[Music]
silvia still remembers that time of the
your mortal life when beauty shines has
in your laughing and fugitive eyes and
You look forward to limiting youth
salivi thus begins a poem that
maybe we all know and that sooner or later
we all perhaps listened to poetry
is a silvia written by the giacomo count
leopards in 1828 and among other things
speaks of a topic very dear to
poet, that is, that of memory and of
nostalgia, that is, emotions connected to
memory to remember
I hear it for the first time at
elementary and then back to high school and was
there I was passionate about the theme of
memory memory a complex concept
which can have many meanings we can
to speak, for example, of historical memory
that contained in books in buildings
in the habits and customs of a population
or it can be the memory of a
computer in which the information is
coded and stored on supports
physicists in digital format or can
be the memory of an individual maybe
triggered by a scent or a music
that allows us to recall facts and
events gone and that is called memory
declarative memory declarative
it is coded in the brain where
presumably it is also contained
preserved and how it reminds us of salvador
he gave his famous painting, La
persistence of memory the memory of
facts and events can be eroded by
time you see the ants swarming
on the clock or as we will see today from
illness and declarative memory
that I have invested dedicated the last ones
ten years of my research and again
more specifically on mechanisms
present in the brain on function
of individual cells and networks
neural and job orders work for
code to store and recall the
memory of a fact and an event is
even if we do not know exactly where
the memories in our brain are
contained we know with a certain
accuracy such as parts of the brain
are involved in its codification in the
its formation is about structures
present in the temporal lobes right here
under the temples and in particular
an area of the brain that is called
hippocampus because the imagination of the
first in euros anatomy sti recognized you
the approximate form of a
Seahorse
here you see a beautiful design
performed by professor ramon i kayal in
About 1879 based on his experiments
of silver impregnation on slices
of hippocampus a technique developed by
camillo golgi with whom he will share the
Nobel Prize in 1906 and we know it
the hippocampus function
thanks to the curious case of the patient h m
hm underwent the removal of both
some fields to handle a lot of shape
severe epilepsy more or less over the years
fifty after the operation hm
he kept memory of everything
had happened in his life until
moment of the operation but from there on
he could no longer code to
keep memories in the long term
this type of amnesia is defined
as anterograde amnesia and beyond
have inspired several films as a memento
of Christ or 50 times the first kiss
with drew barrymore you teach them that
the hippocampus is not
contains memories but allows us to
acquire new ones in the hippocampus like this
like in every other part of the brain
the cognitive function in this case the
memory derives from the works and al
correct functioning of the individual
neurons and the way they are
communicate with each other and if within
of the single neuron the information comes
codified and transmitted in the form of
electrical impulses neurons communicate
among them through structures
specialized calls synapses in which
upon arrival of an electrical impulse on the
neuron donor information said
Atomic pressin a chemical
said neurotransmitter comes
released and binds to the neuron
information acceptor called precisely
post synaptic stimulating or inhibiting the
his electrical activity and so on for one
another cycle the result is a network of
neurons in which some work like
exciters and others as inhibitors for
better understand the brain works more
or less like an orchestra in which i
individual musicians correspond to ai
coordinating neurons coordinated between
they are from a particular type of neuron
that is the inter-inhibitory inter-neuron
works as a coordinator or
maestro d’orchestra and if the neurons that
communicate with each other through the
synapses work in concert what
the result is music, the functions of the
mind included however if
musicians are poorly coordinated between
them or if in other words the synapses do not
what results is good
a cacophony a mess like that
that could happen in the brain of
a person with epilepsy or indeed
with a disease that can lead to
dementia
now the step to study the mechanisms
at the base of memory e
of learning to study of his
disturbances is short and that’s how I moved
my focus on dementia
dementia is an umbrella term that
contains the symptomatology of different
diseases that lead to progressive
loss of memory but also progressive
progressive mood disorders disorders
of the language alterations of the cycle
wake vigil parallel to the progressive
loss of death of neuronal cells and not
to drink normally they are described
as diseases of the elderly and it is not true
because the first symptoms of dementia
they can even start very soon too
around 45 50 years of age and slowly
progress over decades of eroding
progressively cognitive abilities
of the individual with a huge impact both
on the person who suffers from it for whom
he takes care of it both from the point of view
psychological from the point of view
financial
every time he pops his fingers if there is
I do not sweat that my hands the
dementia is diagnosed with another
person
exact if the tendency remains will remain
unaltered, it is calculated that by 2050
there will be in the world
131 million people with dementia
for a total expenditure of about 2
trillion dollars
which presumably will fall for the
most on the shoulders of the
families
to date there is still no cure if
not on a symptomatic level
Alzheimer’s disease is the most cause
common dementia
there are mainly two forms of it
very rare family genetics caused
directly from type factors
hereditary and then a much more common
sporadic caused by not really known
from what
we know that there are factors of
environmental risks such as the
smoke
alcoholism type 2 diabetes and also
genetic factors that increase the
risk of contracting the disease
alzheimer but we do not know exactly how
in the brains of people with the disease
of alzheimer
we observe the progressive accumulation of
toxic proteins such as the
beta amyloid protein a substance
sticky that can accumulate before
again of the appearance of the first hears
of the first symptoms of cognitive decline
however to the progress of the accumulation of
this substance begins to appear i
first signs of cognitive impairment at a
certain point the beta amyloid protein
stops accumulating
and that’s where the next one appears
protagonist begin to appear
of microscopic tangles of protein
tau hyper phosphors side a protein
toxic and filamentous that is thought to be
the main responsible for death
neuronal and severe cells
loss of cognitive faculties in
terminal stages of the disease and as if
all this was not enough in people
with alzheimer’s disease us
we observe an alteration of the activity
electric brain similar to how much
it happens in people with epilepsy one
theory consolidated and confirmed by
different experimental data and kehl
altered electrical and synaptic function
in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s
is caused by the beta amyloid protein
which since the early stages
it could act on the brain either
destroying the synapses that altering
the electrical activity of the individual neurons
and this is what I did in the
last six years of my life
basically I tried to work
on this
and then how does life change?
people with alzheimer all this
how can we exploit these facts a
our advantage is possible this is the
question that we ask at least in mine
group and with my collaborators is
possible to use the alteration
electrical activity of the brain
in people with cognitive impairment e
in alzheimer’s disease like
opportunities to develop new treatments
new early diagnostic systems that there
allow to identify the disease
as early as the least advanced stages is
You can use this information
to develop new practices for
improve the quality of life of the
people with Alzheimer’s and those who do
takes care
note well these priorities are
interconnected with each other, for example
development of a new cure for a new one
of a new pharmacological approach for
example will be more effective
presumably if we have an instrument
in hand to diagnose the disease
alzheimer
as soon as possible and today I will talk to you about
as with my collaborators
we try to develop a method for
to diagnose alzheimer’s disease
based on electroencephalography
that is the application of electrodes
right above the non-invasive scalp e
economic
this approach would have the advantage
key to being based on
infrastructures already present in the
clinical field for example for the
diagnosis of epilepsy and therefore not
would require the purchase of new ones
machines by the structures
hospital
san marino san marino is beautiful the
titan is a vision that fills me with
joy when I return after a long time
period passed out is not alone
the aspect of its majesty
and the smell is the memory of the smell that
he looked like a child
the taste of food full of laughter
patrons of the bar to which I go after
ate for coffee
the musical accent with the shuffled
read non-existent which then is mine
accent happens to san marino you live well
we are few
around 30,000 highly controlled inhabitants
from the medical point of view around
one thousand inhabitants per primary care physician and yes
he lives a long time
exact san marino to one of the
longest life expectancy in the world
in fact according to the data of the
World Health Organization
related to 2013
san marino all life expectancy more
long in the world for males and is
at the eleventh place for women
and oh well and then and therefore can be a
excellent laboratory for the study of
clinical conditions of diseases a
long course such as the disease
of alzheimer in san marino we have
started two years ago
the project alf sm an and therefore doctors
here in san marino
led by Dr. Susanna Guttman
she has dealt with and is still occupying herself
to collect the tracks
electrophysiological electrophysiology e
magnetic resonance data of people
with alzheimer’s disease and people
of the same age without disturbances
cognitive and at the same time a team
of researchers among san marino kingdom
united and germany driven respectively
from doctor mar gut fellow to dexter
from the doctor federico tombari to monaco si
deals with the analysis of starting data
from electroencephalographic data marc
márquez bello has developed a method
that starting from the data
electrophysiology of patients e
checks allows us to predict with
an accuracy of around eighty per
one hundred
if the electrophysiological path
belongs to a healthy person or one
person with alzheimer’s disease or
at least with alzheimer’s disease
probable this is not a development of the
all new
other research groups first have
obtained similar results even if with
methods a little different however us
we assume we can predict if
the electrophysiological pattern of one
person with mild cognitive impairment
it can correspond to the initial phases
of alzheimer ‘s disease
will develop or not in dementia caused
perhaps from alzheimer’s disease
at the moment I can not reveal the details
of the method developed by mark of everything
because we are not entirely sure that
functions and then second place because if
veil I revealed then I should kill you
jokes
conceal that sum to verify however the
validity of our hypothesis what
we will do and follow the court of per
patients of people with deficits
cognitive impairment for at least 35 years e
evaluate if our method is in
predictive effects of the development of the
dementia and in particular of the disease
of alzheimer
finally we aim to combine
electrophysiology with more techniques
classic for the diagnosis of dementia
and first neurodegeneration
place the neuropsychological evaluation
that is, the direct measurement of capacities
cognitive of a person through
the execution of a series of tests and then
the neuroimaging that allows us to
visualize the structures of the brain
for example in our case the resonance
nuclear magnetic
and data from neuroimaging
at the moment they are being analyzed
on the part of the doctor federico tombari a
monk
and what is the purpose of combining these
methods together to apply to these methods
together aimed at increasing
the accuracy of the diagnosis and of the
prognosis of deficit development
cognitive impairment in dementia compared to
their individual use by concluding the
memory something beautiful and fragile
in a sense we are ours
memories dementias and in particular the
Alzheimer ‘s disease is one
devastating condition for both those who
suffers both for those who take care of whom
he suffers from those who are affected and the
scientific research is working
incessantly to find a cure for
develop a method of early diagnosis
and to develop practices to improve
the quality of life of people
part of this effort takes place precisely
here in san marino a small reality that
works locally and collaborates
internationally
perhaps thanks to its uniqueness
perhaps thanks to the compact
power of his small organized
san marino territory could have le
potential to change the world
thank you
[Applause]
[Music]
silvia still remembers that time of the
your mortal life when beauty shines has
in your laughing and fugitive eyes and
You look forward to limiting youth
salivi thus begins a poem that
maybe we all know and that sooner or later
we all perhaps listened to poetry
is a silvia written by the giacomo count
leopards in 1828 and among other things
speaks of a topic very dear to
poet, that is, that of memory and of
nostalgia, that is, emotions connected to
memory to remember
I hear it for the first time at
elementary and then back to high school and was
there I was passionate about the theme of
memory memory a complex concept
which can have many meanings we can
to speak, for example, of historical memory
that contained in books in buildings
in the habits and customs of a population
or it can be the memory of a
computer in which the information is
coded and stored on supports
physicists in digital format or can
be the memory of an individual maybe
triggered by a scent or a music
that allows us to recall facts and
events gone and that is called memory
declarative memory declarative
it is coded in the brain where
presumably it is also contained
preserved and how it reminds us of salvador
he gave his famous painting, La
persistence of memory the memory of
facts and events can be eroded by
time you see the ants swarming
on the clock or as we will see today from
illness and declarative memory
that I have invested dedicated the last ones
ten years of my research and again
more specifically on mechanisms
present in the brain on function
of individual cells and networks
neural and job orders work for
code to store and recall the
memory of a fact and an event is
even if we do not know exactly where
the memories in our brain are
contained we know with a certain
accuracy such as parts of the brain
are involved in its codification in the
its formation is about structures
present in the temporal lobes right here
under the temples and in particular
an area of the brain that is called
hippocampus because the imagination of the
first in euros anatomy sti recognized you
the approximate form of a
Seahorse
here you see a beautiful design
performed by professor ramon i kayal in
About 1879 based on his experiments
of silver impregnation on slices
of hippocampus a technique developed by
camillo golgi with whom he will share the
Nobel Prize in 1906 and we know it
the hippocampus function
thanks to the curious case of the patient h m
hm underwent the removal of both
some fields to handle a lot of shape
severe epilepsy more or less over the years
fifty after the operation hm
he kept memory of everything
had happened in his life until
moment of the operation but from there on
he could no longer code to
keep memories in the long term
this type of amnesia is defined
as anterograde amnesia and beyond
have inspired several films as a memento
of Christ or 50 times the first kiss
with drew barrymore you teach them that
the hippocampus is not
contains memories but allows us to
acquire new ones in the hippocampus like this
like in every other part of the brain
the cognitive function in this case the
memory derives from the works and al
correct functioning of the individual
neurons and the way they are
communicate with each other and if within
of the single neuron the information comes
codified and transmitted in the form of
electrical impulses neurons communicate
among them through structures
specialized calls synapses in which
upon arrival of an electrical impulse on the
neuron donor information said
Atomic pressin a chemical
said neurotransmitter comes
released and binds to the neuron
information acceptor called precisely
post synaptic stimulating or inhibiting the
his electrical activity and so on for one
another cycle the result is a network of
neurons in which some work like
exciters and others as inhibitors for
better understand the brain works more
or less like an orchestra in which i
individual musicians correspond to ai
coordinating neurons coordinated between
they are from a particular type of neuron
that is the inter-inhibitory inter-neuron
works as a coordinator or
maestro d’orchestra and if the neurons that
communicate with each other through the
synapses work in concert what
the result is music, the functions of the
mind included however if
musicians are poorly coordinated between
them or if in other words the synapses do not
what results is good
a cacophony a mess like that
that could happen in the brain of
a person with epilepsy or indeed
with a disease that can lead to
dementia
now the step to study the mechanisms
at the base of memory e
of learning to study of his
disturbances is short and that’s how I moved
my focus on dementia
dementia is an umbrella term that
contains the symptomatology of different
diseases that lead to progressive
loss of memory but also progressive
progressive mood disorders disorders
of the language alterations of the cycle
wake vigil parallel to the progressive
loss of death of neuronal cells and not
to drink normally they are described
as diseases of the elderly and it is not true
because the first symptoms of dementia
they can even start very soon too
around 45 50 years of age and slowly
progress over decades of eroding
progressively cognitive abilities
of the individual with a huge impact both
on the person who suffers from it for whom
he takes care of it both from the point of view
psychological from the point of view
financial
every time he pops his fingers if there is
I do not sweat that my hands the
dementia is diagnosed with another
person
exact if the tendency remains will remain
unaltered, it is calculated that by 2050
there will be in the world
131 million people with dementia
for a total expenditure of about 2
trillion dollars
which presumably will fall for the
most on the shoulders of the
families
to date there is still no cure if
not on a symptomatic level
Alzheimer’s disease is the most cause
common dementia
there are mainly two forms of it
very rare family genetics caused
directly from type factors
hereditary and then a much more common
sporadic caused by not really known
from what
we know that there are factors of
environmental risks such as the
smoke
alcoholism type 2 diabetes and also
genetic factors that increase the
risk of contracting the disease
alzheimer but we do not know exactly how
in the brains of people with the disease
of alzheimer
we observe the progressive accumulation of
toxic proteins such as the
beta amyloid protein a substance
sticky that can accumulate before
again of the appearance of the first hears
of the first symptoms of cognitive decline
however to the progress of the accumulation of
this substance begins to appear i
first signs of cognitive impairment at a
certain point the beta amyloid protein
stops accumulating
and that’s where the next one appears
protagonist begin to appear
of microscopic tangles of protein
tau hyper phosphors side a protein
toxic and filamentous that is thought to be
the main responsible for death
neuronal and severe cells
loss of cognitive faculties in
terminal stages of the disease and as if
all this was not enough in people
with alzheimer’s disease us
we observe an alteration of the activity
electric brain similar to how much
it happens in people with epilepsy one
theory consolidated and confirmed by
different experimental data and kehl
altered electrical and synaptic function
in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s
is caused by the beta amyloid protein
which since the early stages
it could act on the brain either
destroying the synapses that altering
the electrical activity of the individual neurons
and this is what I did in the
last six years of my life
basically I tried to work
on this
and then how does life change?
people with alzheimer all this
how can we exploit these facts a
our advantage is possible this is the
question that we ask at least in mine
group and with my collaborators is
possible to use the alteration
electrical activity of the brain
in people with cognitive impairment e
in alzheimer’s disease like
opportunities to develop new treatments
new early diagnostic systems that there
allow to identify the disease
as early as the least advanced stages is
You can use this information
to develop new practices for
improve the quality of life of the
people with Alzheimer’s and those who do
takes care
note well these priorities are
interconnected with each other, for example
development of a new cure for a new one
of a new pharmacological approach for
example will be more effective
presumably if we have an instrument
in hand to diagnose the disease
alzheimer
as soon as possible and today I will talk to you about
as with my collaborators
we try to develop a method for
to diagnose alzheimer’s disease
based on electroencephalography
that is the application of electrodes
right above the non-invasive scalp e
economic
this approach would have the advantage
key to being based on
infrastructures already present in the
clinical field for example for the
diagnosis of epilepsy and therefore not
would require the purchase of new ones
machines by the structures
hospital
san marino san marino is beautiful the
titan is a vision that fills me with
joy when I return after a long time
period passed out is not alone
the aspect of its majesty
and the smell is the memory of the smell that
he looked like a child
the taste of food full of laughter
patrons of the bar to which I go after
ate for coffee
the musical accent with the shuffled
read non-existent which then is mine
accent happens to san marino you live well
we are few
around 30,000 highly controlled inhabitants
from the medical point of view around
one thousand inhabitants per primary care physician and yes
he lives a long time
exact san marino to one of the
longest life expectancy in the world
in fact according to the data of the
World Health Organization
related to 2013
san marino all life expectancy more
long in the world for males and is
at the eleventh place for women
and oh well and then and therefore can be a
excellent laboratory for the study of
clinical conditions of diseases a
long course such as the disease
of alzheimer in san marino we have
started two years ago
the project alf sm an and therefore doctors
here in san marino
led by Dr. Susanna Guttman
she has dealt with and is still occupying herself
to collect the tracks
electrophysiological electrophysiology e
magnetic resonance data of people
with alzheimer’s disease and people
of the same age without disturbances
cognitive and at the same time a team
of researchers among san marino kingdom
united and germany driven respectively
from doctor mar gut fellow to dexter
from the doctor federico tombari to monaco si
deals with the analysis of starting data
from electroencephalographic data marc
márquez bello has developed a method
that starting from the data
electrophysiology of patients e
checks allows us to predict with
an accuracy of around eighty per
one hundred
if the electrophysiological path
belongs to a healthy person or one
person with alzheimer’s disease or
at least with alzheimer’s disease
probable this is not a development of the
all new
other research groups first have
obtained similar results even if with
methods a little different however us
we assume we can predict if
the electrophysiological pattern of one
person with mild cognitive impairment
it can correspond to the initial phases
of alzheimer ‘s disease
will develop or not in dementia caused
perhaps from alzheimer’s disease
at the moment I can not reveal the details
of the method developed by mark of everything
because we are not entirely sure that
functions and then second place because if
veil I revealed then I should kill you
jokes
conceal that sum to verify however the
validity of our hypothesis what
we will do and follow the court of per
patients of people with deficits
cognitive impairment for at least 35 years e
evaluate if our method is in
predictive effects of the development of the
dementia and in particular of the disease
of alzheimer
finally we aim to combine
electrophysiology with more techniques
classic for the diagnosis of dementia
and first neurodegeneration
place the neuropsychological evaluation
that is, the direct measurement of capacities
cognitive of a person through
the execution of a series of tests and then
the neuroimaging that allows us to
visualize the structures of the brain
for example in our case the resonance
nuclear magnetic
and data from neuroimaging
at the moment they are being analyzed
on the part of the doctor federico tombari a
monk
and what is the purpose of combining these
methods together to apply to these methods
together aimed at increasing
the accuracy of the diagnosis and of the
prognosis of deficit development
cognitive impairment in dementia compared to
their individual use by concluding the
memory something beautiful and fragile
in a sense we are ours
memories dementias and in particular the
Alzheimer ‘s disease is one
devastating condition for both those who
suffers both for those who take care of whom
he suffers from those who are affected and the
scientific research is working
incessantly to find a cure for
develop a method of early diagnosis
and to develop practices to improve
the quality of life of people
part of this effort takes place precisely
here in san marino a small reality that
works locally and collaborates
internationally
perhaps thanks to its uniqueness
perhaps thanks to the compact
power of his small organized
san marino territory could have le
potential to change the world
thank you
[Applause]
[Music]
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