so you all know the feeling if you are
sitting in an airplane
somebody is needing in your back and you
feel awkward all these germs and all
these viruses in your back you think is
it just a cold or is it a flu is it
perhaps something more serious is it
Ebola or SARS we all feel awkward if you
see that you hear that sneezing
distributed by a vert condition it’s a
strange feeling and we think don’t we
have drugs to cure these diseases and to
keep us safe yeah we have a lot of drugs
around
we have chemists we have scientists
producing everyday a lot and thousands
and millions of drugs but they don’t
come to the market why is that so most
of our drugs which are produced they
take a long time to come to the market
and what they actually do is they need
to go through a lot of different
experiments such as animal testings and
we have three million animal tests since
a year but only 46 medications can come
out to the market every year and this
shows you that we don’t have the
medications for all the diseases for all
the to cure all the diseases and
defectors diseases we have around
nowadays why is that so we also have no
experiments that make the drugs safe for
our children our children’s are them the
the in fact they have to be test persons
for all the medications because the
medications they get this is the
medication what we take but we don’t
know whether they can take it so most of
the medications that come to the market
undergo a lot of different experiments
and most of these experiments are done
in animals and the results from the
animal testings are not always
transferable to the humans so in the
clinical studies with the humans many of
the patients suffer severe side effects
all the drug is not even effect
efficient so how is the drug basically
designed so we start to bring one
medication to the market we start out
with ten thousands of different drug
candidates these ten thousand drug
candidates end up in different
experiments like in vitro studies test
tube studies and then 250 of them come
into the animal studies the out of these
250 still fifty of these drug candidates
reach the patients in the clinical
studies and only one medication is
coming to the market meaning that 49 of
these drugs are having severe side
effects and patients but imagine we can
replace these animal studies into
something what is called the human on
the chip you have a little chip
something like this here what I have in
my hand which is have which is basically
homing all the very important organs of
a human on a chip then we probably might
get only one drug candidate into the
clinical studies and this only one drug
can also go to the market this would be
in a nice scenario so we can reduce the
animal studies and also we make our drug
testing safer how can we do that so
usually in pharmacology in in pharma
industries the drugs are first tested in
cells in human cells this is the only
test what they do in humans before they
reach the clinical studies and here the
cells are basically cultured in a 2d
environment can you imagine yourself in
a 2d environment your flat your not flat
you are 3d you have a lot of different
organs they look differently they are
compartmentalized and you face really
also mechanical forces by just walking
stretching and also you have temperature
sensitive targets here and this is
making you a 2d model not a good model
to really test the drugs so imagine you
can just switch to a 3d model
to a 3d model we call it we can put this
on such a little chip and this is what
was done in my lab a couple of years ago
we wanted to culture all these cells in
a 3d environment making these cells
feeling homey homey as they are in an
organ like a liver or a kidney or a
brain but what about the nutrients how
can the nutrients come to a 3d
subculture and there for we developed a
vasculature so a blood vessel system
which gives all the gases the drugs and
the nutrients to them 3d environment and
we call it here the microfluidic
vasculature which is from artificial
plastic it’s formed by plastic and it’s
actually done like a ubud cup and your
refrigerator you see here the yogurt cup
and the artificial blood vessel eater
and blood vessel system which is just
tiny tiny compared to the ubud cup but
it works it’s a porous plastic channel
system round channel system and this can
be flooded by blood it is produced by
just heat and pressure in a channel
structure the channels are then glued
into this little chip and then you have
your blood vessel system you see it here
in a diameter and then you basically
take this blood vessel system and print
with a 3d printer your organs you will
say okay printing yeah you can do that
today 3d printing we heard a lot today
already about 3d printing and then you
print organ one and organ to organ three
like a kidney the liver the brain and
all the very important organ onto the
vasculature blood vessel system and then
you connect this all to a blood
circulation and bring all the nutrients
drugs and everything to this little chip
so and then what is coming out then so
you basically take it as a patient you
monitor all the vital with the vital
factors like for example the blood flow
the blood pressure all the metabolism
what is coming out of this
as you do in intensive care units in the
patients so I told you about bio
printing 3d printing of organs how
that’s at work this is not a future
anymore its presence you don’t believe
it but it is present already and we are
facing a new era even of making larger
organs for transplantation how does that
work you see here a drawing you which
was done a long time ago when the first
thought of bio printing came across and
physician thought is a good opportunity
to print a 3d pumping heart in AU lopaka
drug you de pekka printer so when I
started out doing my research you see
here the meat from my my refrigerator
it’s not printed on this printer but
actually most of the printers the 3d
printing processes that started actually
with a youlet pocket dust jet printer
and we printed organs by just exchanging
the color of the cartridges with human
samples human tissues human cells as you
see here so you could basically replace
the toner by the cells and then print
and the only thing what you have to do
is lifting basically the paper up and
down to get a 3d object so it works
exactly the same and if you want to try
it at home you can do because it’s
working so now I show you a little more
sophisticated printer which is now in
the lab and it’s doing the same job and
you see here printing an ear which you
see right there it’s an ear which is
smaller than the normal ear it’s just a
2 centimeters in diameter but you can
print with such a printer in a very fast
time larger objects larger specimens
which are composed of different cells of
your body and you can even do it in the
same shape as in your body yeah for the
organs on a chip you can imagine if you
put that on it on a little chip they
have to be small they are just a cubic
millimeter and a little bit bigger too
get all the functions of a right liver
of the brain of the kidney so imagine
you print brains here you see printed
neurons printed nerve cells which are
communicating to each other you see here
a printed liver the liver which is
basically also composed of gall bladders
of called bile ducts and you see here in
green you can do that by a printer it’s
presented in 2d but it is in real life
it is in 3d so imagine you do it not for
many organs but just for one organ in a
one organ ship as you see here you see
here the blood vessels you see the blood
vessels when they are just having blood
and they are spreading it to the
different tissues so you see that the
function here of the blood vessel to
support the neurons with basically
nutrients is working but what we have to
do now is to make it plug and play so
that pharma industry can just put it
into a drawer and say ok I keep it there
for 90 days and then I find out how the
patient is reacting you know so here you
see first attempt to make it in a in a
more plug-and-play version where we
culture all these chips but the most
beautiful thing of that is basically
it’s not only the testing of drugs for
the pharmaceutical industry but it’s the
chip you can design for yourself
imagine this chip is not only for farmer
but it is for you so to keep it
basically you see here all these people
are different you look around here all
the people are looking different they
are genetically different they are
different in their behavior they are
different in their thoughts they are
different in their how they look but
also that Jain their genes are usually
different no imagine you can have a chip
for yourself to test all the drugs on
the market on your own chip you
basically have the one drug you need for
your treatment you go to the doctor and
say ok this I need a medication and the
doctor says okay you take already
aspirin and you take
other drugs and beta blockers on
whatsoever but you need a new drug and
we have to we don’t know whether this is
comparable and compatible to each other
so you ask him and say okay take my trip
and test it and then you get the best
medication you need so what do you have
to do for this so you can use that chip
in the future you go and take your stem
cells and bring it to a liquid nitrogen
to spell to store your stem cells you
can do that from your kids when the kids
are born and you get the umbilical cord
during giving birth and then make the
chip the tip of your children for the
next future and the research in
personalized medicine and I want to
thank you and then hope you get the idea
how to print human organs in
miniaturized form on these kind of chips
thank you
[Applause]
sitting in an airplane
somebody is needing in your back and you
feel awkward all these germs and all
these viruses in your back you think is
it just a cold or is it a flu is it
perhaps something more serious is it
Ebola or SARS we all feel awkward if you
see that you hear that sneezing
distributed by a vert condition it’s a
strange feeling and we think don’t we
have drugs to cure these diseases and to
keep us safe yeah we have a lot of drugs
around
we have chemists we have scientists
producing everyday a lot and thousands
and millions of drugs but they don’t
come to the market why is that so most
of our drugs which are produced they
take a long time to come to the market
and what they actually do is they need
to go through a lot of different
experiments such as animal testings and
we have three million animal tests since
a year but only 46 medications can come
out to the market every year and this
shows you that we don’t have the
medications for all the diseases for all
the to cure all the diseases and
defectors diseases we have around
nowadays why is that so we also have no
experiments that make the drugs safe for
our children our children’s are them the
the in fact they have to be test persons
for all the medications because the
medications they get this is the
medication what we take but we don’t
know whether they can take it so most of
the medications that come to the market
undergo a lot of different experiments
and most of these experiments are done
in animals and the results from the
animal testings are not always
transferable to the humans so in the
clinical studies with the humans many of
the patients suffer severe side effects
all the drug is not even effect
efficient so how is the drug basically
designed so we start to bring one
medication to the market we start out
with ten thousands of different drug
candidates these ten thousand drug
candidates end up in different
experiments like in vitro studies test
tube studies and then 250 of them come
into the animal studies the out of these
250 still fifty of these drug candidates
reach the patients in the clinical
studies and only one medication is
coming to the market meaning that 49 of
these drugs are having severe side
effects and patients but imagine we can
replace these animal studies into
something what is called the human on
the chip you have a little chip
something like this here what I have in
my hand which is have which is basically
homing all the very important organs of
a human on a chip then we probably might
get only one drug candidate into the
clinical studies and this only one drug
can also go to the market this would be
in a nice scenario so we can reduce the
animal studies and also we make our drug
testing safer how can we do that so
usually in pharmacology in in pharma
industries the drugs are first tested in
cells in human cells this is the only
test what they do in humans before they
reach the clinical studies and here the
cells are basically cultured in a 2d
environment can you imagine yourself in
a 2d environment your flat your not flat
you are 3d you have a lot of different
organs they look differently they are
compartmentalized and you face really
also mechanical forces by just walking
stretching and also you have temperature
sensitive targets here and this is
making you a 2d model not a good model
to really test the drugs so imagine you
can just switch to a 3d model
to a 3d model we call it we can put this
on such a little chip and this is what
was done in my lab a couple of years ago
we wanted to culture all these cells in
a 3d environment making these cells
feeling homey homey as they are in an
organ like a liver or a kidney or a
brain but what about the nutrients how
can the nutrients come to a 3d
subculture and there for we developed a
vasculature so a blood vessel system
which gives all the gases the drugs and
the nutrients to them 3d environment and
we call it here the microfluidic
vasculature which is from artificial
plastic it’s formed by plastic and it’s
actually done like a ubud cup and your
refrigerator you see here the yogurt cup
and the artificial blood vessel eater
and blood vessel system which is just
tiny tiny compared to the ubud cup but
it works it’s a porous plastic channel
system round channel system and this can
be flooded by blood it is produced by
just heat and pressure in a channel
structure the channels are then glued
into this little chip and then you have
your blood vessel system you see it here
in a diameter and then you basically
take this blood vessel system and print
with a 3d printer your organs you will
say okay printing yeah you can do that
today 3d printing we heard a lot today
already about 3d printing and then you
print organ one and organ to organ three
like a kidney the liver the brain and
all the very important organ onto the
vasculature blood vessel system and then
you connect this all to a blood
circulation and bring all the nutrients
drugs and everything to this little chip
so and then what is coming out then so
you basically take it as a patient you
monitor all the vital with the vital
factors like for example the blood flow
the blood pressure all the metabolism
what is coming out of this
as you do in intensive care units in the
patients so I told you about bio
printing 3d printing of organs how
that’s at work this is not a future
anymore its presence you don’t believe
it but it is present already and we are
facing a new era even of making larger
organs for transplantation how does that
work you see here a drawing you which
was done a long time ago when the first
thought of bio printing came across and
physician thought is a good opportunity
to print a 3d pumping heart in AU lopaka
drug you de pekka printer so when I
started out doing my research you see
here the meat from my my refrigerator
it’s not printed on this printer but
actually most of the printers the 3d
printing processes that started actually
with a youlet pocket dust jet printer
and we printed organs by just exchanging
the color of the cartridges with human
samples human tissues human cells as you
see here so you could basically replace
the toner by the cells and then print
and the only thing what you have to do
is lifting basically the paper up and
down to get a 3d object so it works
exactly the same and if you want to try
it at home you can do because it’s
working so now I show you a little more
sophisticated printer which is now in
the lab and it’s doing the same job and
you see here printing an ear which you
see right there it’s an ear which is
smaller than the normal ear it’s just a
2 centimeters in diameter but you can
print with such a printer in a very fast
time larger objects larger specimens
which are composed of different cells of
your body and you can even do it in the
same shape as in your body yeah for the
organs on a chip you can imagine if you
put that on it on a little chip they
have to be small they are just a cubic
millimeter and a little bit bigger too
get all the functions of a right liver
of the brain of the kidney so imagine
you print brains here you see printed
neurons printed nerve cells which are
communicating to each other you see here
a printed liver the liver which is
basically also composed of gall bladders
of called bile ducts and you see here in
green you can do that by a printer it’s
presented in 2d but it is in real life
it is in 3d so imagine you do it not for
many organs but just for one organ in a
one organ ship as you see here you see
here the blood vessels you see the blood
vessels when they are just having blood
and they are spreading it to the
different tissues so you see that the
function here of the blood vessel to
support the neurons with basically
nutrients is working but what we have to
do now is to make it plug and play so
that pharma industry can just put it
into a drawer and say ok I keep it there
for 90 days and then I find out how the
patient is reacting you know so here you
see first attempt to make it in a in a
more plug-and-play version where we
culture all these chips but the most
beautiful thing of that is basically
it’s not only the testing of drugs for
the pharmaceutical industry but it’s the
chip you can design for yourself
imagine this chip is not only for farmer
but it is for you so to keep it
basically you see here all these people
are different you look around here all
the people are looking different they
are genetically different they are
different in their behavior they are
different in their thoughts they are
different in their how they look but
also that Jain their genes are usually
different no imagine you can have a chip
for yourself to test all the drugs on
the market on your own chip you
basically have the one drug you need for
your treatment you go to the doctor and
say ok this I need a medication and the
doctor says okay you take already
aspirin and you take
other drugs and beta blockers on
whatsoever but you need a new drug and
we have to we don’t know whether this is
comparable and compatible to each other
so you ask him and say okay take my trip
and test it and then you get the best
medication you need so what do you have
to do for this so you can use that chip
in the future you go and take your stem
cells and bring it to a liquid nitrogen
to spell to store your stem cells you
can do that from your kids when the kids
are born and you get the umbilical cord
during giving birth and then make the
chip the tip of your children for the
next future and the research in
personalized medicine and I want to
thank you and then hope you get the idea
how to print human organs in
miniaturized form on these kind of chips
thank you
[Applause]
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