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Sortir de la zone de confort scientifique | Franck Zal | TEDxUniversitéLyon3


do you have any regrets today then
all these metaphysical questions
we get the ideas touch break and we get
will usually file all around 40 years
so why was asked down because
that’s life
the man is a worried animal and
unsatisfied by nature so in order
to address these issues I very much want
to tell you a story but I will
you do not count any
story I want to count my story
so is in fact me I’ve always been
interested in marine biology i
been passionate about fed up biology and
I met the commandant cousteau
who told me that if you want to do the
marine biology it must be embarked on
oceanographic boats what I have
did I sailed on most
oceans is plunged into the abyss with
his underwater you see here
the nautilus alvin to go to study
animals that live in areas
extreme that we will find 3000
meters of bottom in the oceans and then
in 99
I was lucky enough to be recruited at
which I passed I passed
fifteen years at the cnrs so roscoff in
Britain
I was lucky to have the medal of
cnrs bronze for all of my
works
and it allowed me to satisfy my
thirst for knowledge and to bring
new titles actually to chapters
of life sciences and I learned in
done on my way that eventually we
was able in fact it was possible
to guide his destiny then certainly on
this way it can happen a lot of
things
and finally we are able to
trace your route
and then finally to realize his dreams
but we know where we all go
go to the end of this path at
twilight of our life we’ll all go there
sorry to break the mood has actually the
life is a way it is a passage
between alpha and omega and that if you
really realize that life
is a succession of comfort zones
believe me you will not be afraid of
realize your dreams
and so me there are animals that have me
extremely interested these are
organisms that we will find on the
beach so I’m sure you have
all saw his footsteps while strolling on
beaches in Brittany below there are
a glass that is called art and
nicole harry nicolas marina sever also
it is called the bus of the great breton and
then there are some who use it for the
fishing we discussed earlier I
I was interested in this animal why
to try to understand how this
worm colonize the swing area
tides researcher at the cnrs why this
worm colonize the swing area
tides and so finally this worm he
is interesting since this worm he at 450
millions of years
it’s been 450 million years since this worm
life between high tide and tide
low
just as an example the man our
ancestor Australopithecus it has only three
millions of years
and then I was interested in this
body to try to understand
I was just at the cnrs
how does this worm breathe between the tide
high and low tide and so for that
I was interested in the center this
animal is actually all of you here we have
all blood we all have globules
red and we all have a blood typing in
does the transport of oxygen is done
by a protein that is inside
of this red blood cells that will fix
reversible the mans the oxygen and
finally by studying the breathing of
this marine worm to try to understand
how they breathed between the tide
high and low tide
I came across this molecule then
this molecule has extremely
interesting since here we found
the ancestor of our red blood cells actually
originally this worm did not have any
red blood cells actually we had no
no red blood cells
and then we actually evolved into a
molecule that knows encapsulated as and when
measure of evolution this molecule is
extremely interesting why because
what do you see an extracellular molecule
which can bind 40 times more oxygen that
can be related to phillies and so
today we can make sense in
powder but especially that there is no
blood typing is therefore today in
what did I do when I
found this molecule the first of
things I did it I left
actually transfused animals from
laboratory
oh yes it exists then I found there
I actually found a laboratory that
allowed me to help test the hypothesis
in fact to use this molecule as
universe oxygen carriers
it bothers and lab animals
transfused jeans actually this molecule
is that it is perceived and lived in fact
all animals could live with
the hemoglobin of marine worms and so that
it completely changed my life
since I went from cnrs to
validation of this of this molecule
In a company
and finally it’s this job this
research work could have remained of it
there but why because everything
just when you’re at the cnrs
our job is really publishing in
does scientific articles and here
you have an example that is extremely
interesting it’s the albert nobel price
fert tki got the nobel prize in 2007 for
his work on magnetoresistance
giant what is it actually is
the trial which allows first of all
put hard drives in most
computers in the mp3s in the
iphone and you have peter greenberg who
also had the Nobel Prize the same year
he was a german and finally albert
certainly published his results
peter greenberg will also publish its
results but beforehand he protected
these results and so today
peter gumbel to royalties on each
hard drive that are on our computers
and in addition it participates done
economic development of his country
since finally Germany benefits
in fact of this major innovation and
so I decide to leave the cnrs in
2007 to actually create to develop
this this molecule towards
medical applications and finally I
become a bit of the black sheep of the
research because you know when we
is at the cnrs have done only the
fundamental research and he’s out of
question that we are going to value in
did the research work since in
do you have access to the industry
and it’s very very negative so I
swapped the white coat against a
suit I left the other side in
does entrepreneurship is
unfortunately in 2007 I do not know if
you remember 2007 it was the crisis
subprime and I was told but you
do not leave the cnrs because in fact
kill officials and those box but
you are civil servants you have a job at
vis you ‘re not going to take the risk of
create a business
well I actually decide to spend the
not to create my business is
finally 2007 there was also a
presidential election and there is a law
who went through that called the
tepa law the tepa law allows for
particulars of a
invest directly in capital
of a company and and marina is the
first company actually who is saved
by this law passes tax laws and
so in fact on this path I learned
that finally there are often signs
there are often signs it just takes
know how to look at them and the tepa law in
was one but there were other signs
on the on the way of the marinas and
today maria is a society that
believes in a pretty incredible way and
all thanks to a little marine worm that
is called art and nicole then
today obviously he was
for me out of the question of default
is not all the beaches of Brittany
to go sting all the verbs of the
beach to make products
therapeutics so today we have
open farms farms
of aquaculture one capable of raising our
sea ​​glasses in the conditions
completely traced is controlled
to extract modes and molecules in
pharmaceutical condition and to make
therapeutic products and
today and even arena in the process of
revolutionize whole areas of the
medicine
why because we found a
oxygen carriers universal and
just to convince you that this
molecule has a major interest we will do
a little exercise try to stop
to breathe for a minute
not you breathe edge
exercise you’re actually convinced yes
because in fact the molecule there l
oxygen in fact it’s really it’s
hemoglobin and oxygen that’s
really at the center of life actually
all metabolic processes
physiological need oxygen so
we created this farm we extracted our
molecules and today with this
molecule we do a lot of things we
develops this molecule for
applications in transplantation
of organs in blood transfusion
in scarring for them for the
wounds of the diabetic but I you
spoke specifically about this
application in the in the
organ transplantation
some figures today the
organ transplantation it’s really
a major public health problem he
there are more than 26000 people on the list
waiting for a graft and
on this list of attempted about 500
people who die every year
because today
do you imagine that we throw 50% of
because we do not have time to
transplant them the idea we had
it was exactly to reproduce what
was happening on the beach
the question I answered in
done when I was at the cnrs and how the
greens breathe between high tide and
low tide is simply going to
green does not breathe at low tide
they fix these oxygen molecules in
done on globine and it stays for
six hours in completely actually without
to breathe the idea was to reproduce
exactly what was happening on the
beach this is called the
biomimicry is actually putting these
molecules in its solutions of
preservation grafts we are able to
multiply by 4 or 5 the time of
conservation of a heart we are able
to go from 12 hours to a week
to keep a kidney is today
the surgeons are delighted because we are going
able to program and save and
schedule transplants
of organs and especially to save his organs
actually two to give his organs
in fact in the list of expectations
so obviously a society like
and marina it’s not a long river
quiet because you have good
understood in my topo that there is actually
still some mistrust to value
these research works
as if to be a good researcher he
had to be completely refused stubbornly
to discuss with the world of industry
and yet it’s big
scientists of a great scientist
such as louis pastor who said there
not on one side the search
fundamental and the other the research
and applications of research
applied to research and
applications of it united one to
the other as the fruit of the tree is
united to the branch that wore him
also had understood well as leonard
of vinci that one had to look towards the
nature to find innovations
major for humanity thank you for your
Warning
[Applause]
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