[Music]
hello everyone thank you for being here
and excuse me I’m a bit nervous so I
probably I don’t know I’m nervous
so I’m Anna I’m 16 years old and I’m a
high school student and what makes me
ahead of my time is my keen for science
it all started as a kid since since my
mom was a map is a math teacher
I sit on the table and while she was
teaching God other children and I used
to hear the phrase when when X tends to
infinity and I was really curious about
this term infinity and I started asking
questions and the answers were pretty
much the same you know it’s endless in
mathematics just the symbol and it does
exist in reality so I guess that as a
four-year-old I was pretty satisfied
with those answers but as we grew up I
realized that there was something
terribly disturbing about those
explanations because they weren’t simply
enough and I think I realized that there
was not there is no man in this world
that actually understands infinity and
why is it there why do we need this
concept why did we came up with this in
the first place and I I also like to
mention no I also like to mention yet
that my this thirst for information
was born from watching sci-fi movies and
from there I learned that the universe
is infinite and then I clicked I said to
myself that maybe if I would gain more
information about the universe maybe
then I would understand infinity and of
course this is just a state
you cannot prove me right but she also
cannot prove me wrong as you know
sometimes you must go blindly through
understand to enlighten things you must
make assumptions
so I also learn from there that we have
access only to the observable universe
and this was a huge constraint for my
life mission to conquer did conquer
infinity and the only way to break this
boundary is by breaking the speed of
light and the only way to do that is
using the what so called
D EFT the FTL methods which you guessed
it’s faster than light travel methods
and one of these methods the one that
I’m going to talk about today is called
warp drive so what is warp drive
we’ve all heard we’ve all seen or at
least heard of the the technology of
Star Trek and there was a time when the
street wasn’t written and the directors
all they knew is that they wanted to
make a space opera which implies wise
definition space travel but there also
was a problem they wanted the scripts to
stand to stay on terms with the laws of
physics so where is the problem here
okay
even if the USS Enterprise would travel
at the speed of light
it would need it would need twenty
twenty-five thousand years to reach only
the center of our galaxy so watching the
grass grow would be far more interesting
and the
a serious problem so that’s how they
came up with this warp drive this
concept of course today I’m not going to
talk about the fictional one this warp
drive I’m going to talk about the real
one the one that extends to reality
which has a different name and it’s
called Alcubierre warp drive or simply
Alcubierre drive so what is this weird
thing in 1994 physicist Miguel
Alcubierre proposed the way to solve the
universal speed limit and that is
nothing gets nothing that has mass can
travel faster than the speed of light
through space but wait a second I said
that us we cannot travel through space
what if instead I move the space around
me so that’s what al Kabeer thought
about and given the laws of general
relativity you could do this because
generativity tells us that space is
dynamical it can expand it can contract
and yeah you could do this and this is
what I call a back door in physics
proper banker in physics because the
universe is just playing a little game
with us all it provides you with all the
stuff and it’s hidden in plain sight and
it takes someone really smart to come
and CD the simple in the complicated and
that’s what I could be or did okay so
how does it work imagine that we have a
two point in space
uh let’s say earth and the center of
Milky Way and the space between these
two points is a slinky right okay on the
slinky we have a point where we say it’s
our spaceship so if we expand the space
behind the ship and contract the space
in front of the ship making some kind of
a sling out of space you would reach
your destination without highly moving
at all and that’s what al Kabeer is all
about you could say maybe that for this
method you drag your destination towards
yourself and you push back your starting
point okay so we’ve seen how this works
but how do we make it happen one of the
most interesting things about this and
unique things about al Kabeer this
traveled FTL travel method is that
shouldn’t be affected by any
relativistic effects like say time
dilation
so you that’s because you would sit in a
bubble of unworked space and you would
experience time as well as you didn’t
earth so the only the only warp space is
on the bubble not inside the bubble so
you would come back home and not realize
that your ten-year-old daughter daughter
became a granny like poor old Cooper did
if you know what I’m referring to if you
see interstellar so
and al-kabir also showed that you
wouldn’t be affected by any roulette any
inertial effects also you this is a
little bit more complicated to explain
so I won’t get deeper into that but I
want you to remember that you wouldn’t
be squeezed to death when the sea when
the ship is actually accelerating
alright now how do we make it happen how
do you make it work
for that we are going to need to solve
Einstein’s field equations so bear with
me for a second it is not too
complicated I’m going to explain all
right why we do this it’s because these
equations tell us how space behaves
under the presence of a distribution of
matter but because they are equations we
can solve them backwards and suppose I
want space to do something I can find
out how to put matter to put a mat to
put a chunk of matter in place to in
order to make space do what I want and
as expected to contract the space in
front in front of the ship we would need
a lot of mass that’s what it does but in
order to expand space we would need
something really really really weird
which is negative mass and this is the
major problem that’s why we are not
jumping into ships right now and go
search another world because it’s still
us it’s still a weird idea right now
some people think that despite the
advantages that it brings negative mass
I mean
it remains in the large-scale pretty
horrifying thermodynamically speaking
that’s because negative mass experiences
gravity as a repulsive force so say I
had an apple an apple of negative mass
this Apple wouldn’t fall word Newton
head Newton said it would fly away from
it so say I have two bunches of of
[Music]
masses with opposite sign then the the
the positive mass would attract the
negative mass and then the negative mass
would repel the positive mass and then
again the positive mass would attract
the negative mass and so on to infinity
and this gives us a
perpetuum mobile’ a which is a very
thermodynamically no thanks all right of
course some of us have winter break
thermodynamics to fulfill their dreams
so d the good news is that is that
negative mass isn’t actually impossible
it’s been made in a lab actually thanks
to quantum mechanics which is just
another word for magic so yeah um of
course it’s it ought to be this this
experiment that gave gave negative mass
which is by the way called it’s inspired
by the Casimir effect well I’m not going
to explain that that’s far – all right
this gave negative mass for a very short
period of time and it’s thought to be
impractical because we don’t know if we
could if we could do this on a large
scale if we could get enough negative
mass so it’s still an open question
of course what we are doing right now
are just baby steps but in the end we
must remember that a game-changing idea
was in the first place it was impossible
until someone came and said no it’s not
impossible it’s necessary and I wake up
every morning I know that I know that
the odds seem against me they’re all up
against me and I and I wake up every
every morning and I tell myself that
reality is the product of dreams so that
I I don’t lose hope and I keep going on
in order to fulfill my life mission of
conquering infinity and I would like to
leave with this passing top thoughts
which is a cult from Ulysses and it is
like this come my friends this is not
too late to seek in your world to save
beyond to sail beyond the sunset and the
best of the western stars until I die
thank you for your attention
[Applause]
[Music]
you
[Applause]
hello everyone thank you for being here
and excuse me I’m a bit nervous so I
probably I don’t know I’m nervous
so I’m Anna I’m 16 years old and I’m a
high school student and what makes me
ahead of my time is my keen for science
it all started as a kid since since my
mom was a map is a math teacher
I sit on the table and while she was
teaching God other children and I used
to hear the phrase when when X tends to
infinity and I was really curious about
this term infinity and I started asking
questions and the answers were pretty
much the same you know it’s endless in
mathematics just the symbol and it does
exist in reality so I guess that as a
four-year-old I was pretty satisfied
with those answers but as we grew up I
realized that there was something
terribly disturbing about those
explanations because they weren’t simply
enough and I think I realized that there
was not there is no man in this world
that actually understands infinity and
why is it there why do we need this
concept why did we came up with this in
the first place and I I also like to
mention no I also like to mention yet
that my this thirst for information
was born from watching sci-fi movies and
from there I learned that the universe
is infinite and then I clicked I said to
myself that maybe if I would gain more
information about the universe maybe
then I would understand infinity and of
course this is just a state
you cannot prove me right but she also
cannot prove me wrong as you know
sometimes you must go blindly through
understand to enlighten things you must
make assumptions
so I also learn from there that we have
access only to the observable universe
and this was a huge constraint for my
life mission to conquer did conquer
infinity and the only way to break this
boundary is by breaking the speed of
light and the only way to do that is
using the what so called
D EFT the FTL methods which you guessed
it’s faster than light travel methods
and one of these methods the one that
I’m going to talk about today is called
warp drive so what is warp drive
we’ve all heard we’ve all seen or at
least heard of the the technology of
Star Trek and there was a time when the
street wasn’t written and the directors
all they knew is that they wanted to
make a space opera which implies wise
definition space travel but there also
was a problem they wanted the scripts to
stand to stay on terms with the laws of
physics so where is the problem here
okay
even if the USS Enterprise would travel
at the speed of light
it would need it would need twenty
twenty-five thousand years to reach only
the center of our galaxy so watching the
grass grow would be far more interesting
and the
a serious problem so that’s how they
came up with this warp drive this
concept of course today I’m not going to
talk about the fictional one this warp
drive I’m going to talk about the real
one the one that extends to reality
which has a different name and it’s
called Alcubierre warp drive or simply
Alcubierre drive so what is this weird
thing in 1994 physicist Miguel
Alcubierre proposed the way to solve the
universal speed limit and that is
nothing gets nothing that has mass can
travel faster than the speed of light
through space but wait a second I said
that us we cannot travel through space
what if instead I move the space around
me so that’s what al Kabeer thought
about and given the laws of general
relativity you could do this because
generativity tells us that space is
dynamical it can expand it can contract
and yeah you could do this and this is
what I call a back door in physics
proper banker in physics because the
universe is just playing a little game
with us all it provides you with all the
stuff and it’s hidden in plain sight and
it takes someone really smart to come
and CD the simple in the complicated and
that’s what I could be or did okay so
how does it work imagine that we have a
two point in space
uh let’s say earth and the center of
Milky Way and the space between these
two points is a slinky right okay on the
slinky we have a point where we say it’s
our spaceship so if we expand the space
behind the ship and contract the space
in front of the ship making some kind of
a sling out of space you would reach
your destination without highly moving
at all and that’s what al Kabeer is all
about you could say maybe that for this
method you drag your destination towards
yourself and you push back your starting
point okay so we’ve seen how this works
but how do we make it happen one of the
most interesting things about this and
unique things about al Kabeer this
traveled FTL travel method is that
shouldn’t be affected by any
relativistic effects like say time
dilation
so you that’s because you would sit in a
bubble of unworked space and you would
experience time as well as you didn’t
earth so the only the only warp space is
on the bubble not inside the bubble so
you would come back home and not realize
that your ten-year-old daughter daughter
became a granny like poor old Cooper did
if you know what I’m referring to if you
see interstellar so
and al-kabir also showed that you
wouldn’t be affected by any roulette any
inertial effects also you this is a
little bit more complicated to explain
so I won’t get deeper into that but I
want you to remember that you wouldn’t
be squeezed to death when the sea when
the ship is actually accelerating
alright now how do we make it happen how
do you make it work
for that we are going to need to solve
Einstein’s field equations so bear with
me for a second it is not too
complicated I’m going to explain all
right why we do this it’s because these
equations tell us how space behaves
under the presence of a distribution of
matter but because they are equations we
can solve them backwards and suppose I
want space to do something I can find
out how to put matter to put a mat to
put a chunk of matter in place to in
order to make space do what I want and
as expected to contract the space in
front in front of the ship we would need
a lot of mass that’s what it does but in
order to expand space we would need
something really really really weird
which is negative mass and this is the
major problem that’s why we are not
jumping into ships right now and go
search another world because it’s still
us it’s still a weird idea right now
some people think that despite the
advantages that it brings negative mass
I mean
it remains in the large-scale pretty
horrifying thermodynamically speaking
that’s because negative mass experiences
gravity as a repulsive force so say I
had an apple an apple of negative mass
this Apple wouldn’t fall word Newton
head Newton said it would fly away from
it so say I have two bunches of of
[Music]
masses with opposite sign then the the
the positive mass would attract the
negative mass and then the negative mass
would repel the positive mass and then
again the positive mass would attract
the negative mass and so on to infinity
and this gives us a
perpetuum mobile’ a which is a very
thermodynamically no thanks all right of
course some of us have winter break
thermodynamics to fulfill their dreams
so d the good news is that is that
negative mass isn’t actually impossible
it’s been made in a lab actually thanks
to quantum mechanics which is just
another word for magic so yeah um of
course it’s it ought to be this this
experiment that gave gave negative mass
which is by the way called it’s inspired
by the Casimir effect well I’m not going
to explain that that’s far – all right
this gave negative mass for a very short
period of time and it’s thought to be
impractical because we don’t know if we
could if we could do this on a large
scale if we could get enough negative
mass so it’s still an open question
of course what we are doing right now
are just baby steps but in the end we
must remember that a game-changing idea
was in the first place it was impossible
until someone came and said no it’s not
impossible it’s necessary and I wake up
every morning I know that I know that
the odds seem against me they’re all up
against me and I and I wake up every
every morning and I tell myself that
reality is the product of dreams so that
I I don’t lose hope and I keep going on
in order to fulfill my life mission of
conquering infinity and I would like to
leave with this passing top thoughts
which is a cult from Ulysses and it is
like this come my friends this is not
too late to seek in your world to save
beyond to sail beyond the sunset and the
best of the western stars until I die
thank you for your attention
[Applause]
[Music]
you
[Applause]
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