[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
hello everyone my name is Taeyang Kim
from Seoul National University and today
I will talk about sweat based glucose
sensing and transformer drug delivery
let me first briefly introduce diabetes
diabetes is caused by high glucose
concentration in the blood which is
called as hyperglycemia that high
glucose concentration causes chronic
diseases such as cardiovascular diseases
stroke numbness kidney problems
therefore it is very important to
decrease that high glucose concentration
by using appropriate medication such as
insulin or metformin however if that
medication is too much then too low
glucose concentration which is called as
hypoglycemia can happen and this
hypoglycemia can lead to tragic research
such as shock or death therefore it is
very important to prevent pause
hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia while
maintaining the glucose level near
homeostatic level and to achieve that
goal patients typically use blood based
glucose sensing patients use finger
pricking method to collect blood sample
and put that blood sample on that is
positive strip and insert that
disposable strip into the hardware to
electrochemically analyze the blood
sample and estimate the blood glucose
concentration after finding out the
blood glucose concentration the patient
can take medication such as an insulin
shot but as you may expect these two
procedures
are quite painful and stressful and
there are a lot of children who are
suffering from type 1 diabetes and those
young patients have a lot of fear in
doing these two procedures therefore
there is a huge need to develop a
painless stress-free and accurate
glucose monitoring method
hopefully integrated with automatic
painless drug delivery system and we
wanted to achieve this goal by using our
wearable device technology to remove
that blood collection procedure we
focused on sweat the good news is that
sweat contains glucose and the sweat
glucose concentration has a quite good
correlation with blood glucose
concentration however there are
challenges the first challenge is
insensitivity the sweat glucose
concentration is much lower almost
hundred times lower than the blood
glucose concentration which means we
need very good sensor with high
sensitivity and we solved this issue
with nanotechnology the second challenge
is in accuracy most of glucose sensors
are using glucose oxidase a so glucose
sensors approaches to glucose oxidase
then the glucose molecules will be
converted into kulkarni acid and
hydrogen peroxide in turn electrons will
be generated and the glucose sensor is
measuring these
generated electrons so for example if
the glucose concentration is high then
high current will flow in the glucose
sensor if the glucose concentration in
the blood stream is low then the small
current will flow in the glucose sensor
very straightforward
the problem is that the glucose oxidase
a an enzyme also a very important factor
in the glucose sensing will be affected
by environmental factors such as sweat
pH temperature and even humidity
therefore to enhance accuracy we need
very good glucose sensor as well as
humidity sensor pH sensor and
temperature sensor hopefully as a form
of an integrated to the system the third
challenge is India for mobility we need
to collect sweat efficiently and also
analyze sweat accurately to estimate the
glucose concentration without an error
on softer skin so the ideal form of the
device is like a patch so patch like
device can be attached on the skin
efficiently collected sweat on a light
sweat accurately that means that we need
novel device technology such as flexible
and stretchable device technology the
last challenge is in fast but painless
drug delivery we need to deliver drug to
control high glucose concentration but
that should be fast and painless
we want to deliver drug rapidly because
blood glucose concentration can be
changed very rapidly within an hour it
can be increased a lot or decreased a
lot and insulin shot is a very good
method to deliver insulin rapidly but it
is painful instead we may use a
transformer drop to the body patch it is
painless however it is slow so to solve
this issue
we chose transdermal drug delivery
and to solve these challenges and to
achieve these goals we developed a new
integrated Paget system we could achieve
high sensitivity by using nano particles
each nano particle has a tiny size
however if we combine all surface areas
of nano particles then the entire
surface area will be massive which will
maximize the sensitivity of the glucose
sensor for deformable sensors we used
graphene graphene is ultra thin highly
conductive soft and even stretchy we can
easily make graphene into various kinds
of sensors in an array phone and the
integrated sensor array based on
graphene after attached on the skin it
maintains very good performance even
under wrinkled state to enhance accuracy
we used multiple different kinds of
sensors we use of course glucose sensor
as well as pH sensor temperature sensor
humidity sensor even strain gauge to
maximize the accuracy after figuring out
the exact glucose concentration we need
to control the high glucose
concentration by delivering appropriate
amount of drug painlessly and rapidly
and to achieve that goal we used micro
needles and to control the drug delivery
through micro needles we used ultra-thin
heater underneath the microneedle patch
the patch system is connected to a
portable electrochemical analyzer which
has a LCD touch interface it supplies
power to the patch also it collects data
and wirelessly transfer the data to
users smartphone when the patch is
laminated on the skin so at
we’ll be generated at first to tell is a
warmer period as such at some point the
sweat begins to be generated and the
humidity sensor monitors the sweat
generation process and when the relative
humidity inside the patch reaches 80
percent we begin the measurement by
using other sensors we measure glucose
as well as pH and temperature
simultaneously is because glucose
oxidase a an enzyme can be affected by
environment vectors like sweat pH and
temperature for example these two graphs
show calibration curves of glucose
sensors as I mentioned the glucose
sensor is measuring current so by
measuring current we can estimate
glucose concentration the problem is
that the calibration curve can be
changed depending on the sweat pH and
temperature so only when we measure
glucose simultaneously with sweat pH and
temperature we can enhance the accuracy
of the glucose measurement we apply to
this patch system to human subject we
monitored glucose concentration change
over a day from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. in
this graph there are three data sets the
blue data set corresponds to blood
glucose concentration measured by a
commercial glucose meter there are two
red data sets which correspond to sweat
to the cause concentrations one measured
by Oracle cause diabetes patch the other
measured by commercial glucose dancing
and as you can see these two red color
codes concentrations mesh very well and
more importantly the changing trend of
blood glucose concentration matches very
well with the changing trend of sweat
glucose concentration for example after
after breakfast after lunch after dinner
the glucose concentration rapidly
increases as time goes the glucose
concentration slowly decreases and more
recently we developed a disposable type
sweat paste the Calico sensing stream
the advantage of this design is that we
can miniaturize the sensor size which
means we can minimize the required
amount of sweat which will shorten the
sweat generation time and which will
accelerate the overall measurement
process this movie shows how the
wearable patch and disposal strip work
for sweat based glucose sensing the
patch can be attached on the skin
typically we add additional
encapsulation film to prevent unwanted
evaporation of generated sweat we
typically use exercise to generate the
sweat such as cycling jogging or running
and humidity sensor monitors the sweat
generation process and in case of
disposable strip there is a microfluidic
channel
which can uptake the generated sweat
through the microfluidic channel
miniaturized sensors will analyze the
sweat to estimate glucose concentration
as well as pH and temperature after
finding out the accurate glucose
concentration we can control the high
glucose concentration by delivering
drugs and we used micro needles micro
needle is a kind of needle so the drug
injection speed is very fast but the
scale the size of needle is in micro
scale the height is 700 micron the width
is only 150 micron so even after it is
attached on the skin it is painless
the micro needle is made of
biodegradable polymer mixed with drugs
so when the micro needles are contacted
with bio filiz such as interstitial
fluid in the skin then the micro needles
will be dissolved away and the drugs
mixed in the micro needle will be
injected into the bloodstream but to
control the struck delivery we
intentionally coated the surface of the
micro needle with hydrophobic protective
coating layer so in normal condition the
needle will not be deserted
however if we turn on the heater
underneath the micro needles because of
the timer actuation the hydrophobic
coating layer can be melt away then the
micro needles will be exposed to the
interstitial fluid when the micro
needles are contacted with interstitial
fluid in the skin then the needles will
be dissolved and the drugs contained in
the micro needles will be rapidly
injected into the bloodstream we tested
this transdermal patch by using a
diabetic mouse we first shaved the fur
and then attach the microneedle patch on
the belly when we observe the second
surface of the belly we could observe
quite good horse micro pores of course
made by the micro needles and when we
turned on the Tomer actuator because of
a thumb actuation the protective coating
layer could be melt away then the micro
needles will be contacted with
interstitial fluid inside the skin so
the needles will be deserved and the
drugs contained in the needles will be
rapidly injected into the bloodstream so
we could successfully decrease the blood
glucose concentration so in conclusion
we wanted to help diabetic patients
therefore we developed a painless
stress-free and autonomic close the
glucose management system by using our
wearable device technology thank you for
your attention [Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
hello everyone my name is Taeyang Kim
from Seoul National University and today
I will talk about sweat based glucose
sensing and transformer drug delivery
let me first briefly introduce diabetes
diabetes is caused by high glucose
concentration in the blood which is
called as hyperglycemia that high
glucose concentration causes chronic
diseases such as cardiovascular diseases
stroke numbness kidney problems
therefore it is very important to
decrease that high glucose concentration
by using appropriate medication such as
insulin or metformin however if that
medication is too much then too low
glucose concentration which is called as
hypoglycemia can happen and this
hypoglycemia can lead to tragic research
such as shock or death therefore it is
very important to prevent pause
hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia while
maintaining the glucose level near
homeostatic level and to achieve that
goal patients typically use blood based
glucose sensing patients use finger
pricking method to collect blood sample
and put that blood sample on that is
positive strip and insert that
disposable strip into the hardware to
electrochemically analyze the blood
sample and estimate the blood glucose
concentration after finding out the
blood glucose concentration the patient
can take medication such as an insulin
shot but as you may expect these two
procedures
are quite painful and stressful and
there are a lot of children who are
suffering from type 1 diabetes and those
young patients have a lot of fear in
doing these two procedures therefore
there is a huge need to develop a
painless stress-free and accurate
glucose monitoring method
hopefully integrated with automatic
painless drug delivery system and we
wanted to achieve this goal by using our
wearable device technology to remove
that blood collection procedure we
focused on sweat the good news is that
sweat contains glucose and the sweat
glucose concentration has a quite good
correlation with blood glucose
concentration however there are
challenges the first challenge is
insensitivity the sweat glucose
concentration is much lower almost
hundred times lower than the blood
glucose concentration which means we
need very good sensor with high
sensitivity and we solved this issue
with nanotechnology the second challenge
is in accuracy most of glucose sensors
are using glucose oxidase a so glucose
sensors approaches to glucose oxidase
then the glucose molecules will be
converted into kulkarni acid and
hydrogen peroxide in turn electrons will
be generated and the glucose sensor is
measuring these
generated electrons so for example if
the glucose concentration is high then
high current will flow in the glucose
sensor if the glucose concentration in
the blood stream is low then the small
current will flow in the glucose sensor
very straightforward
the problem is that the glucose oxidase
a an enzyme also a very important factor
in the glucose sensing will be affected
by environmental factors such as sweat
pH temperature and even humidity
therefore to enhance accuracy we need
very good glucose sensor as well as
humidity sensor pH sensor and
temperature sensor hopefully as a form
of an integrated to the system the third
challenge is India for mobility we need
to collect sweat efficiently and also
analyze sweat accurately to estimate the
glucose concentration without an error
on softer skin so the ideal form of the
device is like a patch so patch like
device can be attached on the skin
efficiently collected sweat on a light
sweat accurately that means that we need
novel device technology such as flexible
and stretchable device technology the
last challenge is in fast but painless
drug delivery we need to deliver drug to
control high glucose concentration but
that should be fast and painless
we want to deliver drug rapidly because
blood glucose concentration can be
changed very rapidly within an hour it
can be increased a lot or decreased a
lot and insulin shot is a very good
method to deliver insulin rapidly but it
is painful instead we may use a
transformer drop to the body patch it is
painless however it is slow so to solve
this issue
we chose transdermal drug delivery
and to solve these challenges and to
achieve these goals we developed a new
integrated Paget system we could achieve
high sensitivity by using nano particles
each nano particle has a tiny size
however if we combine all surface areas
of nano particles then the entire
surface area will be massive which will
maximize the sensitivity of the glucose
sensor for deformable sensors we used
graphene graphene is ultra thin highly
conductive soft and even stretchy we can
easily make graphene into various kinds
of sensors in an array phone and the
integrated sensor array based on
graphene after attached on the skin it
maintains very good performance even
under wrinkled state to enhance accuracy
we used multiple different kinds of
sensors we use of course glucose sensor
as well as pH sensor temperature sensor
humidity sensor even strain gauge to
maximize the accuracy after figuring out
the exact glucose concentration we need
to control the high glucose
concentration by delivering appropriate
amount of drug painlessly and rapidly
and to achieve that goal we used micro
needles and to control the drug delivery
through micro needles we used ultra-thin
heater underneath the microneedle patch
the patch system is connected to a
portable electrochemical analyzer which
has a LCD touch interface it supplies
power to the patch also it collects data
and wirelessly transfer the data to
users smartphone when the patch is
laminated on the skin so at
we’ll be generated at first to tell is a
warmer period as such at some point the
sweat begins to be generated and the
humidity sensor monitors the sweat
generation process and when the relative
humidity inside the patch reaches 80
percent we begin the measurement by
using other sensors we measure glucose
as well as pH and temperature
simultaneously is because glucose
oxidase a an enzyme can be affected by
environment vectors like sweat pH and
temperature for example these two graphs
show calibration curves of glucose
sensors as I mentioned the glucose
sensor is measuring current so by
measuring current we can estimate
glucose concentration the problem is
that the calibration curve can be
changed depending on the sweat pH and
temperature so only when we measure
glucose simultaneously with sweat pH and
temperature we can enhance the accuracy
of the glucose measurement we apply to
this patch system to human subject we
monitored glucose concentration change
over a day from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. in
this graph there are three data sets the
blue data set corresponds to blood
glucose concentration measured by a
commercial glucose meter there are two
red data sets which correspond to sweat
to the cause concentrations one measured
by Oracle cause diabetes patch the other
measured by commercial glucose dancing
and as you can see these two red color
codes concentrations mesh very well and
more importantly the changing trend of
blood glucose concentration matches very
well with the changing trend of sweat
glucose concentration for example after
after breakfast after lunch after dinner
the glucose concentration rapidly
increases as time goes the glucose
concentration slowly decreases and more
recently we developed a disposable type
sweat paste the Calico sensing stream
the advantage of this design is that we
can miniaturize the sensor size which
means we can minimize the required
amount of sweat which will shorten the
sweat generation time and which will
accelerate the overall measurement
process this movie shows how the
wearable patch and disposal strip work
for sweat based glucose sensing the
patch can be attached on the skin
typically we add additional
encapsulation film to prevent unwanted
evaporation of generated sweat we
typically use exercise to generate the
sweat such as cycling jogging or running
and humidity sensor monitors the sweat
generation process and in case of
disposable strip there is a microfluidic
channel
which can uptake the generated sweat
through the microfluidic channel
miniaturized sensors will analyze the
sweat to estimate glucose concentration
as well as pH and temperature after
finding out the accurate glucose
concentration we can control the high
glucose concentration by delivering
drugs and we used micro needles micro
needle is a kind of needle so the drug
injection speed is very fast but the
scale the size of needle is in micro
scale the height is 700 micron the width
is only 150 micron so even after it is
attached on the skin it is painless
the micro needle is made of
biodegradable polymer mixed with drugs
so when the micro needles are contacted
with bio filiz such as interstitial
fluid in the skin then the micro needles
will be dissolved away and the drugs
mixed in the micro needle will be
injected into the bloodstream but to
control the struck delivery we
intentionally coated the surface of the
micro needle with hydrophobic protective
coating layer so in normal condition the
needle will not be deserted
however if we turn on the heater
underneath the micro needles because of
the timer actuation the hydrophobic
coating layer can be melt away then the
micro needles will be exposed to the
interstitial fluid when the micro
needles are contacted with interstitial
fluid in the skin then the needles will
be dissolved and the drugs contained in
the micro needles will be rapidly
injected into the bloodstream we tested
this transdermal patch by using a
diabetic mouse we first shaved the fur
and then attach the microneedle patch on
the belly when we observe the second
surface of the belly we could observe
quite good horse micro pores of course
made by the micro needles and when we
turned on the Tomer actuator because of
a thumb actuation the protective coating
layer could be melt away then the micro
needles will be contacted with
interstitial fluid inside the skin so
the needles will be deserved and the
drugs contained in the needles will be
rapidly injected into the bloodstream so
we could successfully decrease the blood
glucose concentration so in conclusion
we wanted to help diabetic patients
therefore we developed a painless
stress-free and autonomic close the
glucose management system by using our
wearable device technology thank you for
your attention [Applause]
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