions potentially
difficult decisions potentially life-or-death decisions and they’re
life-or-death decisions and they’re
life-or-death decisions and they’re complex they involve equations about
complex they involve equations about
complex they involve equations about risks and resources some of which you
risks and resources some of which you
risks and resources some of which you know and some of which can really only
know and some of which can really only
know and some of which can really only be guessed at as a biologist I’m
be guessed at as a biologist I’m
be guessed at as a biologist I’m interested in how animals deal with
interested in how animals deal with
interested in how animals deal with unpredictable resources and I study a
unpredictable resources and I study a
unpredictable resources and I study a model organism that has to make these
model organism that has to make these
model organism that has to make these decisions relatively frequently to stay
decisions relatively frequently to stay
decisions relatively frequently to stay or to go
or to go
or to go in doing so I hope to better understand
in doing so I hope to better understand
in doing so I hope to better understand how and why animals make these decisions
how and why animals make these decisions
how and why animals make these decisions and a little bit about how that might
and a little bit about how that might
and a little bit about how that might help them survive in an unpredictable
help them survive in an unpredictable
help them survive in an unpredictable world meet the Red Cross bill this is a
world meet the Red Cross bill this is a
world meet the Red Cross bill this is a Finch with a cross bill that it uses to
Finch with a cross bill that it uses to
Finch with a cross bill that it uses to pry open the scales of conifer cones and
pry open the scales of conifer cones and
pry open the scales of conifer cones and it to access the seeds that are inside
it to access the seeds that are inside
it to access the seeds that are inside and this is a very rich food resource
and this is a very rich food resource
and this is a very rich food resource but it’s also unpredictable both in
but it’s also unpredictable both in
but it’s also unpredictable both in where across the entire continent the
where across the entire continent the
where across the entire continent the seeds will develop and also on how long
seeds will develop and also on how long
seeds will develop and also on how long the cones will retain the seeds inside
the cones will retain the seeds inside
the cones will retain the seeds inside so that the crossbills can forage on
so that the crossbills can forage on
so that the crossbills can forage on them
them
them so what happens when a Crossville finds
so what happens when a Crossville finds
so what happens when a Crossville finds itself in a situation of declining food
itself in a situation of declining food
itself in a situation of declining food they are well known for long distance
they are well known for long distance
they are well known for long distance nomadic migrations and they’re good at
nomadic migrations and they’re good at
nomadic migrations and they’re good at this it helps them to locate these
this it helps them to locate these
this it helps them to locate these patchy resources but migration just like
patchy resources but migration just like
patchy resources but migration just like for people is inherently risky there may
for people is inherently risky there may
for people is inherently risky there may be unknown resources along the way
be unknown resources along the way
be unknown resources along the way unknown predators and there can be
unknown predators and there can be
unknown predators and there can be barriers to migration itself the zebra
barriers to migration itself the zebra
barriers to migration itself the zebra finch for example faces an impassable
finch for example faces an impassable
finch for example faces an impassable barrier this Finch relies on green grass
barrier this Finch relies on green grass
barrier this Finch relies on green grass growth to reproduce but it lives in the
growth to reproduce but it lives in the
growth to reproduce but it lives in the arid interior of Australia and the rain
arid interior of Australia and the rain
arid interior of Australia and the rain that grows the green grass is extremely
that grows the green grass is extremely
that grows the green grass is extremely unpredictable and can be very rare
unpredictable and can be very rare
unpredictable and can be very rare whereas crossbills can be highly mobile
whereas crossbills can be highly mobile
whereas crossbills can be highly mobile and locate these patchy resources zebra
and locate these patchy resources zebra
and locate these patchy resources zebra finches have to sit and wait simply
finches have to sit and wait simply
finches have to sit and wait simply because there’s not enough water to
because there’s not enough water to
because there’s not enough water to drink along the way so this is a highly
drink along the way so this is a highly
drink along the way so this is a highly mobile species that can locate rich
mobile species that can locate rich
mobile species that can locate rich patchy resources but if migration is
patchy resources but if migration is
patchy resources but if migration is inherently risky how do they make the
inherently risky how do they make the
inherently risky how do they make the decision to go to risk the unknown over
decision to go to risk the unknown over
decision to go to risk the unknown over the known if you imagine if you had to
the known if you imagine if you had to
the known if you imagine if you had to make this decision
make this decision
make this decision I had bet a lot of money that you would
I had bet a lot of money that you would
I had bet a lot of money that you would not make this decision alone you would
not make this decision alone you would
not make this decision alone you would ask your friends or your family first
ask your friends or your family first
ask your friends or your family first and we have evidence that crossbills may
and we have evidence that crossbills may
and we have evidence that crossbills may be similarly influenced by those around
be similarly influenced by those around
be similarly influenced by those around them
them
them if you experience a stressor or
if you experience a stressor or
if you experience a stressor or Crossville experience as a stressor
Crossville experience as a stressor
Crossville experience as a stressor remember that sinking sensation in your
remember that sinking sensation in your
remember that sinking sensation in your gut your brain initiates a hormone
gut your brain initiates a hormone
gut your brain initiates a hormone cascade that ultimately releases a
cascade that ultimately releases a
cascade that ultimately releases a hormone called court and court is going
hormone called court and court is going
hormone called court and court is going to help to coordinate the body’s
to help to coordinate the body’s
to help to coordinate the body’s responses so that you can respond well
responses so that you can respond well
responses so that you can respond well to this stressor court is going to tell
to this stressor court is going to tell
to this stressor court is going to tell energy releasing cells to release energy
energy releasing cells to release energy
energy releasing cells to release energy into the bloodstream it’s going to help
into the bloodstream it’s going to help
into the bloodstream it’s going to help you to meet the energy challenge but
you to meet the energy challenge but
you to meet the energy challenge but it’s also gonna shift behavior what do
it’s also gonna shift behavior what do
it’s also gonna shift behavior what do we
we
we booze sex sorry what do we gain survival
booze sex sorry what do we gain survival
booze sex sorry what do we gain survival finding food and in the extreme
finding food and in the extreme
finding food and in the extreme potentially having to make an escape
potentially having to make an escape
potentially having to make an escape migration to locate better conditions
migration to locate better conditions
migration to locate better conditions the last thing that Court does that’s
the last thing that Court does that’s
the last thing that Court does that’s very important is that it feeds back and
very important is that it feeds back and
very important is that it feeds back and actually turns off that whole process
actually turns off that whole process
actually turns off that whole process court feeds back and tells the brain
court feeds back and tells the brain
court feeds back and tells the brain regions that initiated its release that
regions that initiated its release that
regions that initiated its release that the job has been done and you can turn
the job has been done and you can turn
the job has been done and you can turn off and this helps the body to return to
off and this helps the body to return to
off and this helps the body to return to a normal situation after the stressor
a normal situation after the stressor
a normal situation after the stressor has been removed we have evidence that
has been removed we have evidence that
has been removed we have evidence that social cues can impact this entire
social cues can impact this entire
social cues can impact this entire process you take a cross bill and you
process you take a cross bill and you
process you take a cross bill and you put it in the lab and you limit how much
put it in the lab and you limit how much
put it in the lab and you limit how much food it has your red food reduced bird
food it has your red food reduced bird
food it has your red food reduced bird what you see is that those birds have an
what you see is that those birds have an
what you see is that those birds have an elevation in this stress hormone called
elevation in this stress hormone called
elevation in this stress hormone called court food stress equals stress hormones
court food stress equals stress hormones
court food stress equals stress hormones but what’s interesting is that if you
but what’s interesting is that if you
but what’s interesting is that if you give this bird a neighbor that’s either
give this bird a neighbor that’s either
give this bird a neighbor that’s either well-fed or similarly is food reduced we
well-fed or similarly is food reduced we
well-fed or similarly is food reduced we see a different response food reduced
see a different response food reduced
see a different response food reduced birds that are paired with another food
birds that are paired with another food
birds that are paired with another food reduced bird have a higher release of
reduced bird have a higher release of
reduced bird have a higher release of stress hormones than if the neighbor was
stress hormones than if the neighbor was
stress hormones than if the neighbor was well fed suggesting that these social
well fed suggesting that these social
well fed suggesting that these social cues are actually impacting how the bird
cues are actually impacting how the bird
cues are actually impacting how the bird is responding to the same stress and it
is responding to the same stress and it
is responding to the same stress and it doesn’t just happen in the blood it also
doesn’t just happen in the blood it also
doesn’t just happen in the blood it also changes the brain so remember this
changes the brain so remember this
changes the brain so remember this negative feedback loop as court elevates
negative feedback loop as court elevates
negative feedback loop as court elevates in the blood the brain regions that
in the blood the brain regions that
in the blood the brain regions that control that court have receptors for it
control that court have receptors for it
control that court have receptors for it and so you need these receptors to
and so you need these receptors to
and so you need these receptors to detect the elevation of court and to
detect the elevation of court and to
detect the elevation of court and to turn off the response but if you have a
turn off the response but if you have a
turn off the response but if you have a food reduce neighbor the red bar you
food reduce neighbor the red bar you
food reduce neighbor the red bar you actually have fewer quart receptors in
actually have fewer quart receptors in
actually have fewer quart receptors in these brain regions that control this
these brain regions that control this
these brain regions that control this response suggesting that the social cues
response suggesting that the social cues
response suggesting that the social cues of having a reduced neighbor is actually
of having a reduced neighbor is actually
of having a reduced neighbor is actually changing the brain in a way that we
changing the brain in a way that we
changing the brain in a way that we think sensitizes the bird says two
think sensitizes the bird says two
think sensitizes the bird says two subsequent stressors
subsequent stressors
subsequent stressors if you
if you
if you have negative feedback or you have less
have negative feedback or you have less
have negative feedback or you have less negative feedback you’re gonna have a
negative feedback you’re gonna have a
negative feedback you’re gonna have a longer and a larger release of these
longer and a larger release of these
longer and a larger release of these stress hormones this might be a good
stress hormones this might be a good
stress hormones this might be a good thing for social species like a
thing for social species like a
thing for social species like a Crossville if you have to move together
Crossville if you have to move together
Crossville if you have to move together you have to make decisions together so
you have to make decisions together so
you have to make decisions together so it might be a great thing for the
it might be a great thing for the
it might be a great thing for the mechanisms that contribute to those
mechanisms that contribute to those
mechanisms that contribute to those decisions to be sensitive to social
decisions to be sensitive to social
decisions to be sensitive to social information so the million-dollar
information so the million-dollar
information so the million-dollar question does this apply to people and
question does this apply to people and
question does this apply to people and the short answer is that we don’t know
the short answer is that we don’t know
the short answer is that we don’t know yet we do know that the stress response
yet we do know that the stress response
yet we do know that the stress response is an ancient survival tool and that
is an ancient survival tool and that
is an ancient survival tool and that it’s many aspects of stress physiology
it’s many aspects of stress physiology
it’s many aspects of stress physiology are shared across vertebrate groups we
are shared across vertebrate groups we
are shared across vertebrate groups we think we can learn a lot about ourselves
think we can learn a lot about ourselves
think we can learn a lot about ourselves by studying animal systems but at the
by studying animal systems but at the
by studying animal systems but at the very least it can provide an intriguing
very least it can provide an intriguing
very least it can provide an intriguing avenue for self-reflection humans are
avenue for self-reflection humans are
avenue for self-reflection humans are not immune to unpredictable events even
not immune to unpredictable events even
not immune to unpredictable events even if you’re lucky enough to live in an
if you’re lucky enough to live in an
if you’re lucky enough to live in an area that’s not war-torn or that’s not
area that’s not war-torn or that’s not
area that’s not war-torn or that’s not economically unstable there are other
economically unstable there are other
economically unstable there are other kinds of natural disasters buyers and
kinds of natural disasters buyers and
kinds of natural disasters buyers and flooding are increasing in frequency
flooding are increasing in frequency
flooding are increasing in frequency with climate change many of which are
with climate change many of which are
with climate change many of which are deadly
deadly
deadly Hurricane Katrina killed 1,800 people
Hurricane Katrina killed 1,800 people
Hurricane Katrina killed 1,800 people 40% of those were people who drowned who
40% of those were people who drowned who
40% of those were people who drowned who either chose to stay or did not have the
either chose to stay or did not have the
either chose to stay or did not have the resources to be able to leave people
resources to be able to leave people
resources to be able to leave people have to make these decisions there may
have to make these decisions there may
have to make these decisions there may come a day when you have to make this
come a day when you have to make this
come a day when you have to make this decision and the decision may not be as
decision and the decision may not be as
decision and the decision may not be as much yours as you might like to think so
much yours as you might like to think so
much yours as you might like to think so you might ask yourself who is your flock
you might ask yourself who is your flock
you might ask yourself who is your flock how might they impact the decision that
how might they impact the decision that
how might they impact the decision that you make if disaster strikes Thanks
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music]
[Music] you
Please follow and like us: