to
[Applause]
the truth that I have for me is my
favorite genre not only because it is my
birthday but because I have the
opportunity and the honor to meet the
Bolivia best students in each
January through the program
we call science clubs
There I met the known lina
leonardo but I am missing me too
I met officers and many others
students who are here
auditorium could raise your hand
rather your kid have left the
science club this past January and had
the opportunity to meet a
student coming a little
shameful the last day and tells me
we want to imitate this event in
onsa give nothing says I want
invite for you to come is the
second knew what that if or whether to
come
no matter what the day to meet the
law and and good but I have to be
another thing
I want you to give us a talk not
They change your mind you will change the
difficult minds but I can talk about
what we have done to change the
hence brain to change the mind
but still I know where we are but
I think you will tell me at the end of
Talk today then the brain
me is really fascinating all
mornings I wake up thinking I to cede the
half is in the brain
86 million neurons and a number
connections form this body and
truth keeps me enthralled me not
only to me we are 30,000 euros
active scientists and telling us
We dedicated to studying the brain and up
when we know very little about him but
this question you many kinds of
neurons form these successes
different types of neuron
how to recognize each other as
circuit form as so precise that
They are as necessary to make bread tango
more in which you think about it within the
brain are your feelings
his thought his idea your memory
the voice of your mother first time this
it is stored inside this body
we spend very little and well I think
everything is well know that this
but it is a neuron neuron
dogmatically they have told us they are
the most immutable body cells
once generated are kept in the
entity for the rest of your life
this identity does not change the fact very
While much of neurology and
modern neuroscience is based on
that solution the solution in the dogma
that the neuron does not change but
What if it takes it is incorrect
What if we are now in the
moment where we can change it now
we can start thinking about building
Colds circuits and neurons and receive
Ideas
These are some of the types of
questions that I do daily and has
I already started answering me go
I am particularly interested in the part of
the cerebral cortex to close the part
outermost brain are here
and it is responsible for many of the
functions that make us so very human
creativity fine movement speaks
communication
If we start thinking it is real and
really show the best part
our brain thus 80%
our brain and consumes 20
our daily energy percent
then as a human we have learned to
keep this part of the brain without no
It is no surprise to anyone that
damage to this part of the brain are
They are causing many diseases
neurological and developmental
We are used to hearing
Autism Network schizophrenia syndrome
lateral sclerosis and iu on orders
bipolarity among others
but if we move to the cortex
cerebral
we can see these are one of the few
types of neurons that exist within the
brain death
sign up small exam at the end
but it was there a great big
diversity which speaks enough of
the complexity and the need for it
complex this body and I will not
bore with full diversity but
I want to draw attention to my type
neuron favorite
these are the cortical neurons
end receive their name because
connect the cerebral cortex with the
spinal cord
that is , they are the largest cells
our body to connect from the
tip your head to the part
below our spinal cord
imagine the size is to make
I love every day I love
look at this type of neuron lot of work
and another team has discovered how
form this neuron
we have discovered for example
There weave more than these
He makes it a master conductor
when we are in our the
our mom tummy development
embryological receiver turns around
few neuronal progenitor and
does become cortical neurons
end functions as a master
ceremonies or as a conductor
He tells you you do this you’re going to
do this touches do this is what
we do what we’ve discovered
these two functions as a
discomfort and runs until the first
endogenous and saying these are the
properties are orona
and will see and be connected
with so it will then communicate ok
2 species so far the only
known gene is not more nervous
Central mammal fulfills this
no other function gene to
the time has been found to be
equivalent to its interesting precepts
It is that not only promotes
but final action narcotics
I have also seen the creation of other
neuron then became a
essential tool for us to
investigate whether the dogma that we had
taught that the identity of the
neurons was immutable was so true
as we thought then that it was the
experiment was quite simple
Let’s place these in other
neuron
we decided on this place
type heat these neurons
erroneous connecting the two
hemispheres of the brain are well
to connect a different place
completely different and are
different then it would not give a
fairly simple test to see what
passing
Now we need to develop this
enter an animal to a mouse and
We develop surgery but not
We develop not invent us
but we use a surgery
called electroporation new but this did
specifically allows access this
type of neuron
during embryological development
pass
we do brain surgery
in a mouse so that what we do is
you almost get the baby
We operate the brain as you can see there
we inject these thread
he spent a few touches and hints
electrical termination to be absorbed
and all turn to get between your
Mom and wait for new born
267 pesos during development
embryological and this is what we
what we begin to see the
neuron began to change its shape
before and looked round pippa yyy
They began to be much larger
more clearly changed elongada
suffolk started to change genes
expressing started to change their
personal stamp in a sense not
They are safe surprise in companies
281 others as they begin projects
now to pay those channels and start
say we are cortical neurons
end connect with the bone
spinal
They began to change
how well is how they communicated
He reported in honor of Carlos increasingly
you of a spear a line
Vertical is a communication of that
neuron and how they can see started
eat communicate much more
Quickly and most interesting
changed to where connects its
actions but what came next was
most impressive
We start counting how has
practically analyze how
behaved circuit around
win and the truth that took me
I work sit here counting
a few hours to Osasuna
Programs can see that they are well
different
They are physically different and I started
literally count each contact
Synaptic that this cell received no
It is a simple job but we
and what we saw with the following
rest of the circuit began to change and
He began to integrate these neurons
if they were neuron endogenously
Gantry end ie the circuit
recognized as such he integrated it as such
but more importantly the circuit
change
Then we went beyond just
show that we can change neuron
say ok
the microenvironment since this morning
You can also change miss the
cells around it
Now this if we did not famous
This was a big surprise for me
it calls me and tells me get up look
edu pages rebounded and
cover was our work and
us was
November 5, 2015 was the best day of
my life because it is literally me
I raised that surprise and a little
champagne but then he taught us
He taught us to dream to dream that maybe
the two we had learned not
They were necessarily written in stone
but maybe now we begin to have
technology to start network
ask the question that had not
we have today could answer the
we discovered technology that makes it
they then have the technology
there is now at our disposal
and so we could contact you started it
dream to see what would happen in how
then we change the brain
as I said we did a brain
an embryo can change the brain
adult because they begin to try
using for example reprogramming
as a method of curing the disease
I when my mom tells me when I was
good boy 34 years we wrote in santa
Ana de Yacuma said he wanted to be
Neurosurgeons not know even know
and neurosurgeons but neither
I think my mother figured it was
but this is certainly enough
about this but I think we live in
very exciting times because there
We can only change
We have learned different recipes
cell types can now by
example take but skin and
convert the neuron can take
skin cells and make
cardiomyocytes said cells
heart but we can also take
skin cells and make them
stem cells is the equivalent mother
the first cells that we are
before we have become
our whole body and such
cells can draw all all
body cells
if we know the recipe recently a
years an even greater discovery
not only we could create cell
two dimensions but we could
creating organ ie mini mini mini
and mini organs
where three or four millimeters but
example was body and brain to
it left the skin of a patient
become a mini mini brain
that patient
now is not exactly the same
but it has no brains in Europe and
now they have a yours
ie within weeks
we can go from a piece of skin
have hundreds of these bodies
in the incubator ready to analyze
to understand the brain
In fact , these bodies have been
essential to understand how the CICA
It affects the human brain
we can not inject women
pregnant with her daughter because they do not
put music to this body and thanks
this other team discovered
example the gene using appointment
get called sax and
He discovered that places mishina blocks
the entrance of this organ music and
unless the cells of interest
then I think we’ll get the
day where we will have even more power
we will have power to try to study
diseases in this body and again
through reprogramming why
is for example not start taking strokes
skin of people with autism or
schizophrenia , bipolar disorder and began
say it is different in the brain
brain and try this case and I
we are very close to that day because
because we have already started and we
the first body and from the patient
sick already in the incubator and
We’re starting to do that now no
only a few patients
of thousands of patients at some point
You will come a time where we will
begin to understand how these types of
neurons are created as the circuit
so that goes wrong in this
circuit in case of illness and what
we can then use
methods as reprogramming or
transplant these neurons again
are your neurons to treat
diseases
then I think it’s time that
We forgive rethink questions
specific basic biology
I think it’s time to Monterrey
think of the brain thanks
[Applause]
[Applause]
the truth that I have for me is my
favorite genre not only because it is my
birthday but because I have the
opportunity and the honor to meet the
Bolivia best students in each
January through the program
we call science clubs
There I met the known lina
leonardo but I am missing me too
I met officers and many others
students who are here
auditorium could raise your hand
rather your kid have left the
science club this past January and had
the opportunity to meet a
student coming a little
shameful the last day and tells me
we want to imitate this event in
onsa give nothing says I want
invite for you to come is the
second knew what that if or whether to
come
no matter what the day to meet the
law and and good but I have to be
another thing
I want you to give us a talk not
They change your mind you will change the
difficult minds but I can talk about
what we have done to change the
hence brain to change the mind
but still I know where we are but
I think you will tell me at the end of
Talk today then the brain
me is really fascinating all
mornings I wake up thinking I to cede the
half is in the brain
86 million neurons and a number
connections form this body and
truth keeps me enthralled me not
only to me we are 30,000 euros
active scientists and telling us
We dedicated to studying the brain and up
when we know very little about him but
this question you many kinds of
neurons form these successes
different types of neuron
how to recognize each other as
circuit form as so precise that
They are as necessary to make bread tango
more in which you think about it within the
brain are your feelings
his thought his idea your memory
the voice of your mother first time this
it is stored inside this body
we spend very little and well I think
everything is well know that this
but it is a neuron neuron
dogmatically they have told us they are
the most immutable body cells
once generated are kept in the
entity for the rest of your life
this identity does not change the fact very
While much of neurology and
modern neuroscience is based on
that solution the solution in the dogma
that the neuron does not change but
What if it takes it is incorrect
What if we are now in the
moment where we can change it now
we can start thinking about building
Colds circuits and neurons and receive
Ideas
These are some of the types of
questions that I do daily and has
I already started answering me go
I am particularly interested in the part of
the cerebral cortex to close the part
outermost brain are here
and it is responsible for many of the
functions that make us so very human
creativity fine movement speaks
communication
If we start thinking it is real and
really show the best part
our brain thus 80%
our brain and consumes 20
our daily energy percent
then as a human we have learned to
keep this part of the brain without no
It is no surprise to anyone that
damage to this part of the brain are
They are causing many diseases
neurological and developmental
We are used to hearing
Autism Network schizophrenia syndrome
lateral sclerosis and iu on orders
bipolarity among others
but if we move to the cortex
cerebral
we can see these are one of the few
types of neurons that exist within the
brain death
sign up small exam at the end
but it was there a great big
diversity which speaks enough of
the complexity and the need for it
complex this body and I will not
bore with full diversity but
I want to draw attention to my type
neuron favorite
these are the cortical neurons
end receive their name because
connect the cerebral cortex with the
spinal cord
that is , they are the largest cells
our body to connect from the
tip your head to the part
below our spinal cord
imagine the size is to make
I love every day I love
look at this type of neuron lot of work
and another team has discovered how
form this neuron
we have discovered for example
There weave more than these
He makes it a master conductor
when we are in our the
our mom tummy development
embryological receiver turns around
few neuronal progenitor and
does become cortical neurons
end functions as a master
ceremonies or as a conductor
He tells you you do this you’re going to
do this touches do this is what
we do what we’ve discovered
these two functions as a
discomfort and runs until the first
endogenous and saying these are the
properties are orona
and will see and be connected
with so it will then communicate ok
2 species so far the only
known gene is not more nervous
Central mammal fulfills this
no other function gene to
the time has been found to be
equivalent to its interesting precepts
It is that not only promotes
but final action narcotics
I have also seen the creation of other
neuron then became a
essential tool for us to
investigate whether the dogma that we had
taught that the identity of the
neurons was immutable was so true
as we thought then that it was the
experiment was quite simple
Let’s place these in other
neuron
we decided on this place
type heat these neurons
erroneous connecting the two
hemispheres of the brain are well
to connect a different place
completely different and are
different then it would not give a
fairly simple test to see what
passing
Now we need to develop this
enter an animal to a mouse and
We develop surgery but not
We develop not invent us
but we use a surgery
called electroporation new but this did
specifically allows access this
type of neuron
during embryological development
pass
we do brain surgery
in a mouse so that what we do is
you almost get the baby
We operate the brain as you can see there
we inject these thread
he spent a few touches and hints
electrical termination to be absorbed
and all turn to get between your
Mom and wait for new born
267 pesos during development
embryological and this is what we
what we begin to see the
neuron began to change its shape
before and looked round pippa yyy
They began to be much larger
more clearly changed elongada
suffolk started to change genes
expressing started to change their
personal stamp in a sense not
They are safe surprise in companies
281 others as they begin projects
now to pay those channels and start
say we are cortical neurons
end connect with the bone
spinal
They began to change
how well is how they communicated
He reported in honor of Carlos increasingly
you of a spear a line
Vertical is a communication of that
neuron and how they can see started
eat communicate much more
Quickly and most interesting
changed to where connects its
actions but what came next was
most impressive
We start counting how has
practically analyze how
behaved circuit around
win and the truth that took me
I work sit here counting
a few hours to Osasuna
Programs can see that they are well
different
They are physically different and I started
literally count each contact
Synaptic that this cell received no
It is a simple job but we
and what we saw with the following
rest of the circuit began to change and
He began to integrate these neurons
if they were neuron endogenously
Gantry end ie the circuit
recognized as such he integrated it as such
but more importantly the circuit
change
Then we went beyond just
show that we can change neuron
say ok
the microenvironment since this morning
You can also change miss the
cells around it
Now this if we did not famous
This was a big surprise for me
it calls me and tells me get up look
edu pages rebounded and
cover was our work and
us was
November 5, 2015 was the best day of
my life because it is literally me
I raised that surprise and a little
champagne but then he taught us
He taught us to dream to dream that maybe
the two we had learned not
They were necessarily written in stone
but maybe now we begin to have
technology to start network
ask the question that had not
we have today could answer the
we discovered technology that makes it
they then have the technology
there is now at our disposal
and so we could contact you started it
dream to see what would happen in how
then we change the brain
as I said we did a brain
an embryo can change the brain
adult because they begin to try
using for example reprogramming
as a method of curing the disease
I when my mom tells me when I was
good boy 34 years we wrote in santa
Ana de Yacuma said he wanted to be
Neurosurgeons not know even know
and neurosurgeons but neither
I think my mother figured it was
but this is certainly enough
about this but I think we live in
very exciting times because there
We can only change
We have learned different recipes
cell types can now by
example take but skin and
convert the neuron can take
skin cells and make
cardiomyocytes said cells
heart but we can also take
skin cells and make them
stem cells is the equivalent mother
the first cells that we are
before we have become
our whole body and such
cells can draw all all
body cells
if we know the recipe recently a
years an even greater discovery
not only we could create cell
two dimensions but we could
creating organ ie mini mini mini
and mini organs
where three or four millimeters but
example was body and brain to
it left the skin of a patient
become a mini mini brain
that patient
now is not exactly the same
but it has no brains in Europe and
now they have a yours
ie within weeks
we can go from a piece of skin
have hundreds of these bodies
in the incubator ready to analyze
to understand the brain
In fact , these bodies have been
essential to understand how the CICA
It affects the human brain
we can not inject women
pregnant with her daughter because they do not
put music to this body and thanks
this other team discovered
example the gene using appointment
get called sax and
He discovered that places mishina blocks
the entrance of this organ music and
unless the cells of interest
then I think we’ll get the
day where we will have even more power
we will have power to try to study
diseases in this body and again
through reprogramming why
is for example not start taking strokes
skin of people with autism or
schizophrenia , bipolar disorder and began
say it is different in the brain
brain and try this case and I
we are very close to that day because
because we have already started and we
the first body and from the patient
sick already in the incubator and
We’re starting to do that now no
only a few patients
of thousands of patients at some point
You will come a time where we will
begin to understand how these types of
neurons are created as the circuit
so that goes wrong in this
circuit in case of illness and what
we can then use
methods as reprogramming or
transplant these neurons again
are your neurons to treat
diseases
then I think it’s time that
We forgive rethink questions
specific basic biology
I think it’s time to Monterrey
think of the brain thanks
[Applause]
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