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Vers une économie cyclique dans le monde du numérique | Maher Chebbo | TEDxPanthéonAssas


[Applause]
it’s really an honor to be invited
if it is and it is with pleasure that I
north 7 was inviting that meaning that I’m going
pass a little digital side is what
the world how he evolved in the
past years and through the
inventions and then the role of digital and
the cyclical economy
so I prepared some information
we will start at the beginning by talking about
the inventions how they evolved
through the centuries
at this hour it would like to have a
little hungry there was a society in 1926
which was actually called
frigidaire and thomas mich was
the inventor of refrigeration cycle where he
found that the gas could
has the refrigerating cycle done
keeps food and who
actually allows after reuse them
after for our needs
so this work that made it possible to invent
the fridge has evolved after today
what we find we will find
communicating machines so your part
which actually became very important which
is the part to our sales has become
a convenience and today what
gives the most important this is the side
communicating refrigerators so we will
rather find a computer when you
see it is on the image that will you
to say when you need to
supply what are the calories
you have consumed
and know how to send information that
are going to actually run a little bit the cycle
food and supply at
our second example is advancement
of the steam engine in 1769
so that was the origin of all
trains the cars even the first
flying airplane he was at value machine
was at the time that a revolution is
the biggest use of machines
to steam it was especially for the
industrial revolution at the beginning of
century
so today we will find some
something that has nothing to do at the time
with the invention
if magnetic suspension trains
so this train is a train that makes
Shanghai and Sharjah Airport between
the airport center is about 30
km it goes up to 450 km per hour
does that in 7 minutes and 20 seconds in
average
it makes about 150 climatologists
since at the beginning you do not have to start
very quickly and then on arrival you have to
not also landing very fast is for
that they were inviting this way after this
Sir this is not actually
the inventor of the calculator
it’s strong neumann he invited the
first architecture calculator that
so is called the computer which is a
operating system and that was in
1946 so behind this gentleman you
see cabinets so that weighed down to
about 25 tons it had a speed
which was 5 billion 5000 instruction
per second and that could fill
maybe this amphitheater completely
so from there we went to
something that is
microprocessors that does pretty much they
are 1 2 g and that will make it to the
calculations of 25 billion per second and
today who could have imagined that at
from 1st mention we had a space
filled with cabinets with little instruction
5000 it was great at the time but
today it’s really very little by
compared to what the little ones do
other intel microprocessors then he
are other inventions
what you see left if a boycott
copter it’s all electric
today it exists on the market
can do hundreds of kilometers you
know also the solar impulse that in
2016 went around the world doing
forty thousand kilometers also
it’s a Swiss team that was on course
21 to talk about their invention
we also work a lot on
autonomous cars communicating
i was in california the week
last one of the boxes was bought back
by intel who only work on
the software side of driving
autonomous it was bought back to 15.3
billions of dollars because there is a
huge market
and then one day in 2040 rolls royce has
announced that she will work only on the
all electric before giving everything
which is thermal and diesel and others
so a huge market those cars
communicating then this car too
that they will use the techniques
Intelligent ie if it
happens that they see a ball ahead
the car
she will start thinking by saying
if there is a balloon there may be a
child behind so I’m going to try to
slow down even if it’s not a being
human but maybe the human being is going
to arrive in default that I slow down
so that’s all and techniques of
machine learning or activision
intelligence that are used after one
will find also and all that is
3d image
and augmented reality and what is
can be used in industries this
which can be used also in the
life and we can even put too much
fleas in the skin of the human being who
will actually communicate information
who will give us the state of health of
someone does not actually go see
the doctor every 10 minutes and
to have if someone a critical condition the
doctor will receive the information and
in fact she had invaded the
necessary signals and all that is
Gassion is a market today that
huge that we are able to go
wander somewhere in a city and
then we have with our iphone a guide
tourist who will tell you you are going
right you go left etc
then there is more than half of the
population in the world who are connected to
Internet
there are five billion who have a
mobile phone and even some have some
many
okay so the world is already connected
we invented a lot of things then
why do we need to go back to
sources
why inheritance why the past
is always useful then the past is
always useful because we think it
there is a wealth of information a mine of
information that can help us
understand a little bit about the future
it does not mean that the past in
extrapolating one can predict the future
but it includes a number
learning of information that a
once returned to the physical models
sometimes philosophical mathematics
they will allow us to give
information about our future
so today when we look
the set of data that are
collected on machines only 2
% of these data are analyzed and
done when they are analyzed it’s up to
just informational title salute fact
not too much intelligence on it so
everything else is a mine
information and intelligence that
can enable us to better manage and
machine efficiency
better manage something else while that
either structured data
so these camps and libraries
organized with names of titles etc
categories o data that are
unstructured that come a little bit of
all social networks or
defends weather information etc all
types of data one is not in the process
to analyze enough is actually
precisely 2% of the data that is
analyzed then why one needs
to analyze things more and come back
to the past to understand it for
try to prevent and predict
the future
so we ‘re always going to be more efficient
in factories we always want more
efficiency in infrastructure
which all we use
transport infrastructure
aeronautics airports networks
electric transport etc
we also want at the level of health
improved our health
so there are a lot of things to
understand a lot of diseases yet
can we prevent cancer
before he arrives
are we can try to understand
the reports a bit at the genetic level
to try to avoid someone
can have a briand name that sick
for example we want our cities
be cleaner with a minimum of
missions and we can walk around
optimized way to invest and have
cities that are social and cities
who are human short we would like to have
a better well-being
so that’s why we have to do
much more than sees a fridge
connected than seeing a train that goes over
fast or that to see to computers
on small processors that make 25
billions of instructions per second
then the circular economy is one of
well-being and one of the benefits also
elected digital can play a role
important in sweden
100% of the waste fatou what we eat
everything I have here 100% recycled when
we recycle all the waste
it’s an economy that’s much more
boosted it’s an economic and more
effective
and even you are able to make
cocktails by doing some sport the
morning on what happens sometimes once
per year to some after it would have to be
able to predict and improve
the future so how do we then
invented what’s called the twin
digital or digital certainly not the
digital term we will use was
maybe digital then sealed it’s
water is not just a reflection
when you see it’s on the picture
it’s to understand the black box
from the plane
today as has been able to reduce
the number of disasters on planes
so firstly there is the association
iata where there are all the companies
participating airlines
secondly we try to trace any
the story of this poor airplane
since it was designed in offices
study until its manufacture in factory
and then until it is put into
exploitation
so we know which pilot drove him
it co pilot in what
atmospheric conditions in which country
that he did the maintenance everything is
plot so that if ever there is a
problem we can go back trying to
understand and prevent and improve
things at the plane level when we do
the same thing also with any type
of equipment whether it’s the power plants
of production be it wind turbines
whether it’s the highways that it is
airports are trying to find the
digital twins that allow in
done by placing some fate this out at
level of each equipment to collect
pressure temperature information
fatigue to try more reliable and
prevent some things stop in
course of the road
reduce the number of accidents and
try to save money and
to have a better functioning of
our facilities also at the level
digital
we are able for wind turbines
to be able to collect information and
we will have in 2020 this is a goal that has
been set by the European Commission
for example the buyer at 20% of our
energies that would come from sources
renewable
we will have in 2040 maybe 40% we will have
a moment in 2050 maybe 80% who
will come from sources that they are not
polluting sources
so we also need to collect
information because these are
students distribute everywhere on
the territory there will be millions
and millions and we need to
to manage their reliability and manage to
when does it generate energy
when we do not need it for the
store our tastes sure to have more
in addition to digital that actually goes
calculated and store the information the
night while we sleep for some and
then we should use it when we
needs for some or most
so also today a potential
at the data level
you have to release him that’s why he
are more and more regulatory it
there are more and more directives issued
to the European Commission that those who
holds customer information
customers’ telecom customers
of energy and screaming transport could
share them with those who can
to use and innovate on it is the key
other things but be careful we can
not manipulate the data we listened to it
also previous data
and there is the private side and security side and
we know how also worked on the
private side and security so as not to
have trouble handling
data should also be released this
creativity
today unlike the days when
I studied and it’s all
world was going to do just
computing and that’s the physics
expect nothing the technique it gives to
nothing etc
we can get back to the sources
the models need people who
know the maths the models they
need champions know the
physical
the computer does not do everything so it goes
must have programmed things given place
to creativity find a link and there
some who have worked it called the
tamani on the relationship between
the use of lifts and
pregnant women for example
building to tell me in the end that holds
when there are more pregnant women
in the building says more elevator
so we would have to predict the number
of hours actually for censorship which he
there are lots of things you can do
with the predictions so as to connect
the data between them but for that
we should develop enormously the
model this is called the
exceeds a test that have a background
mathematical physics scientist
sometimes biological also because
in the sense you need that whose
health is also a bit of IT that
actually allows to develop models
so we did some calculations to say if
we gained 1% efficiency at the level of
consumption of oil for example
at the level of effectiveness
productivity in this sector that you
see aeronautics pole energy if we
did one percent efficiency one
could earn $ 276 billion
over 15 years and it’s not nothing there
other figures that were issued by
the world economic forum in 2016 the
advantage of digital use for
the industry is with 3 trillion
dollars and for society would be 2
trillions of dollars so profits
which are huge for society then
the conclusion that I would like you
give what our heritage and a mine
of knowledge
we have seen we have a lot
information just enough to
search our attic in our
closet to find a lot of things
on the past maybe they can and
it be useful if fashion comes back we are
also able to work on the
digital technologies for
actually tried to convey a
future that best for our children
your children if you have them even if you
are young in the room so after he
is the big question in to jurists
in the room in part then the right
or the advanced digital then certainly
they will never be there at the right time
that is to say we will find that the right
sometimes is a bit too sophisticated by
compared to technology what in
France we will sometimes find the advanced
technological that goes a little too fast to
google a little but there is a lot
too fast before the right settles
but ultimately in June one day or the other
to find a point of convergence for
try to catch up so this is a
fight that will be eternal but it takes
not that it’s a barrier to the advanced
technological after creativity
so I always say people too
disciplined do not wreak havoc
it’s beautiful the heifers and crazy that
whether in painting or whatever
in the technological creativity that this
in art any type of art
also cdc people who must see a
strand of madness what I call actually
creativity this in accordance and with its
dynamic with a creativity that huge
that we have no limit for the crisis and
for creativity for all that
is able to do
so on it I hope it was
clear rather no Chinese and thank you
your attention
[Applause]
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