well well we have quite a crowd here so
maybe I should start by counting how
many of us here how many people is there
here so I need to come from there 1 2 3
4
oh well quickly I got 638 exactly I can
secretly when I was sitting listening to
cop to 2 talks but I would like to care
again
how many living organisms living things
life forms that they are here missing
listening to me in this thing to my talk
a TEDx talk so I need to count again 1 2
3 4 5
Wow quickly you see how mainly I got
life forms hundreds of trillions
actually I didn’t think that part my
service so popular but but that’s true
because what we have here Mike all isms
tiny creatures or just microbes or bugs
so they’re everywhere so you just you
say notice nothing surprising so it’s
Mike Fossum should be everywhere there
in the in the streams in the duct in the
soil on animals in animals on the plants
and so on
so they’re everywhere but when we look
at micro some spots microbes on the
things that we use daily well maybe
let’s stop if something that you think
might be very dirty the toilet so you
see this is from one study so they just
swap and kong and and try to estimate
the number by columns on different
things you see the toilet is actually
the cleanest here oh my god
but come and think about it you create a
tireless everyday or maybe your domestic
helpers credit in the morning and also
in the afternoon but then you know
what’s most dirty one here it’s just my
thumb and you’re taking pictures of it
you have 25,000 per inch here bucks
microbes
okay so stop playing with your phone now
and listen to me well a lot of the
microbes that we think of we think about
them as Pavo Jones yes that’s very true
actually a lot of them are poorer Jones
so they attack you the biggest sick they
make you vomit the course diarrhea so
they can be power Jones these are
pathogens but sometimes some of them
actually are gooth bucks so in fact most
of the bucks a lot of the bugs that good
bucks but remind you that bugs are not
born to be good or bad they just behave
as themselves all right but also
sometimes a good buck can be back where
the collisions is not so well then good
but make make you sick
so what he news like that lunchboxes
with a lot of toxins produced by bugs
excess bacteria in the lunch boxes and
so on you know these are the bad parts
doing their jobs but first like this the
latter was the most important protein
source for Japanese from long long time
actually this is a bowl of bacterial
culture so you culture bacteria with the
soybean and the bacteria predigested the
leghole the soybean and then produce a
easier to digest food and they also get
rid of that inhibitor that you think the
soybean without being affected by the
inhibitor well the
be well a better version of me
similarly to be and you see I’m not
shedding dust I’m shedding my
chromosomes bucks microbes so you say
well I don’t see you shedding all your
bacterias but mind you by possums by
crossbucks
small tiny and microscopic we can let me
see them with our eyes so we have a lot
of bucks on us and you’re sharing your
bucks and you you you will not know that
you’re so connected with the the one
sitting beside you because your poxy is
going to them but you’re receiving the
bucks also so well actually trying to
point out is that we have bucks we have
microsomes on us but also in us and in
the last 10 years or so we know a lot
about these bacteria viruses fungi on us
and also in us so you see these are
cover stories of scientific journal
Nature but that’s not so important but
when these bucks
kills you to cover of The Economist then
you know they are really real and
important
sadly the American have a cover story of
your internet ecosystem so they’re in a
systems ecosystems the Box in you and
the biggest ass whether we’re really
just human of course we like to think
that we are the golden boy okay but we
are we a hundred percent human well the
answer is no so not only that we have
microbes on us Fox in us but also they
are outnumber us so we have about
trillion cells in a body in each one of
us a trillion human cells but we have
ten trillion bucks in us or honors so we
are
actually well look at you look at
yourself you think that well I’m just a
human but actually I’m looking at you as
a walking superhuman carrying ecosystem
10 trillion cells of bacteria or virus
viruses and fungi walking around and
then shedding them the reason why we can
really understand the complexity of the
microbes these days is that the cost of
sequencing DNA has dropped by a bit Oh
actually very drastically so the blue
line is the cost dropping of the
computer that’s why we have maybe 50
years ago the power of the smartphone’s
that you have would take a whole
building of computer but now it’s all in
your heads of course they are 30 the
computer in those days are much cleaner
but anyway the cost drop very much drop
very much now we can really sequence and
know about the microorganisms and
they’re not only around but they’re
associating with us very closely they
don’t they don’t leave so easily so
they’re they’re all over us actually no
matter where you look at your brain well
of course do you think your brain is
clean even though with some dirty
thoughts but but actually there’s new
clean but they created with many many
many bugs
there are bacterias you know bring the
bacterias that in your blood the
bacteria in the liver whether you find
you look things you can find them so
that we can reveal the bacteria because
for those that mix to the culture we can
still look at the DNA and then now we
start to understand them and that’s a
human body and if I asked you which part
of your body that you think there’s in
closest contact with the environment you
think well we missed my hand or maybe my
face or maybe well walk around I just
well of course we have shoes but
look around we get in touch of the
environment breathing does ravine
pollens and so on but I tell you it’s
not all these but rather that’s the tube
within yourself you have a very
long-term very much twisting the tip of
your gastro Andrew gastro intestinal
tract your gut starting with your mouth
going through it and then turn and turn
and turn and turn and then go out of the
other end and what you have there what
you have there are really another box
studying from your mouth and then go to
your stomach there’s quite a few bucks
not too many but then you go all the way
down to the colon actually you have so
many bucks so many that if they become
human then we we need to have a thousand
earths to host them so we have about 10
to live – 10 to 12 bucks in your colon
so many of them well but they’re not
there just as passengers they’re not
there just to live but they are taking
part of our health and disease so the
ten trillions of microbes in our gut
actually on every part of our body but
the most are in our gut they are
responsible they are connected and they
can help us to develop our neural
systems to help us to have immune
responses you see we we keep on feeding
all these foreign materials materials
from the environment into the gut a lot
more than the dust the soil or the
poland we feed in a lot of food so we
keep filling them and this force would
need to be monitored and this was up
also thoughts for the parks so we need
to control them we need to respond to
them so there comes the immune system we
have to develop our immune system and
the parks help us to develop a human in
the systems and and help us to monitor
the environmental impact and there are
also barriers to diseases and irregular
things like they help us to digest would
have make vitamins so when the box are
not happy or they just change the
composition change the profile there we
have a lot of problems and those are the
kinds that we see quite often today the
metabolic diseases obesity diabetes and
also the email diseases allergies
autoimmune diseases and all this because
we are not feeling we are not feeling
them right we give them too much sugar
we’ll give them too much fat we disturb
the compositions and let their disturbed
seems like they are fighting back but
actually is they’re not they just try to
live happily well we need to happily
together if they’re only the Box are
happy and we are not happy then that’s
too bad
so the box will develop from the baby
onwards and I’d like to tell you very
briefly that for baby to to develop them
the by opossums in their gut they need
to take that in from the mother and the
best way to take the Box for mother is
through natural birth so going through
the birth canal not c-sections and then
when the baby grows then the child is
taking solid food but before that they
have to rely on the mother’s milk
or the formula so for mother’s bill
they’re about three hundred different
kinds of box for the formula for the
best brand we have maybe you have to for
the rest none so there’s a very
important inoculation of the box from
mothers meal and also their
oligosaccharides polysaccharides from
the mother’s milk they’re actually are
the foods for the Box not the foods for
the baby so they develop the Box up to
about three years old there’s almost
fully developed
and that profile that composition will
be carry on for the rest of our lives so
starting from the child three years old
until eight years old three years old
determines what you can get at eight
years old it’s a Chinese saying about
that but when you treat a child actually
child scat infections all the time and
very easily get infected Express sorry
where they go to school or does your
nursery schools and if you give the
child antibiotics then that would be too
bad there were affect this disrupt the
profiles so I’d like to tell you what
experiment this experiment is using mice
dohsa germ-free bites that means they
were raised without any contact with any
bugs and they are germ-free they don’t
have any bugs so the way the experiment
goes by feeding the mice with the faeces
the stools of the fed mice and indeed
mice and then we’ll get from the fed
mice you have fat obese mice from the
obese box and then you have lean mice
with from the lean tongue ma and that
has been repeated with humans tools for
fat twin brother you get fat mice and
from from the lean twin brother you get
the in vice so what we propose to do is
to check your profile check your gut
microbiome profile and then decide ty
plans and with that we hope to help
people to maintain the health to help
people to lose the weight to help people
to do if their quality ceases so healthy
gut microbiomes give you healthy gut and
then you become a healthy person
so they’ll finish by saying that treat
your gut microbial microbes well and you
will feel swell
thank you [Applause]