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The future of cities | Prof.dr.ir. Arjan van Timmeren | TEDxAmsterdam


[Music]
hello everybody we’re living in an age
of growth urban growth tremendous urban
growth actually we’re living in an age
of exponential growth not only in urban
environments but also as potential
growth of their their needs energy waste
resources water a lot of things with
even of exponential growth of their
effects climate change and forth if you
look at cities you can look at them as a
spatial footprint but also of the space
they actually needs for to surface all
their needs it’s called the ecological
footprint and if you just look at at
Hong Kong for instance it needs two
thousand two hundred times its spatial
dimension to feed itself to wait to
treat its waste this is really
tremendous imagine and besides of that
it’s not any more like it was before
it’s not just the hinterland not just a
period of an area it’s all over the
world so we have an equity equity
problem there’s a global north and a
global south and you can see in this in
this world map which is drawn according
to the ecological footprint the global
north is far more thick and using far
more extra resources well this South
look at Africa actually some people call
it the third carbon age we’re in we are
using almost two times the amount of
resources our world our globe naturally
can replenish if you just look at this
image look at the bottom right the car
is just as a scale indication we are
harvesting our resources at tremendous
speeds more than ever you could say
we’re living in a linear Society we
produce we consume and we discard
sometimes we think we recycle but most
of the waste is still been incinerated
look at some of the biggest cities in
the world if you look at waste
production for instance it’s not very
surprising that North American cities or
London Paris Moscow
are the most wasteful well dacra or
lagos are the least wasteful but look at
the needs of these cities their needs
for resources then you see the other way
around the fastest-growing cities for
sure
like I’m sooo like Dell he like Karachi
they are neat of much materials so we
could wrap it up like Berlin in a crisis
urbanization isn’t a crisis so we should
actually try to find linear ways ways to
change the linear cities into circular
cities you all know about sustainability
and how to pouch it should be how we can
make them circular have a look at this
this is energy related everybody knows
that we have to go from natural gut from
natural gas from oil towards Sun and
wind right well actually if you look it
from another perspective if you add to
this materials this is the same graph
but I just added like materials you can
see that these sustainable alternatives
have much more use of rare metals so
it’s actually much more complex there’s
a need for systems thinking as we got it
so let’s go to Amsterdam you know this I
sign I am Saddam it’s going to be
removed within a couple of days really
only a few days it is removed because
the politicians think it’s a sign of
individuality well what can I become and
it’s become waste like this you might
not say but this is actually a kernel in
Amsterdam
so this water here just to be sure this
is the kennel after Kings day wants to
be thought a circular event a flea
market where people exchange goods and
make a circular thoughts secondhand but
actually our waste most of the times
ends up through incineration in the air
we breathe in a fertile soil we grow our
food in and in the big blue ocean the
ocean sink this image went viral this
summer it’s a beautiful picture you
would say no it’s of course a harsh
reality millions of creatures actually
are affected or die according to this
wasteful Society
so there is this need to us to go to a
circular economy and this is not
something new this already exists for 10
years for a decade exactly a decade ago
the Ellen MacArthur Foundation showed us
how it could be arranged with either and
biological loop or a technical loop and
by cascading in quality but it’s not
that easy there’s been a lot of nice
concepts nice projects realized but
cities are double complex system systems
they’re not only complex because of
their different flows energy water food
also people but also because people as
another system are malleable people
don’t always act as they shoot this
double complexity makes it much more
difficult than we often think to change
this linear society into a circular one
nevertheless we should get great grabs
on it and we should try to understand
the city as an organism we speak of it
as an urban metabolism with incoming
flows and outgoing flows and you would
like to really close them but there’s so
many how so how should we do that we
have new technologies which help us
sense the city and this sensing on the
one hand this is technical sensing just
how much comes in and how much goes out
but there’s much more than that there’s
also a lot of other data provided which
we don’t use like we should use it for
instance related to waste what would you
think how much materials are in this
building how much materials are in your
clothes have a thought
I think the urban mine will be our
future mine all that surrounds us will
become our future so what we did at a
math Institute and tell you delve in a
project for European community we
developed a tool which actually really
real-time makes visible location-based
where each of all these material flows
are occurring and we can do so because
actually companies
who treat waste companies who produce
waste companies who transport waste are
obliged to make a report of that
activity but up so far this reports were
this data is a huge amount of data was
only used by the government to control
to secure to avoid illegal dumping
nothing more but if you look at them as
a resource there’s much more to be
gained look at this image everything
goes to the I bay incinerator you saw
before the the footage so have a look at
this tool so we’ll really make it real
time you can see in this example I chose
one flow it’s a food flow and we have a
look at this bakery in Harlem in the
municipality of Harlem within the
amsterdam metropolitan area and their
waste which is bread crumbs you might
say we’re at crumbs this is so minor
well actually this is a bakery that
bakes the bread for a supermarket chain
for needle so it is a huge amount of
bread crumbs have a look at the other
side of the metropolitan area in the
orange line you can see there’s a
brewery brewery it a you all know it
perhaps nice beers actually you can
connect these two only if you know which
flows occur and how to connect them so
you have a nice flow the breadcrumbs
come in in this brewery process to make
beer but in the same time the beer of
course has yeast which helps baking
bread it’s just an example a very tiny
example of money many of those flows now
you would say that’s great
but of course it’s not that easy I
showed you a circle but it is not by
definition said that this circle is more
sustainable so we should assess it in a
very scientific way that’s my work and
so not only assess it environmental
they’re also economical and social
effects multi size so it can be very
local it can be very global and also
multi scale impacts this is a so-called
lifecycle assessment and only by having
a positive outcome for these examples
like I showed you just then you can find
all these actors based on the data sets
and try to connect them and really scale
up from let’s say small small-scale
concepts of circularity to a society
based on circularity and it could look
like this there’s many different
concepts which you connect so now let’s
get back to this this one example I
started with I am stir damn sign of
individuality well let me show this is
the other cycle of Delhi MacArthur
Foundation in the one hand you had two
biological cycle the other one the
technical cycle this sign is mostly made
out of plastics what should we do with
it you could say well first of all we
should have refused that waste was
created well it’s as being passed
because it has been decided perhaps
reduce well sign has been made already
so we cannot reduce the amount of
material used the third step in a
strategy would be reused well I’m not
sure if it will have second another
place somewhere in Amsterdam it would be
a nice order use and then only then
comes in recycle and I would like to
forget about rot that’s the last step
let’s focus on recycle at AMS Institute
we have had a look at all kinds of
plastic waste for instances I am Saddam
sign as a plastic resource we call this
[Music]
[Applause]
so here I am on the bench just an
example actually this bench I just
showed you how it was made for a hundred
percent of our waste Amsterdam waste
this is real Amsterdam waste actually
it’s from one Amsterdam or one year and
a half of waste this bench
imagine all the Amsterdam is one year
how many how many benches we could make
for the public from the individual sign
to a communal public sign and you can
actually do it seven times over again so
if it breaks seven times I can do this
is printing actually it’s not a setup
but last week our King you can see him
here he tried this bench this is a nice
place to sit he loved it as you can see
because actually this is a row a sweep
kind of bench but we can make all kinds
of furniture you can make bike racks you
can make a tree planter think of a bus
stop make your own city print your city
as we say based on waste I think it’s
just a small example besides the food
example this technical example of waste
of plastic I think what we could do is
think in a different mode and once we
can and let’s say make available inform
you all within this kind of waste like I
showed you with the tool you can find
your own future in all that surrounds us
because I think our future is the
material source the mine
we are surrounding us and then we can
come into a prosperous City sustainable
resilient and just thank you [Applause]
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