[Music]
avid alexander was a policeman in 1940
expert england
one day he suffered an accident that causes
a terrible infection because of his work
we would think that he suffered an accident in
a heroic act but it actually came out
one day to be the garden the thorn of a
blouse the answer hp and this causes a
infection so terrible that he lost his eye
and it spread through all the blood
thanks to the work dedicated scientists
as alexander fleming chlorite chopped already
was the penicillin in development and he
he became the first patient in
be treated with antibiotics
although it admits the stand of eventually
he died his case began the transformation
of treatment of infections
and is that before people did not die of
cancer or heart problems because
one simple infection died
infection
it was a death sentence
people used to live for 55 years today
our life expectancy exceeds
80 years and there are places in costa rica
where people live more than 100 years
many researchers attribute the
increase in life expectancy at
development of antibiotics
who here has ever taken
antibiotics
all or almost all and it’s human video if
you know what antibiotics are
antibiotics are chemical substances
that kill the bacteria or not
They allow us to continue growing helping
to the immune system to fight against
infections
but we have abused them they have become
thing every day and bacteria
they have evolved they have voted and they have
developed own skills for
resist antibiotics this has
led the phenomenon of resistance to
antibiotics
in this video from the medical school
from harvard we can see the mutation of the
bacterium
in this large petri dish there are 9 bands
with different concentrations of
antibiotics in the most out there’s no
antibiotic also in until the
minimal concentration with which they die
the bacteria ten times that
concentration 100 times and in the center
a thousand times
the background in black because there is paint and
we will see the bacteria appear in
White
once from the plate the bacteria
they begin to appear as they do
usually
until they meet the
antibiotic then they stop because
they can not survive until it appears
a mutant
and other mutants start appearing and
these voters are still spreading and
compete with each other
until they meet the next
antibiotic band to days kisses the
concentration and can not survive
then they mutate again
and they continue to spread and repeat this
process to 100 times the concentration of
antibiotics and only 11 days later
are able to withstand 1000 times the
amount the concentration of
antibiotics that a bacterium survives
normal is this accumulation of mutations
successful that allows bacteria
resist high concentrations of
antibiotics
in 2015 an elevated woman had a
infection that was persistent at 26 types
Antibiotic those are all
antibiotics available in usa so
with access to one of the best systems
of health in the world his infection
being intractable
and the problem of resistance to
antibiotics is not alien to us that
It’s my little cousin Sofia
Sophie is just six years old and her file
resistant to methicillin
what will happen when I go out to play as
all the other kids fall and go
thorn leg
like them all millions of people
are diagnosed with resistance to
antibiotics every year and those 700 thousand
people die
700 thousand people had an infection
that being treated with antibiotics does not
they could be cured effectively and
on time
nowadays if we have an infection
we go to the doctor and 9-7 antibiotics if
this is what antibiotics are for us
stronger and stronger and stronger but already
the bacteria have developed the
ability to resist antibiotics
They have noticed stronger to develop
a gene that gives them the ability to
resist antibiotics
in 2016 they did a study that
discovered the mc f1 gene that gives the
bacteria the ability to resist
antibiotic colistin which is one of the most
strong that exist but in addition it had
taken out of the market because I had severe
side effects but given the
magnitude of the problem has had to
bring back
and in the 18 months that they were
driving this study they were given
account that the gene was not only in
Indian but also in parts of Asia from
africa of europe in russia in canada and in
united states and although this map us
Latin America would think that we are
except the researchers presume that it is
because we do not have a good record of the
resistant infections
and actually this mutation of
bacteria is natural but with our
current use has accelerated and is a
extremely complex problem that goes further
beyond our consumption of antibiotics
more than 80% of antibiotics in the
market are used in livestock for
prevent infections and promote
growth of animals but this is
happens to the meat that we consume
And besides, not all antibiotics are
digested by animals so
they end up in the water with which we stick
the plants going back to the vegetables in
sources of resistance also
and these resistant bacteria come in
the environment in fact the place where
we are at greater risk of contracting
resistant infection is in the
hospitals the place where we should
feel safe
the world health organization
predicts that this problem is growing
at an exponential rate and that for the
2050 will cause 10 million deaths
annual
which means that the generation
that is born today on its 30 years will see more
people die for antibiotics existence
that for cancer
is for data like this that is presumed
that we are entering the post era
antibiotics where we can lose this
tool that is crucial to our
lifestyle
if antibiotics we would lose
protection for patients
immunocompromised including the most
of 10,000 Costa Ricans with hiv of the
cancer patients to patients who
they have received a transplant
we would lose the surgeries
since antibiotics are given
prophylactic or preventive way to
almost all surgeries
we would live in a world similar to that of
1900 when a skin infection was
equal to an amputation
when we lost one in 100
women in childbirth and when pneumonia
took three out of ten children
how would we live our lives if
We knew that a simple infection
You can finish her
however today I come from the air not only
of the extent of the problem but
also of possible solutions
given the extent and magnitude of this
problem groups around the world
are working on proposing new
solutions from new antibiotics
synthetic programs to control the
use of antibiotic solutions
natural and alternative treatments
and last year I had the opportunity to
attend a show represent
Costa Rica where we learned about the
technologies
to positively impact the
people was where I met my
team and it was as well as a team
composed of Latinos we started to
fight one of the vetoes health
biggest we face today
We have dedicated we have decided on Carlos
to our full-time project and
join that group of people who
they look for a solution for this problem
and ours will be developing
a platform that modifies viruses for
take away the ability of bacteria
resist antibiotics
we’re going to veto the assumption that
viruses are just bad and transform them into
our best allies since the
enemy in common in this case are the
bacteria
we are going to modify viruses that only affect
bacteria are called bacteriophages are in
actually the most common microorganisms
that exist on the planet exist where
whether there are bacteria
and we are going to modify them to carry
the system of christ to bacteria and
this destroys the resistance genes
sad is an engineering tool
genetics
that allows us to edit the DNA by
first time in our history we can
edit our genome which defines us
as the human arm and as people and
which until recently
we considered static
chris but it covers naturally the
bacteria but in 2012 scientists
they discovered a way you should schedule it
and turn it into a tool of
genetic engineering
that you have a lot of potential already
that with him we can destroy organisms
harmful we can also edit errors
within the genetic code and has been
recognized as the future of medicine
the scientific pillar of our team
He has been working for more than 5 years
laboratory where this was discovered
technology
our proposal works if the
bacteriophages or viruses scan the
microorganism let’s see
looking for resistant bacteria
when they find it, they stick
insert their genetic code
once inside the bacteria the
krispy proteins are expressed and cut
the resistance genes taking away the
bacteria the ability to resist
antibiotics and making them vulnerable
again
since antibiotics develop the
bacteria develop resistance to
antibiotics so fast we do not want that
the solution is to create new and more
strong antibiotics but a treatment
where the virus is administered with the
antibiotic since the bacteria only
can mutate to resist one of the
two
putting an end to the cycle of
antibiotic resistances
Our vision is to make
antibiotics that are in your home in the
corner pharmacy and in the
hospitals work again
and by focusing on considering a
platform that modifies virus we can
address this very complex problem from
different angles
and this is our proposal for the future
but we can all be part of trying
to address this problem
We can be cautious with our use
of antibiotics use them only when
are not necessary for infections
caused by viruses such as
antibiotics only kill bacteria
also if the doctor does not know accepted a
course of antibiotics we can finish it
sometimes they give us antibiotics eight
days and the fifth day we feel better
and we stop taking it but the bacteria
bad have already been exposed to
antibiotic so they can generate
resistance
and we can also follow the practices
common to prevent infections or wash
hands before eating and be careful
with food handling
we are pursuing the
ambitious dream of providing new
health solutions and we can do this
because today the world is a different place
to which 70 years ago technology is
accessible as never before had been
and in turn has the ability to scale
allowing few people to
impact millions of people
we are fighting against
resistance and that resistance is not
is always good and today we are in
a war against this problem and
many people are not aware
of the video that we face
we can win a war that we do not know
what are we fighting
to me that they ask me how do I get
It happens to face a big challenge but
I really believe what they say to my
favorite phrases and is that the real
risk is not to fail is to be successful in
something that really does not matter many
Thank you
[Applause]
[Music]
avid alexander was a policeman in 1940
expert england
one day he suffered an accident that causes
a terrible infection because of his work
we would think that he suffered an accident in
a heroic act but it actually came out
one day to be the garden the thorn of a
blouse the answer hp and this causes a
infection so terrible that he lost his eye
and it spread through all the blood
thanks to the work dedicated scientists
as alexander fleming chlorite chopped already
was the penicillin in development and he
he became the first patient in
be treated with antibiotics
although it admits the stand of eventually
he died his case began the transformation
of treatment of infections
and is that before people did not die of
cancer or heart problems because
one simple infection died
infection
it was a death sentence
people used to live for 55 years today
our life expectancy exceeds
80 years and there are places in costa rica
where people live more than 100 years
many researchers attribute the
increase in life expectancy at
development of antibiotics
who here has ever taken
antibiotics
all or almost all and it’s human video if
you know what antibiotics are
antibiotics are chemical substances
that kill the bacteria or not
They allow us to continue growing helping
to the immune system to fight against
infections
but we have abused them they have become
thing every day and bacteria
they have evolved they have voted and they have
developed own skills for
resist antibiotics this has
led the phenomenon of resistance to
antibiotics
in this video from the medical school
from harvard we can see the mutation of the
bacterium
in this large petri dish there are 9 bands
with different concentrations of
antibiotics in the most out there’s no
antibiotic also in until the
minimal concentration with which they die
the bacteria ten times that
concentration 100 times and in the center
a thousand times
the background in black because there is paint and
we will see the bacteria appear in
White
once from the plate the bacteria
they begin to appear as they do
usually
until they meet the
antibiotic then they stop because
they can not survive until it appears
a mutant
and other mutants start appearing and
these voters are still spreading and
compete with each other
until they meet the next
antibiotic band to days kisses the
concentration and can not survive
then they mutate again
and they continue to spread and repeat this
process to 100 times the concentration of
antibiotics and only 11 days later
are able to withstand 1000 times the
amount the concentration of
antibiotics that a bacterium survives
normal is this accumulation of mutations
successful that allows bacteria
resist high concentrations of
antibiotics
in 2015 an elevated woman had a
infection that was persistent at 26 types
Antibiotic those are all
antibiotics available in usa so
with access to one of the best systems
of health in the world his infection
being intractable
and the problem of resistance to
antibiotics is not alien to us that
It’s my little cousin Sofia
Sophie is just six years old and her file
resistant to methicillin
what will happen when I go out to play as
all the other kids fall and go
thorn leg
like them all millions of people
are diagnosed with resistance to
antibiotics every year and those 700 thousand
people die
700 thousand people had an infection
that being treated with antibiotics does not
they could be cured effectively and
on time
nowadays if we have an infection
we go to the doctor and 9-7 antibiotics if
this is what antibiotics are for us
stronger and stronger and stronger but already
the bacteria have developed the
ability to resist antibiotics
They have noticed stronger to develop
a gene that gives them the ability to
resist antibiotics
in 2016 they did a study that
discovered the mc f1 gene that gives the
bacteria the ability to resist
antibiotic colistin which is one of the most
strong that exist but in addition it had
taken out of the market because I had severe
side effects but given the
magnitude of the problem has had to
bring back
and in the 18 months that they were
driving this study they were given
account that the gene was not only in
Indian but also in parts of Asia from
africa of europe in russia in canada and in
united states and although this map us
Latin America would think that we are
except the researchers presume that it is
because we do not have a good record of the
resistant infections
and actually this mutation of
bacteria is natural but with our
current use has accelerated and is a
extremely complex problem that goes further
beyond our consumption of antibiotics
more than 80% of antibiotics in the
market are used in livestock for
prevent infections and promote
growth of animals but this is
happens to the meat that we consume
And besides, not all antibiotics are
digested by animals so
they end up in the water with which we stick
the plants going back to the vegetables in
sources of resistance also
and these resistant bacteria come in
the environment in fact the place where
we are at greater risk of contracting
resistant infection is in the
hospitals the place where we should
feel safe
the world health organization
predicts that this problem is growing
at an exponential rate and that for the
2050 will cause 10 million deaths
annual
which means that the generation
that is born today on its 30 years will see more
people die for antibiotics existence
that for cancer
is for data like this that is presumed
that we are entering the post era
antibiotics where we can lose this
tool that is crucial to our
lifestyle
if antibiotics we would lose
protection for patients
immunocompromised including the most
of 10,000 Costa Ricans with hiv of the
cancer patients to patients who
they have received a transplant
we would lose the surgeries
since antibiotics are given
prophylactic or preventive way to
almost all surgeries
we would live in a world similar to that of
1900 when a skin infection was
equal to an amputation
when we lost one in 100
women in childbirth and when pneumonia
took three out of ten children
how would we live our lives if
We knew that a simple infection
You can finish her
however today I come from the air not only
of the extent of the problem but
also of possible solutions
given the extent and magnitude of this
problem groups around the world
are working on proposing new
solutions from new antibiotics
synthetic programs to control the
use of antibiotic solutions
natural and alternative treatments
and last year I had the opportunity to
attend a show represent
Costa Rica where we learned about the
technologies
to positively impact the
people was where I met my
team and it was as well as a team
composed of Latinos we started to
fight one of the vetoes health
biggest we face today
We have dedicated we have decided on Carlos
to our full-time project and
join that group of people who
they look for a solution for this problem
and ours will be developing
a platform that modifies viruses for
take away the ability of bacteria
resist antibiotics
we’re going to veto the assumption that
viruses are just bad and transform them into
our best allies since the
enemy in common in this case are the
bacteria
we are going to modify viruses that only affect
bacteria are called bacteriophages are in
actually the most common microorganisms
that exist on the planet exist where
whether there are bacteria
and we are going to modify them to carry
the system of christ to bacteria and
this destroys the resistance genes
sad is an engineering tool
genetics
that allows us to edit the DNA by
first time in our history we can
edit our genome which defines us
as the human arm and as people and
which until recently
we considered static
chris but it covers naturally the
bacteria but in 2012 scientists
they discovered a way you should schedule it
and turn it into a tool of
genetic engineering
that you have a lot of potential already
that with him we can destroy organisms
harmful we can also edit errors
within the genetic code and has been
recognized as the future of medicine
the scientific pillar of our team
He has been working for more than 5 years
laboratory where this was discovered
technology
our proposal works if the
bacteriophages or viruses scan the
microorganism let’s see
looking for resistant bacteria
when they find it, they stick
insert their genetic code
once inside the bacteria the
krispy proteins are expressed and cut
the resistance genes taking away the
bacteria the ability to resist
antibiotics and making them vulnerable
again
since antibiotics develop the
bacteria develop resistance to
antibiotics so fast we do not want that
the solution is to create new and more
strong antibiotics but a treatment
where the virus is administered with the
antibiotic since the bacteria only
can mutate to resist one of the
two
putting an end to the cycle of
antibiotic resistances
Our vision is to make
antibiotics that are in your home in the
corner pharmacy and in the
hospitals work again
and by focusing on considering a
platform that modifies virus we can
address this very complex problem from
different angles
and this is our proposal for the future
but we can all be part of trying
to address this problem
We can be cautious with our use
of antibiotics use them only when
are not necessary for infections
caused by viruses such as
antibiotics only kill bacteria
also if the doctor does not know accepted a
course of antibiotics we can finish it
sometimes they give us antibiotics eight
days and the fifth day we feel better
and we stop taking it but the bacteria
bad have already been exposed to
antibiotic so they can generate
resistance
and we can also follow the practices
common to prevent infections or wash
hands before eating and be careful
with food handling
we are pursuing the
ambitious dream of providing new
health solutions and we can do this
because today the world is a different place
to which 70 years ago technology is
accessible as never before had been
and in turn has the ability to scale
allowing few people to
impact millions of people
we are fighting against
resistance and that resistance is not
is always good and today we are in
a war against this problem and
many people are not aware
of the video that we face
we can win a war that we do not know
what are we fighting
to me that they ask me how do I get
It happens to face a big challenge but
I really believe what they say to my
favorite phrases and is that the real
risk is not to fail is to be successful in
something that really does not matter many
Thank you
[Applause]
[Music]
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