[Music]
[Music] [Applause]
then I accept this invitation to make
then I accept this invitation to make the presentation in 10 weeks with the
the presentation in 10 weeks with the
the presentation in 10 weeks with the name nuclear transplantation or why I
name nuclear transplantation or why I
name nuclear transplantation or why I don’t like the terms repair and baby
don’t like the terms repair and baby
don’t like the terms repair and baby that the following question arose why it
that the following question arose why it
that the following question arose why it will be really interesting for
will be really interesting for
will be really interesting for non-professional audience how it will be
non-professional audience how it will be
non-professional audience how it will be compatible with the general atmosphere
compatible with the general atmosphere
compatible with the general atmosphere of TEDx and why the society is so very
of TEDx and why the society is so very
of TEDx and why the society is so very for our experiments for clinical
for our experiments for clinical
for our experiments for clinical investigations and I would like to ask a
investigations and I would like to ask a
investigations and I would like to ask a very simple question for this audience
very simple question for this audience
very simple question for this audience who knows what is meaning the Domus
who knows what is meaning the Domus
who knows what is meaning the Domus reburied parents so parents baby please
reburied parents so parents baby please
reburied parents so parents baby please push your hands who knows about this
according to my preliminary measurement
according to my preliminary measurement only few people even heard about this
only few people even heard about this
only few people even heard about this job and I would like and I will try to
job and I would like and I will try to
job and I would like and I will try to explain what is it meaning if you have
explain what is it meaning if you have
explain what is it meaning if you have the under salted cucumbers what are you
the under salted cucumbers what are you
the under salted cucumbers what are you doing you add the salt and also our
doing you add the salt and also our
doing you add the salt and also our technologist IVF technologist is
technologist IVF technologist is
technologist IVF technologist is combined for the Eden of salt to
combined for the Eden of salt to
combined for the Eden of salt to increase in the environment for the
increase in the environment for the
increase in the environment for the embryos but sometimes it could not help
embryos but sometimes it could not help
embryos but sometimes it could not help and easy situation it will be better to
and easy situation it will be better to
and easy situation it will be better to transform this goombahs is a fresh
transform this goombahs is a fresh
transform this goombahs is a fresh solution it is the main thing which
solution it is the main thing which
solution it is the main thing which could explain of the grain of our
could explain of the grain of our
could explain of the grain of our experiments but I would like to begin
experiments but I would like to begin
experiments but I would like to begin from the beginning what I mean that the
from the beginning what I mean that the
from the beginning what I mean that the IVF year begins in the was a humanity in
IVF year begins in the was a humanity in
IVF year begins in the was a humanity in July 1878 that in this day it was
July 1878 that in this day it was
July 1878 that in this day it was delivered the first IVF babies a baby
delivered the first IVF babies a baby
delivered the first IVF babies a baby which conceived outside the body of
which conceived outside the body of
which conceived outside the body of mothers in this embryo has been
mothers in this embryo has been
mothers in this embryo has been transferred
transferred
transferred inside the uterus of the masa and it was
inside the uterus of the masa and it was
inside the uterus of the masa and it was a big brakes roll the pioneers of this
investigation and it was the Robert
investigation and it was the Robert Edwards Patrick’s install and in 2010
Edwards Patrick’s install and in 2010
Edwards Patrick’s install and in 2010 Robert Elvis has been awarded by the
Robert Elvis has been awarded by the
Robert Elvis has been awarded by the Nobel Prize for this great backs row for
Nobel Prize for this great backs row for
Nobel Prize for this great backs row for all humanity and for 2018 around 8
all humanity and for 2018 around 8
all humanity and for 2018 around 8 million babies was born over the world
million babies was born over the world
million babies was born over the world but what is a stage of this kind of
but what is a stage of this kind of
but what is a stage of this kind of treatment I would like to remind you the
treatment I would like to remind you the
treatment I would like to remind you the first stage it is a hormonal stimulation
first stage it is a hormonal stimulation
first stage it is a hormonal stimulation after these adopters received their all
after these adopters received their all
after these adopters received their all sides from the woman another stage it is
sides from the woman another stage it is
sides from the woman another stage it is edging this film for the embryos and the
edging this film for the embryos and the
edging this film for the embryos and the last stage in transversal embryos it is
last stage in transversal embryos it is
last stage in transversal embryos it is very simple procedure and counted me in
very simple procedure and counted me in
very simple procedure and counted me in the end of 80s and I begin to work in
the end of 80s and I begin to work in
the end of 80s and I begin to work in this field of the medical investigation
this field of the medical investigation
this field of the medical investigation medical practice and in the beginning
medical practice and in the beginning
medical practice and in the beginning everything very simple and very
everything very simple and very
everything very simple and very understandable that you receive the eggs
understandable that you receive the eggs
understandable that you receive the eggs makes the fertilization of the eggs and
makes the fertilization of the eggs and
makes the fertilization of the eggs and after this transfers embryos and after
after this transfers embryos and after
after this transfers embryos and after this is two weeks of the expectation or
this is two weeks of the expectation or
this is two weeks of the expectation or you receive their success or it will be
you receive their success or it will be
you receive their success or it will be suffer you but in the late of 90s I have
suffer you but in the late of 90s I have
suffer you but in the late of 90s I have met first in my practical situation when
met first in my practical situation when
met first in my practical situation when the embryos stops growing in the day to
the embryos stops growing in the day to
the embryos stops growing in the day to day three and they did not develop more
day three and they did not develop more
day three and they did not develop more you could see in the left picture the
you could see in the left picture the
you could see in the left picture the development of the normal embryo and in
development of the normal embryo and in
development of the normal embryo and in the right corner of every picture if you
the right corner of every picture if you
the right corner of every picture if you have counting of the hours Umbreon is
have counting of the hours Umbreon is
have counting of the hours Umbreon is developed but the right picture Zambian
developed but the right picture Zambian
developed but the right picture Zambian developed by the not proper way and they
developed by the not proper way and they
developed by the not proper way and they stopped their development
stopped their development
stopped their development and I would like to remind you that
and I would like to remind you that
and I would like to remind you that first time in my life I have met the
first time in my life I have met the
first time in my life I have met the situation in the end of 90s we try to
situation in the end of 90s we try to
situation in the end of 90s we try to help these patients make a lot of
help these patients make a lot of
help these patients make a lot of attempts but in spite of this we could
attempts but in spite of this we could
attempts but in spite of this we could not achieve the pregnancy and we
not achieve the pregnancy and we
not achieve the pregnancy and we proposed for this lady for this woman
proposed for this lady for this woman
proposed for this lady for this woman the using of Donna’s eggs which she was
the using of Donna’s eggs which she was
the using of Donna’s eggs which she was a pregnancy in the first cycle she’ll
a pregnancy in the first cycle she’ll
a pregnancy in the first cycle she’ll deliver two very pretty beautiful baby
deliver two very pretty beautiful baby
deliver two very pretty beautiful baby girls but she said me later that it was
girls but she said me later that it was
girls but she said me later that it was a big psychological blow of your the
a big psychological blow of your the
a big psychological blow of your the understanding that she would she could
understanding that she would she could
understanding that she would she could not have say her own baby
not have say her own baby
not have say her own baby time by time we met the situation in our
time by time we met the situation in our
time by time we met the situation in our practice but nobody over the world could
practice but nobody over the world could
practice but nobody over the world could propose anything except say using of
propose anything except say using of
propose anything except say using of donor eggs and only in 2003 so I have
donor eggs and only in 2003 so I have
donor eggs and only in 2003 so I have read the publication of this doctor dr.
read the publication of this doctor dr.
read the publication of this doctor dr. Zhang who achieves a pregnancy after the
Zhang who achieves a pregnancy after the
Zhang who achieves a pregnancy after the reconstitution of sprinklin Co by
reconstitution of sprinklin Co by
reconstitution of sprinklin Co by Pronovias & Co but unfortunately this
Pronovias & Co but unfortunately this
Pronovias & Co but unfortunately this pregnancy has been stopped and babies
pregnancy has been stopped and babies
pregnancy has been stopped and babies did not survive but at least it will be
did not survive but at least it will be
did not survive but at least it will be the beginning of you era unfortunately
the beginning of you era unfortunately
the beginning of you era unfortunately in this time American Food and Drug
in this time American Food and Drug
in this time American Food and Drug Administration’s FDA banned all this
Administration’s FDA banned all this
Administration’s FDA banned all this procedure in the United States and over
procedure in the United States and over
procedure in the United States and over the world and everything has been
the world and everything has been
the world and everything has been stopped all of this investigation is it
stopped all of this investigation is it
stopped all of this investigation is it I understand for non-professional to
I understand for non-professional to
I understand for non-professional to Turin auditorium it is very difficult to
Turin auditorium it is very difficult to
Turin auditorium it is very difficult to understand the core of this procedure
understand the core of this procedure
understand the core of this procedure and in this picture you could see how it
and in this picture you could see how it
and in this picture you could see how it move it that in the left side he sees a
move it that in the left side he sees a
move it that in the left side he sees a patient egg in the right side you see
patient egg in the right side you see
patient egg in the right side you see the donor eggs the eggs fertilized by
the donor eggs the eggs fertilized by
the donor eggs the eggs fertilized by the sperm and after this the doctors
the sperm and after this the doctors
the sperm and after this the doctors controls the development of embryos and
controls the development of embryos and
controls the development of embryos and after receiving of these nuclear
after receiving of these nuclear
after receiving of these nuclear materials genetic materials of father
materials genetic materials of father
materials genetic materials of father mother so-called pronucleus
mother so-called pronucleus
mother so-called pronucleus they push out this genetical material
they push out this genetical material
they push out this genetical material from the zygote it is the name of the
from the zygote it is the name of the
from the zygote it is the name of the one cell of embryo and transfer this
one cell of embryo and transfer this
one cell of embryo and transfer this pronucleus in the door our sitter plasm
pronucleus in the door our sitter plasm
pronucleus in the door our sitter plasm as a result guru seems a reconstructed
as a result guru seems a reconstructed
as a result guru seems a reconstructed embryo which contained in the nucleus
embryo which contained in the nucleus
embryo which contained in the nucleus DNA father and mother and sister plasm
DNA father and mother and sister plasm
DNA father and mother and sister plasm very few genes of the donor and when
very few genes of the donor and when
very few genes of the donor and when this experiment has been begins a
this experiment has been begins a
this experiment has been begins a journalist invents the name of this
journalist invents the name of this
journalist invents the name of this procedure sorry parent baby because the
procedure sorry parent baby because the
procedure sorry parent baby because the baby has a Jana father Massa and Donnell
baby has a Jana father Massa and Donnell
baby has a Jana father Massa and Donnell and I would like to remind you this
and I would like to remind you this
and I would like to remind you this procedure has been stopped but
procedure has been stopped but
procedure has been stopped but scientists scientific development is
scientists scientific development is
scientists scientific development is contingent and it was a lot of
contingent and it was a lot of
contingent and it was a lot of experiments in the animal models in mice
experiments in the animal models in mice
experiments in the animal models in mice and 2010 the American group of Mythili
and 2010 the American group of Mythili
and 2010 the American group of Mythili puff produce the first monkeys after
puff produce the first monkeys after
puff produce the first monkeys after this procedure after the pronucleus
this procedure after the pronucleus
this procedure after the pronucleus transfer and it was like the engine of
transfer and it was like the engine of
transfer and it was like the engine of the experimental era and the beginning
the experimental era and the beginning
the experimental era and the beginning of the clinical because the logic of
of the clinical because the logic of
of the clinical because the logic of scientific development the first of all
scientific development the first of all
scientific development the first of all animals that is the next phase phase its
animals that is the next phase phase its
animals that is the next phase phase its the studies on the non-human primate and
the studies on the non-human primate and
the studies on the non-human primate and the next test object is a human and in
the next test object is a human and in
the next test object is a human and in 2015 United Kingdom Parliament first in
2015 United Kingdom Parliament first in
2015 United Kingdom Parliament first in the life in the adult accepted the law
the life in the adult accepted the law
the life in the adult accepted the law about the legality of this procedure in
about the legality of this procedure in
about the legality of this procedure in United Kingdom before this it was a lot
United Kingdom before this it was a lot
United Kingdom before this it was a lot experiment and I would like to explain
experiment and I would like to explain
experiment and I would like to explain what is the indication which push the
what is the indication which push the
what is the indication which push the United Kingdom Parliament to accept this
United Kingdom Parliament to accept this
United Kingdom Parliament to accept this procedure it is the special class of the
procedure it is the special class of the
procedure it is the special class of the with mitochondrial diseases and this
with mitochondrial diseases and this
with mitochondrial diseases and this mitochondrial diseases is what is the
mitochondrial diseases is what is the
mitochondrial diseases is what is the reason of mitochondria
reason of mitochondria
reason of mitochondria diseases that I said use it our nucleus
diseases that I said use it our nucleus
diseases that I said use it our nucleus contained 25,000 genes or fossa and masa
contained 25,000 genes or fossa and masa
contained 25,000 genes or fossa and masa and Zi 37 genes
and Zi 37 genes
and Zi 37 genes it contains inside the cytoplasm and if
it contains inside the cytoplasm and if
it contains inside the cytoplasm and if it is a mutation in these jeans
it is a mutation in these jeans
it is a mutation in these jeans the woman is courier of these genes she
the woman is courier of these genes she
the woman is courier of these genes she could deliver sick babies very severe
could deliver sick babies very severe
could deliver sick babies very severe diseases so called mitochondrial
diseases so called mitochondrial
diseases so called mitochondrial diseases and the history of this simple
diseases and the history of this simple
diseases and the history of this simple lady from the small town in England
lady from the small town in England
lady from the small town in England Sunderland it was a pushin for United
Sunderland it was a pushin for United
Sunderland it was a pushin for United Kingdom Parliament to accept this law
Kingdom Parliament to accept this law
Kingdom Parliament to accept this law this lady lost seven children she
this lady lost seven children she
this lady lost seven children she delivered six babies who died in the
delivered six babies who died in the
delivered six babies who died in the neonatal period and only one his son
neonatal period and only one his son
neonatal period and only one his son Eduardo survived and he died at 25 year
Eduardo survived and he died at 25 year
Eduardo survived and he died at 25 year and this lady understood that only this
and this lady understood that only this
and this lady understood that only this procedure could help you and she wrote
procedure could help you and she wrote
procedure could help you and she wrote very smart thoughts from my point of
very smart thoughts from my point of
very smart thoughts from my point of view it is not about being selfish it’s
view it is not about being selfish it’s
view it is not about being selfish it’s not about wanting designer babies it’s
not about wanting designer babies it’s
not about wanting designer babies it’s not about doing injustice to people with
not about doing injustice to people with
not about doing injustice to people with disabilities it’s about trying to create
disabilities it’s about trying to create
disabilities it’s about trying to create a healthy baby it’s about trying to give
a healthy baby it’s about trying to give
a healthy baby it’s about trying to give a child a future and this law has been
a child a future and this law has been
a child a future and this law has been accepted in 2015 like I said by United
accepted in 2015 like I said by United
accepted in 2015 like I said by United Kingdom Parliament and for this moment
Kingdom Parliament and for this moment
Kingdom Parliament and for this moment it is only one country over the world
it is only one country over the world
it is only one country over the world which has a law for legality of this you
which has a law for legality of this you
which has a law for legality of this you could ask what is the situation in
could ask what is the situation in
could ask what is the situation in Ukraine in Ukraine via is a golden
Ukraine in Ukraine via is a golden
Ukraine in Ukraine via is a golden middle of the country without regulation
middle of the country without regulation
middle of the country without regulation of this procedure but all our fallen
of this procedure but all our fallen
of this procedure but all our fallen experiments approved like the clinical
experiments approved like the clinical
experiments approved like the clinical trial by our scientific research
trial by our scientific research
trial by our scientific research department but what is the history of
department but what is the history of
department but what is the history of the relevant of this approach in Ukraine
the relevant of this approach in Ukraine
the relevant of this approach in Ukraine in 2013 embryologist Pablo Massa
in 2013 embryologist Pablo Massa
in 2013 embryologist Pablo Massa proposed us to begin the experimental is
proposed us to begin the experimental is
proposed us to begin the experimental is no clearance
no clearance
no clearance clearly I concern for this experiment
clearly I concern for this experiment
clearly I concern for this experiment like volunteer experimental job and in
like volunteer experimental job and in
like volunteer experimental job and in the beginning we could not receive their
the beginning we could not receive their
the beginning we could not receive their construction after this we could not
construction after this we could not
construction after this we could not receive the development of embryos and
receive the development of embryos and
receive the development of embryos and our first embryos has some genetical
our first embryos has some genetical
our first embryos has some genetical defects which could not give us
defects which could not give us
defects which could not give us possibility to transfer us a woman but
possibility to transfer us a woman but
possibility to transfer us a woman but once we found the embryos after
once we found the embryos after
once we found the embryos after construction which has been genetically
construction which has been genetically
construction which has been genetically normal very interesting the history of
normal very interesting the history of
normal very interesting the history of this woman she has the 34 years she has
this woman she has the 34 years she has
this woman she has the 34 years she has the 14 years the unsuccessful
the 14 years the unsuccessful
the 14 years the unsuccessful infertility treatment and as a result it
infertility treatment and as a result it
infertility treatment and as a result it was the first normal Umbreon during his
was the first normal Umbreon during his
was the first normal Umbreon during his life from one point of view he
life from one point of view he
life from one point of view he understood that we have met this
understood that we have met this
understood that we have met this situation but from another point of view
situation but from another point of view
situation but from another point of view we must be faced with the hands of very
we must be faced with the hands of very
we must be faced with the hands of very simple question that if we achieve the
simple question that if we achieve the
simple question that if we achieve the pregnancy this baby will be healthy or
pregnancy this baby will be healthy or
pregnancy this baby will be healthy or not no but over the world could answer
not no but over the world could answer
not no but over the world could answer for this moment for this question and
for this moment for this question and
for this moment for this question and our prediction has been based for the
our prediction has been based for the
our prediction has been based for the scientific investigations with animal
scientific investigations with animal
scientific investigations with animal models for the nonhuman permit and sure
models for the nonhuman permit and sure
models for the nonhuman permit and sure after the written consent of the patient
after the written consent of the patient
after the written consent of the patient we transform the embryos and achieve the
we transform the embryos and achieve the
we transform the embryos and achieve the pregnancy it was very surprising for us
pregnancy it was very surprising for us
pregnancy it was very surprising for us that we wait until the 12 weeks and 12
that we wait until the 12 weeks and 12
that we wait until the 12 weeks and 12 weeks we organize a press conference and
weeks we organize a press conference and
weeks we organize a press conference and inform that we achieve the first promo
inform that we achieve the first promo
inform that we achieve the first promo class transfer pregnancy over the world
class transfer pregnancy over the world
class transfer pregnancy over the world we have wait this situation yes
but I would like to show you again this
but I would like to show you again this dr. Zhang he is my friend
dr. Zhang he is my friend
dr. Zhang he is my friend we have met in Ukraine in 2013 you call
we have met in Ukraine in 2013 you call
we have met in Ukraine in 2013 you call in the clinic and said I would like to
in the clinic and said I would like to
in the clinic and said I would like to visit a clinic I am in cave when I asked
visit a clinic I am in cave when I asked
visit a clinic I am in cave when I asked him when why did you come in here he
him when why did you come in here he
him when why did you come in here he said my wife she’s from Ukraine and I
said my wife she’s from Ukraine and I
said my wife she’s from Ukraine and I came for my advice family it was a
came for my advice family it was a
came for my advice family it was a private visit we continue our friendship
private visit we continue our friendship
private visit we continue our friendship but for this moment we don’t how to
but for this moment we don’t how to
but for this moment we don’t how to continue to discuss an equation about
continue to discuss an equation about
continue to discuss an equation about nuclear transfers that his investigation
nuclear transfers that his investigation
nuclear transfers that his investigation investigation provided separately but in
investigation provided separately but in
investigation provided separately but in September 2016
September 2016
September 2016 the or information adjacency over the
the or information adjacency over the
the or information adjacency over the world inform that first repairing baby
world inform that first repairing baby
world inform that first repairing baby was born the baby was born in April 2016
was born the baby was born in April 2016
was born the baby was born in April 2016 it was the baby after the spindle
it was the baby after the spindle
it was the baby after the spindle another procedure transfer but it was a
another procedure transfer but it was a
another procedure transfer but it was a sleeper in baby and the mass of this
sleeper in baby and the mass of this
sleeper in baby and the mass of this baby has to six children few pure died
baby has to six children few pure died
baby has to six children few pure died in the early age after the mitochondrial
in the early age after the mitochondrial
in the early age after the mitochondrial diseases said clearly it was not very
diseases said clearly it was not very
diseases said clearly it was not very pleasant information for me because sure
pleasant information for me because sure
pleasant information for me because sure that we hope to be thrust over the world
that we hope to be thrust over the world
that we hope to be thrust over the world but our overcame my cellos and
but our overcame my cellos and
but our overcame my cellos and congratulate in this day dr. Zhang and
congratulate in this day dr. Zhang and
congratulate in this day dr. Zhang and after this he invited us for the
after this he invited us for the
after this he invited us for the conference in New York and we begin to
conference in New York and we begin to
conference in New York and we begin to continue I see in scientific
continue I see in scientific
continue I see in scientific collaboration but who is the first that
collaboration but who is the first that
collaboration but who is the first that I would like to explain is difference
I would like to explain is difference
I would like to explain is difference between this procedure that the doctors
between this procedure that the doctors
between this procedure that the doctors am use another method of the creation of
am use another method of the creation of
am use another method of the creation of the embryos reconstruction that as I
the embryos reconstruction that as I
the embryos reconstruction that as I showed first of all if at all SX and
showed first of all if at all SX and
showed first of all if at all SX and after this that makes a reconstruction
after this that makes a reconstruction
after this that makes a reconstruction and Institute’s is dr. Zhang
and Institute’s is dr. Zhang
and Institute’s is dr. Zhang first of all reconstruct the eggs and
first of all reconstruct the eggs and
first of all reconstruct the eggs and the facism X’s utilization in the
the facism X’s utilization in the
the facism X’s utilization in the spindle as a results that our baby is
spindle as a results that our baby is
spindle as a results that our baby is the second trip we’re in baby over the
the second trip we’re in baby over the
the second trip we’re in baby over the world and the first baby after the
world and the first baby after the
world and the first baby after the pro-nuke last and CEO over the world and
pro-nuke last and CEO over the world and
pro-nuke last and CEO over the world and the first after spindle and on the one
the first after spindle and on the one
the first after spindle and on the one it is our baby was born in general or
it is our baby was born in general or
it is our baby was born in general or 2017 this girl goes can see and it was
2017 this girl goes can see and it was
2017 this girl goes can see and it was the first baby over the world after the
the first baby over the world after the
the first baby over the world after the pronoun class transfer what is the next
pronoun class transfer what is the next
pronoun class transfer what is the next first of all for this moment he achieves
first of all for this moment he achieves
first of all for this moment he achieves the delivering of the four babies even
the delivering of the four babies even
the delivering of the four babies even for women a pregnant that our main goal
for women a pregnant that our main goal
for women a pregnant that our main goal of our investigations the detection of
of our investigations the detection of
of our investigations the detection of indication for this procedure and the
indication for this procedure and the
indication for this procedure and the National questions that we continuously
National questions that we continuously
National questions that we continuously following up of the babies because for
following up of the babies because for
following up of the babies because for this memo moment that only five babies
this memo moment that only five babies
this memo moment that only five babies over the world disrepair and status and
over the world disrepair and status and
over the world disrepair and status and for Sam’s a live in Ukraine and I would
for Sam’s a live in Ukraine and I would
for Sam’s a live in Ukraine and I would like to explain you from the beginning
like to explain you from the beginning
like to explain you from the beginning why I don’t like the job of sleeper and
why I don’t like the job of sleeper and
why I don’t like the job of sleeper and baby that this term has been invent by a
baby that this term has been invent by a
baby that this term has been invent by a journalist in the beginning of 2000 and
journalist in the beginning of 2000 and
journalist in the beginning of 2000 and from son Dallas point of view it is very
from son Dallas point of view it is very
from son Dallas point of view it is very attractive apparent babies like
attractive apparent babies like
attractive apparent babies like sensation but they’ve lost our patients
sensation but they’ve lost our patients
sensation but they’ve lost our patients the first baby or visual porno cluster
the first baby or visual porno cluster
the first baby or visual porno cluster Anzio she said miss that I hate system I
Anzio she said miss that I hate system I
Anzio she said miss that I hate system I think that it’s Hauer destroys a human
think that it’s Hauer destroys a human
think that it’s Hauer destroys a human being and human respecting it is not
being and human respecting it is not
being and human respecting it is not repaired baby
repaired baby
repaired baby it’s baby my of my husband or its babies
it’s baby my of my husband or its babies
it’s baby my of my husband or its babies of love because we are loved
of love because we are loved
of love because we are loved we’re children
[Music] [Applause]
then I accept this invitation to make
then I accept this invitation to make the presentation in 10 weeks with the
the presentation in 10 weeks with the
the presentation in 10 weeks with the name nuclear transplantation or why I
name nuclear transplantation or why I
name nuclear transplantation or why I don’t like the terms repair and baby
don’t like the terms repair and baby
don’t like the terms repair and baby that the following question arose why it
that the following question arose why it
that the following question arose why it will be really interesting for
will be really interesting for
will be really interesting for non-professional audience how it will be
non-professional audience how it will be
non-professional audience how it will be compatible with the general atmosphere
compatible with the general atmosphere
compatible with the general atmosphere of TEDx and why the society is so very
of TEDx and why the society is so very
of TEDx and why the society is so very for our experiments for clinical
for our experiments for clinical
for our experiments for clinical investigations and I would like to ask a
investigations and I would like to ask a
investigations and I would like to ask a very simple question for this audience
very simple question for this audience
very simple question for this audience who knows what is meaning the Domus
who knows what is meaning the Domus
who knows what is meaning the Domus reburied parents so parents baby please
reburied parents so parents baby please
reburied parents so parents baby please push your hands who knows about this
according to my preliminary measurement
according to my preliminary measurement only few people even heard about this
only few people even heard about this
only few people even heard about this job and I would like and I will try to
job and I would like and I will try to
job and I would like and I will try to explain what is it meaning if you have
explain what is it meaning if you have
explain what is it meaning if you have the under salted cucumbers what are you
the under salted cucumbers what are you
the under salted cucumbers what are you doing you add the salt and also our
doing you add the salt and also our
doing you add the salt and also our technologist IVF technologist is
technologist IVF technologist is
technologist IVF technologist is combined for the Eden of salt to
combined for the Eden of salt to
combined for the Eden of salt to increase in the environment for the
increase in the environment for the
increase in the environment for the embryos but sometimes it could not help
embryos but sometimes it could not help
embryos but sometimes it could not help and easy situation it will be better to
and easy situation it will be better to
and easy situation it will be better to transform this goombahs is a fresh
transform this goombahs is a fresh
transform this goombahs is a fresh solution it is the main thing which
solution it is the main thing which
solution it is the main thing which could explain of the grain of our
could explain of the grain of our
could explain of the grain of our experiments but I would like to begin
experiments but I would like to begin
experiments but I would like to begin from the beginning what I mean that the
from the beginning what I mean that the
from the beginning what I mean that the IVF year begins in the was a humanity in
IVF year begins in the was a humanity in
IVF year begins in the was a humanity in July 1878 that in this day it was
July 1878 that in this day it was
July 1878 that in this day it was delivered the first IVF babies a baby
delivered the first IVF babies a baby
delivered the first IVF babies a baby which conceived outside the body of
which conceived outside the body of
which conceived outside the body of mothers in this embryo has been
mothers in this embryo has been
mothers in this embryo has been transferred
transferred
transferred inside the uterus of the masa and it was
inside the uterus of the masa and it was
inside the uterus of the masa and it was a big brakes roll the pioneers of this
investigation and it was the Robert
investigation and it was the Robert Edwards Patrick’s install and in 2010
Edwards Patrick’s install and in 2010
Edwards Patrick’s install and in 2010 Robert Elvis has been awarded by the
Robert Elvis has been awarded by the
Robert Elvis has been awarded by the Nobel Prize for this great backs row for
Nobel Prize for this great backs row for
Nobel Prize for this great backs row for all humanity and for 2018 around 8
all humanity and for 2018 around 8
all humanity and for 2018 around 8 million babies was born over the world
million babies was born over the world
million babies was born over the world but what is a stage of this kind of
but what is a stage of this kind of
but what is a stage of this kind of treatment I would like to remind you the
treatment I would like to remind you the
treatment I would like to remind you the first stage it is a hormonal stimulation
first stage it is a hormonal stimulation
first stage it is a hormonal stimulation after these adopters received their all
after these adopters received their all
after these adopters received their all sides from the woman another stage it is
sides from the woman another stage it is
sides from the woman another stage it is edging this film for the embryos and the
edging this film for the embryos and the
edging this film for the embryos and the last stage in transversal embryos it is
last stage in transversal embryos it is
last stage in transversal embryos it is very simple procedure and counted me in
very simple procedure and counted me in
very simple procedure and counted me in the end of 80s and I begin to work in
the end of 80s and I begin to work in
the end of 80s and I begin to work in this field of the medical investigation
this field of the medical investigation
this field of the medical investigation medical practice and in the beginning
medical practice and in the beginning
medical practice and in the beginning everything very simple and very
everything very simple and very
everything very simple and very understandable that you receive the eggs
understandable that you receive the eggs
understandable that you receive the eggs makes the fertilization of the eggs and
makes the fertilization of the eggs and
makes the fertilization of the eggs and after this transfers embryos and after
after this transfers embryos and after
after this transfers embryos and after this is two weeks of the expectation or
this is two weeks of the expectation or
this is two weeks of the expectation or you receive their success or it will be
you receive their success or it will be
you receive their success or it will be suffer you but in the late of 90s I have
suffer you but in the late of 90s I have
suffer you but in the late of 90s I have met first in my practical situation when
met first in my practical situation when
met first in my practical situation when the embryos stops growing in the day to
the embryos stops growing in the day to
the embryos stops growing in the day to day three and they did not develop more
day three and they did not develop more
day three and they did not develop more you could see in the left picture the
you could see in the left picture the
you could see in the left picture the development of the normal embryo and in
development of the normal embryo and in
development of the normal embryo and in the right corner of every picture if you
the right corner of every picture if you
the right corner of every picture if you have counting of the hours Umbreon is
have counting of the hours Umbreon is
have counting of the hours Umbreon is developed but the right picture Zambian
developed but the right picture Zambian
developed but the right picture Zambian developed by the not proper way and they
developed by the not proper way and they
developed by the not proper way and they stopped their development
stopped their development
stopped their development and I would like to remind you that
and I would like to remind you that
and I would like to remind you that first time in my life I have met the
first time in my life I have met the
first time in my life I have met the situation in the end of 90s we try to
situation in the end of 90s we try to
situation in the end of 90s we try to help these patients make a lot of
help these patients make a lot of
help these patients make a lot of attempts but in spite of this we could
attempts but in spite of this we could
attempts but in spite of this we could not achieve the pregnancy and we
not achieve the pregnancy and we
not achieve the pregnancy and we proposed for this lady for this woman
proposed for this lady for this woman
proposed for this lady for this woman the using of Donna’s eggs which she was
the using of Donna’s eggs which she was
the using of Donna’s eggs which she was a pregnancy in the first cycle she’ll
a pregnancy in the first cycle she’ll
a pregnancy in the first cycle she’ll deliver two very pretty beautiful baby
deliver two very pretty beautiful baby
deliver two very pretty beautiful baby girls but she said me later that it was
girls but she said me later that it was
girls but she said me later that it was a big psychological blow of your the
a big psychological blow of your the
a big psychological blow of your the understanding that she would she could
understanding that she would she could
understanding that she would she could not have say her own baby
not have say her own baby
not have say her own baby time by time we met the situation in our
time by time we met the situation in our
time by time we met the situation in our practice but nobody over the world could
practice but nobody over the world could
practice but nobody over the world could propose anything except say using of
propose anything except say using of
propose anything except say using of donor eggs and only in 2003 so I have
donor eggs and only in 2003 so I have
donor eggs and only in 2003 so I have read the publication of this doctor dr.
read the publication of this doctor dr.
read the publication of this doctor dr. Zhang who achieves a pregnancy after the
Zhang who achieves a pregnancy after the
Zhang who achieves a pregnancy after the reconstitution of sprinklin Co by
reconstitution of sprinklin Co by
reconstitution of sprinklin Co by Pronovias & Co but unfortunately this
Pronovias & Co but unfortunately this
Pronovias & Co but unfortunately this pregnancy has been stopped and babies
pregnancy has been stopped and babies
pregnancy has been stopped and babies did not survive but at least it will be
did not survive but at least it will be
did not survive but at least it will be the beginning of you era unfortunately
the beginning of you era unfortunately
the beginning of you era unfortunately in this time American Food and Drug
in this time American Food and Drug
in this time American Food and Drug Administration’s FDA banned all this
Administration’s FDA banned all this
Administration’s FDA banned all this procedure in the United States and over
procedure in the United States and over
procedure in the United States and over the world and everything has been
the world and everything has been
the world and everything has been stopped all of this investigation is it
stopped all of this investigation is it
stopped all of this investigation is it I understand for non-professional to
I understand for non-professional to
I understand for non-professional to Turin auditorium it is very difficult to
Turin auditorium it is very difficult to
Turin auditorium it is very difficult to understand the core of this procedure
understand the core of this procedure
understand the core of this procedure and in this picture you could see how it
and in this picture you could see how it
and in this picture you could see how it move it that in the left side he sees a
move it that in the left side he sees a
move it that in the left side he sees a patient egg in the right side you see
patient egg in the right side you see
patient egg in the right side you see the donor eggs the eggs fertilized by
the donor eggs the eggs fertilized by
the donor eggs the eggs fertilized by the sperm and after this the doctors
the sperm and after this the doctors
the sperm and after this the doctors controls the development of embryos and
controls the development of embryos and
controls the development of embryos and after receiving of these nuclear
after receiving of these nuclear
after receiving of these nuclear materials genetic materials of father
materials genetic materials of father
materials genetic materials of father mother so-called pronucleus
mother so-called pronucleus
mother so-called pronucleus they push out this genetical material
they push out this genetical material
they push out this genetical material from the zygote it is the name of the
from the zygote it is the name of the
from the zygote it is the name of the one cell of embryo and transfer this
one cell of embryo and transfer this
one cell of embryo and transfer this pronucleus in the door our sitter plasm
pronucleus in the door our sitter plasm
pronucleus in the door our sitter plasm as a result guru seems a reconstructed
as a result guru seems a reconstructed
as a result guru seems a reconstructed embryo which contained in the nucleus
embryo which contained in the nucleus
embryo which contained in the nucleus DNA father and mother and sister plasm
DNA father and mother and sister plasm
DNA father and mother and sister plasm very few genes of the donor and when
very few genes of the donor and when
very few genes of the donor and when this experiment has been begins a
this experiment has been begins a
this experiment has been begins a journalist invents the name of this
journalist invents the name of this
journalist invents the name of this procedure sorry parent baby because the
procedure sorry parent baby because the
procedure sorry parent baby because the baby has a Jana father Massa and Donnell
baby has a Jana father Massa and Donnell
baby has a Jana father Massa and Donnell and I would like to remind you this
and I would like to remind you this
and I would like to remind you this procedure has been stopped but
procedure has been stopped but
procedure has been stopped but scientists scientific development is
scientists scientific development is
scientists scientific development is contingent and it was a lot of
contingent and it was a lot of
contingent and it was a lot of experiments in the animal models in mice
experiments in the animal models in mice
experiments in the animal models in mice and 2010 the American group of Mythili
and 2010 the American group of Mythili
and 2010 the American group of Mythili puff produce the first monkeys after
puff produce the first monkeys after
puff produce the first monkeys after this procedure after the pronucleus
this procedure after the pronucleus
this procedure after the pronucleus transfer and it was like the engine of
transfer and it was like the engine of
transfer and it was like the engine of the experimental era and the beginning
the experimental era and the beginning
the experimental era and the beginning of the clinical because the logic of
of the clinical because the logic of
of the clinical because the logic of scientific development the first of all
scientific development the first of all
scientific development the first of all animals that is the next phase phase its
animals that is the next phase phase its
animals that is the next phase phase its the studies on the non-human primate and
the studies on the non-human primate and
the studies on the non-human primate and the next test object is a human and in
the next test object is a human and in
the next test object is a human and in 2015 United Kingdom Parliament first in
2015 United Kingdom Parliament first in
2015 United Kingdom Parliament first in the life in the adult accepted the law
the life in the adult accepted the law
the life in the adult accepted the law about the legality of this procedure in
about the legality of this procedure in
about the legality of this procedure in United Kingdom before this it was a lot
United Kingdom before this it was a lot
United Kingdom before this it was a lot experiment and I would like to explain
experiment and I would like to explain
experiment and I would like to explain what is the indication which push the
what is the indication which push the
what is the indication which push the United Kingdom Parliament to accept this
United Kingdom Parliament to accept this
United Kingdom Parliament to accept this procedure it is the special class of the
procedure it is the special class of the
procedure it is the special class of the with mitochondrial diseases and this
with mitochondrial diseases and this
with mitochondrial diseases and this mitochondrial diseases is what is the
mitochondrial diseases is what is the
mitochondrial diseases is what is the reason of mitochondria
reason of mitochondria
reason of mitochondria diseases that I said use it our nucleus
diseases that I said use it our nucleus
diseases that I said use it our nucleus contained 25,000 genes or fossa and masa
contained 25,000 genes or fossa and masa
contained 25,000 genes or fossa and masa and Zi 37 genes
and Zi 37 genes
and Zi 37 genes it contains inside the cytoplasm and if
it contains inside the cytoplasm and if
it contains inside the cytoplasm and if it is a mutation in these jeans
it is a mutation in these jeans
it is a mutation in these jeans the woman is courier of these genes she
the woman is courier of these genes she
the woman is courier of these genes she could deliver sick babies very severe
could deliver sick babies very severe
could deliver sick babies very severe diseases so called mitochondrial
diseases so called mitochondrial
diseases so called mitochondrial diseases and the history of this simple
diseases and the history of this simple
diseases and the history of this simple lady from the small town in England
lady from the small town in England
lady from the small town in England Sunderland it was a pushin for United
Sunderland it was a pushin for United
Sunderland it was a pushin for United Kingdom Parliament to accept this law
Kingdom Parliament to accept this law
Kingdom Parliament to accept this law this lady lost seven children she
this lady lost seven children she
this lady lost seven children she delivered six babies who died in the
delivered six babies who died in the
delivered six babies who died in the neonatal period and only one his son
neonatal period and only one his son
neonatal period and only one his son Eduardo survived and he died at 25 year
Eduardo survived and he died at 25 year
Eduardo survived and he died at 25 year and this lady understood that only this
and this lady understood that only this
and this lady understood that only this procedure could help you and she wrote
procedure could help you and she wrote
procedure could help you and she wrote very smart thoughts from my point of
very smart thoughts from my point of
very smart thoughts from my point of view it is not about being selfish it’s
view it is not about being selfish it’s
view it is not about being selfish it’s not about wanting designer babies it’s
not about wanting designer babies it’s
not about wanting designer babies it’s not about doing injustice to people with
not about doing injustice to people with
not about doing injustice to people with disabilities it’s about trying to create
disabilities it’s about trying to create
disabilities it’s about trying to create a healthy baby it’s about trying to give
a healthy baby it’s about trying to give
a healthy baby it’s about trying to give a child a future and this law has been
a child a future and this law has been
a child a future and this law has been accepted in 2015 like I said by United
accepted in 2015 like I said by United
accepted in 2015 like I said by United Kingdom Parliament and for this moment
Kingdom Parliament and for this moment
Kingdom Parliament and for this moment it is only one country over the world
it is only one country over the world
it is only one country over the world which has a law for legality of this you
which has a law for legality of this you
which has a law for legality of this you could ask what is the situation in
could ask what is the situation in
could ask what is the situation in Ukraine in Ukraine via is a golden
Ukraine in Ukraine via is a golden
Ukraine in Ukraine via is a golden middle of the country without regulation
middle of the country without regulation
middle of the country without regulation of this procedure but all our fallen
of this procedure but all our fallen
of this procedure but all our fallen experiments approved like the clinical
experiments approved like the clinical
experiments approved like the clinical trial by our scientific research
trial by our scientific research
trial by our scientific research department but what is the history of
department but what is the history of
department but what is the history of the relevant of this approach in Ukraine
the relevant of this approach in Ukraine
the relevant of this approach in Ukraine in 2013 embryologist Pablo Massa
in 2013 embryologist Pablo Massa
in 2013 embryologist Pablo Massa proposed us to begin the experimental is
proposed us to begin the experimental is
proposed us to begin the experimental is no clearance
no clearance
no clearance clearly I concern for this experiment
clearly I concern for this experiment
clearly I concern for this experiment like volunteer experimental job and in
like volunteer experimental job and in
like volunteer experimental job and in the beginning we could not receive their
the beginning we could not receive their
the beginning we could not receive their construction after this we could not
construction after this we could not
construction after this we could not receive the development of embryos and
receive the development of embryos and
receive the development of embryos and our first embryos has some genetical
our first embryos has some genetical
our first embryos has some genetical defects which could not give us
defects which could not give us
defects which could not give us possibility to transfer us a woman but
possibility to transfer us a woman but
possibility to transfer us a woman but once we found the embryos after
once we found the embryos after
once we found the embryos after construction which has been genetically
construction which has been genetically
construction which has been genetically normal very interesting the history of
normal very interesting the history of
normal very interesting the history of this woman she has the 34 years she has
this woman she has the 34 years she has
this woman she has the 34 years she has the 14 years the unsuccessful
the 14 years the unsuccessful
the 14 years the unsuccessful infertility treatment and as a result it
infertility treatment and as a result it
infertility treatment and as a result it was the first normal Umbreon during his
was the first normal Umbreon during his
was the first normal Umbreon during his life from one point of view he
life from one point of view he
life from one point of view he understood that we have met this
understood that we have met this
understood that we have met this situation but from another point of view
situation but from another point of view
situation but from another point of view we must be faced with the hands of very
we must be faced with the hands of very
we must be faced with the hands of very simple question that if we achieve the
simple question that if we achieve the
simple question that if we achieve the pregnancy this baby will be healthy or
pregnancy this baby will be healthy or
pregnancy this baby will be healthy or not no but over the world could answer
not no but over the world could answer
not no but over the world could answer for this moment for this question and
for this moment for this question and
for this moment for this question and our prediction has been based for the
our prediction has been based for the
our prediction has been based for the scientific investigations with animal
scientific investigations with animal
scientific investigations with animal models for the nonhuman permit and sure
models for the nonhuman permit and sure
models for the nonhuman permit and sure after the written consent of the patient
after the written consent of the patient
after the written consent of the patient we transform the embryos and achieve the
we transform the embryos and achieve the
we transform the embryos and achieve the pregnancy it was very surprising for us
pregnancy it was very surprising for us
pregnancy it was very surprising for us that we wait until the 12 weeks and 12
that we wait until the 12 weeks and 12
that we wait until the 12 weeks and 12 weeks we organize a press conference and
weeks we organize a press conference and
weeks we organize a press conference and inform that we achieve the first promo
inform that we achieve the first promo
inform that we achieve the first promo class transfer pregnancy over the world
class transfer pregnancy over the world
class transfer pregnancy over the world we have wait this situation yes
but I would like to show you again this
but I would like to show you again this dr. Zhang he is my friend
dr. Zhang he is my friend
dr. Zhang he is my friend we have met in Ukraine in 2013 you call
we have met in Ukraine in 2013 you call
we have met in Ukraine in 2013 you call in the clinic and said I would like to
in the clinic and said I would like to
in the clinic and said I would like to visit a clinic I am in cave when I asked
visit a clinic I am in cave when I asked
visit a clinic I am in cave when I asked him when why did you come in here he
him when why did you come in here he
him when why did you come in here he said my wife she’s from Ukraine and I
said my wife she’s from Ukraine and I
said my wife she’s from Ukraine and I came for my advice family it was a
came for my advice family it was a
came for my advice family it was a private visit we continue our friendship
private visit we continue our friendship
private visit we continue our friendship but for this moment we don’t how to
but for this moment we don’t how to
but for this moment we don’t how to continue to discuss an equation about
continue to discuss an equation about
continue to discuss an equation about nuclear transfers that his investigation
nuclear transfers that his investigation
nuclear transfers that his investigation investigation provided separately but in
investigation provided separately but in
investigation provided separately but in September 2016
September 2016
September 2016 the or information adjacency over the
the or information adjacency over the
the or information adjacency over the world inform that first repairing baby
world inform that first repairing baby
world inform that first repairing baby was born the baby was born in April 2016
was born the baby was born in April 2016
was born the baby was born in April 2016 it was the baby after the spindle
it was the baby after the spindle
it was the baby after the spindle another procedure transfer but it was a
another procedure transfer but it was a
another procedure transfer but it was a sleeper in baby and the mass of this
sleeper in baby and the mass of this
sleeper in baby and the mass of this baby has to six children few pure died
baby has to six children few pure died
baby has to six children few pure died in the early age after the mitochondrial
in the early age after the mitochondrial
in the early age after the mitochondrial diseases said clearly it was not very
diseases said clearly it was not very
diseases said clearly it was not very pleasant information for me because sure
pleasant information for me because sure
pleasant information for me because sure that we hope to be thrust over the world
that we hope to be thrust over the world
that we hope to be thrust over the world but our overcame my cellos and
but our overcame my cellos and
but our overcame my cellos and congratulate in this day dr. Zhang and
congratulate in this day dr. Zhang and
congratulate in this day dr. Zhang and after this he invited us for the
after this he invited us for the
after this he invited us for the conference in New York and we begin to
conference in New York and we begin to
conference in New York and we begin to continue I see in scientific
continue I see in scientific
continue I see in scientific collaboration but who is the first that
collaboration but who is the first that
collaboration but who is the first that I would like to explain is difference
I would like to explain is difference
I would like to explain is difference between this procedure that the doctors
between this procedure that the doctors
between this procedure that the doctors am use another method of the creation of
am use another method of the creation of
am use another method of the creation of the embryos reconstruction that as I
the embryos reconstruction that as I
the embryos reconstruction that as I showed first of all if at all SX and
showed first of all if at all SX and
showed first of all if at all SX and after this that makes a reconstruction
after this that makes a reconstruction
after this that makes a reconstruction and Institute’s is dr. Zhang
and Institute’s is dr. Zhang
and Institute’s is dr. Zhang first of all reconstruct the eggs and
first of all reconstruct the eggs and
first of all reconstruct the eggs and the facism X’s utilization in the
the facism X’s utilization in the
the facism X’s utilization in the spindle as a results that our baby is
spindle as a results that our baby is
spindle as a results that our baby is the second trip we’re in baby over the
the second trip we’re in baby over the
the second trip we’re in baby over the world and the first baby after the
world and the first baby after the
world and the first baby after the pro-nuke last and CEO over the world and
pro-nuke last and CEO over the world and
pro-nuke last and CEO over the world and the first after spindle and on the one
the first after spindle and on the one
the first after spindle and on the one it is our baby was born in general or
it is our baby was born in general or
it is our baby was born in general or 2017 this girl goes can see and it was
2017 this girl goes can see and it was
2017 this girl goes can see and it was the first baby over the world after the
the first baby over the world after the
the first baby over the world after the pronoun class transfer what is the next
pronoun class transfer what is the next
pronoun class transfer what is the next first of all for this moment he achieves
first of all for this moment he achieves
first of all for this moment he achieves the delivering of the four babies even
the delivering of the four babies even
the delivering of the four babies even for women a pregnant that our main goal
for women a pregnant that our main goal
for women a pregnant that our main goal of our investigations the detection of
of our investigations the detection of
of our investigations the detection of indication for this procedure and the
indication for this procedure and the
indication for this procedure and the National questions that we continuously
National questions that we continuously
National questions that we continuously following up of the babies because for
following up of the babies because for
following up of the babies because for this memo moment that only five babies
this memo moment that only five babies
this memo moment that only five babies over the world disrepair and status and
over the world disrepair and status and
over the world disrepair and status and for Sam’s a live in Ukraine and I would
for Sam’s a live in Ukraine and I would
for Sam’s a live in Ukraine and I would like to explain you from the beginning
like to explain you from the beginning
like to explain you from the beginning why I don’t like the job of sleeper and
why I don’t like the job of sleeper and
why I don’t like the job of sleeper and baby that this term has been invent by a
baby that this term has been invent by a
baby that this term has been invent by a journalist in the beginning of 2000 and
journalist in the beginning of 2000 and
journalist in the beginning of 2000 and from son Dallas point of view it is very
from son Dallas point of view it is very
from son Dallas point of view it is very attractive apparent babies like
attractive apparent babies like
attractive apparent babies like sensation but they’ve lost our patients
sensation but they’ve lost our patients
sensation but they’ve lost our patients the first baby or visual porno cluster
the first baby or visual porno cluster
the first baby or visual porno cluster Anzio she said miss that I hate system I
Anzio she said miss that I hate system I
Anzio she said miss that I hate system I think that it’s Hauer destroys a human
think that it’s Hauer destroys a human
think that it’s Hauer destroys a human being and human respecting it is not
being and human respecting it is not
being and human respecting it is not repaired baby
repaired baby
repaired baby it’s baby my of my husband or its babies
it’s baby my of my husband or its babies
it’s baby my of my husband or its babies of love because we are loved
of love because we are loved
of love because we are loved we’re children
Please follow and like us: