[Music]
[Applause]
space diving into a world unknown space
exploration efforts have taught us that
the universe is massive and continues to
grow and expand everyday as humans we
don’t yet have the technology to explore
at all
when looking up into the night sky we
see little stars shining back down on us
these stars can be shining from millions
or even billions of miles away but when
looking up it to the stars at night have
you ever thought about inequality in
space now I know what you might be
thinking Jennifer
how could there be inequality in space
and what could we even do about it but
there is an injustice in space because
some developing countries aren’t able to
have the same opportunities when putting
satellites up into orbit and this has
been coming a huge emerging problem and
we can start to do something about it by
spreading the information in this talk
but first I want to tell you about how I
learned about this problem and became so
passionate about it going into my senior
year of high school I had the amazing
opportunity of internship with an
aerospace company Boeing there I worked
under their propulsion department
learning about how we get satellites up
into space I was so fascinated about
satellites in space and have so many
questions so I took what any other 17
year old would do and I went on the
Internet I researched so much and found
out about this problem that was
happening right above us in space my
senior year of high school we have to do
a kind of research project about an
injustice in the world since I went to
an all-girls school a lot of girls talk
women in the workforce and minority
groups but I wanted to talk about space
so I researched the problem that I had
learned at my internship even more and
realized that although space is
unlimited to us here on earth at least
right now it’s fairly limited we can
only actually use what is in orbit in
orbit is a spot in space where Earth’s
gravity pulls on an object at just the
right amount so that it can make an
elliptical shape around the earth
the three main orbits that we use for
satellites are Leo mio and Geo low Earth
orbit and medium Earth orbit go around
the earth at different speeds but I want
to talk about GM because it is one of
the most important orbits because it
doesn’t just move around the earth but
an object in the orbit will stay
stationary above that specific spot on
earth so as the Earth rotates so does
the satellite this means that we can be
collecting data from this satellite 24/7
which causes a lot of countries to want
to put their satellites in orbital slots
in jiya but what exactly is an orbital
slot well to get a satellite into space
we need to have a certain spot which we
can call an orbital slot this consists
of a spot in space and a frequency that
transmits signals back down to the earth
think of Geo as a public parking lot
they’re not very well regulated and in
parking lots anyone can really park
there but that can become a problem
because if people try to make spots that
aren’t really there it can cause other
cars have to maneuver around it or maybe
not even be able to get out and in space
this is similar to our satellite scan
block each other’s frequencies also in
parking lots we all well may know people
who go over that
I’m just a little bit too much or we
might be those people ourselves but that
can cause a lot of problems too because
the cars can crash and in space
satellites that are placed too close to
each other can cause collisions and
although you might have a really nice
Mercedes or a red Ferrari satellites in
space can cost billions of dollars and
once they crash that is technology that
that country has to rebuild and remake
however parking lots are organized to
some extent and in space this is the
equivalent to the ITU or International
Telecommunications Union this is a union
made up of countries and what they do is
distribute these laws so a country that
wants to put their satellite in space
would go up to the ITU and tell them
where they want to put their satellite
and the ITU would make sure that no
other satellites are close nearby and
that they have their own frequencies and
they say yes you can put your satellite
up into space but this usually doesn’t
happen because there are so many
satellites in space usually the ITU has
to say yeah and then this country that
wants to get their satellite in space
has to wait until a slot becomes
available and as technology is
increasing more countries want to get
their satellites in space but when
countries first started getting into the
space race it was mainly the more
developed countries such as China Russia
in the United States these countries had
more money first so they had war to
advanced technology and could develop
their space programs faster this means
that they had most of the spots in jiya
and they did this also by using
something called a paper satellite now a
paper satellite is a satellite that is
only written down on paper and is never
actually put up into space or even to
build it sometimes so countries would
use these paper satellites to go to the
ITU and get a slot in space and pretty
much hold it for later when they
actually did have a satellite that they
wanted to put up but this caused a lot
of problems because going back to the
parking
we can think of this as traffic cones
and now some people put traffic cones
and parking spots we all know those
people and these traffic cones they know
that they’re not going to use that spot
right now but they want to make sure is
that when the parking lot is full
they’ll have a spot for their car and in
space this is what paper satellites are
doing but I want you to all take a step
back and think to some of your first
days at college this is a picture of my
dorm in my floor and although we’re
extremely close now when we first met
each other we asked the same three
questions that most college students ask
and you might have encountered yourself
and those are what’s your name where you
from
and what’s your major so when I first
met people I’d go up to them and say hi
my name is Jen I’m from the Los Angeles
area and you know I’m majoring in
mechanical engineering and aerospace and
everyone would be like wow that’s so
cool aerospace how to get into that and
of course I tell them about orbital
slots but since they didn’t know what
orbital slots were I have to explain it
but this was a great opportunity to let
people know about this problem and
realize what satellites in space even
did they might not have been as
passionate about satellites in space as
I am but they realized that there was a
problem that needed to be fixed now
developed countries have tried to fix
this problem to some extent by renting
out their orbital slots to other
countries but this is actually only
hurting more than its helping because
the key term here is renting and not
owning so these developing countries are
getting rented slots but after 15 years
which is about the lifetime cycle of the
satellite they no longer have a spot of
space and either have to wait for a new
one to become available or pay for
another one but the problem here is that
these developing countries were just
trying to get into the space race have
to pay for these flaws when their
original owner
just had to go to the ITU and ask them
if they can put their satellite kisser
to spa but I know what you’re all
thinking why is this girl up here
talking about developing countries
wanting to get satellites in space when
developing countries have way bigger
problems such as people starving on the
streets and no access to clean water now
I want you to all raise your hand if you
are thinking this at any part in my
speech and it’s okay you can raise your
hand well that’s a good amount of view
and all of you have a reasonable concern
but although some countries don’t need
to be thinking about satellites in space
what about the countries in the middle
the countries that are trying to develop
their space programs but can’t because
they don’t have the opportunity to even
get a satellite into space now a lot of
people don’t really think about this
because they don’t realize what we
actually use satellites for because it’s
way more than just GPS finding your
house on Google Maps or binge watching
shows on Netflix we have some lights for
military land air and sea being able to
communicate back and forth environmental
monitoring to be able to know when
volcanoes are about to erupt or when
storms and hurricanes are going to hit
so we can be prepared for these before
they happen
but when natural disasters do happen we
can send out distress radio beacons to
be able to find survivors faster for
countries such as India that are
separated by rough terrain and diverse
languages these kind of satellites are
necessary for communication these
communication satellites help from the
mote areas be able to get education and
medical expertise that otherwise
wouldn’t be able to reach them and that
is why this is the next step that some
countries need to be able to take but
there isn’t that much space in these
orbits because right now there is
roughly 1751 satellites in space and the
United States holding most of them and
although this is helping us develop our
own space program it is not very that
we’re not
others be able to reach the same goals
that we have already achieved we need to
realize that although this problem is
happening more than 35,000 miles away
that it is affecting us right here on
earth 35,000 miles away just think about
that that’s a law but it is affecting us
right here and that’s what a lot of
people aren’t realizing and this is why
everyone needs to hear about this
problem because it’s going to take way
more than just some aerospace engineers
in a control room to be able to
implement this solution and create a
solution in the first place that is why
it is important that people from all
disciplines learn about this problem and
realize that is happening now when I
first heard that I was going to be
giving this talk I told my friend David
and he said oh was that with Leo Leo and
G and right when he said those last
three words I realized something I
realized that everyone that I’ve talked
to about orbital slots might not have
remembered everything but remember
something and that’s the start the
people that I have talked to have asked
me questions about what this problem was
they had never even heard of orbital
slots before or even thought about
satellites in space they were other
engineers business majors and news
issues who wanted to help solve this
problem they would have suggestions that
I had never even thought about and we
talked about how those could or could
not be implemented Ted is all about
ideas worth spreading and this
definitely is one because you can’t
create a solution to a problem you don’t
know about thank you [Applause]
[Applause]
space diving into a world unknown space
exploration efforts have taught us that
the universe is massive and continues to
grow and expand everyday as humans we
don’t yet have the technology to explore
at all
when looking up into the night sky we
see little stars shining back down on us
these stars can be shining from millions
or even billions of miles away but when
looking up it to the stars at night have
you ever thought about inequality in
space now I know what you might be
thinking Jennifer
how could there be inequality in space
and what could we even do about it but
there is an injustice in space because
some developing countries aren’t able to
have the same opportunities when putting
satellites up into orbit and this has
been coming a huge emerging problem and
we can start to do something about it by
spreading the information in this talk
but first I want to tell you about how I
learned about this problem and became so
passionate about it going into my senior
year of high school I had the amazing
opportunity of internship with an
aerospace company Boeing there I worked
under their propulsion department
learning about how we get satellites up
into space I was so fascinated about
satellites in space and have so many
questions so I took what any other 17
year old would do and I went on the
Internet I researched so much and found
out about this problem that was
happening right above us in space my
senior year of high school we have to do
a kind of research project about an
injustice in the world since I went to
an all-girls school a lot of girls talk
women in the workforce and minority
groups but I wanted to talk about space
so I researched the problem that I had
learned at my internship even more and
realized that although space is
unlimited to us here on earth at least
right now it’s fairly limited we can
only actually use what is in orbit in
orbit is a spot in space where Earth’s
gravity pulls on an object at just the
right amount so that it can make an
elliptical shape around the earth
the three main orbits that we use for
satellites are Leo mio and Geo low Earth
orbit and medium Earth orbit go around
the earth at different speeds but I want
to talk about GM because it is one of
the most important orbits because it
doesn’t just move around the earth but
an object in the orbit will stay
stationary above that specific spot on
earth so as the Earth rotates so does
the satellite this means that we can be
collecting data from this satellite 24/7
which causes a lot of countries to want
to put their satellites in orbital slots
in jiya but what exactly is an orbital
slot well to get a satellite into space
we need to have a certain spot which we
can call an orbital slot this consists
of a spot in space and a frequency that
transmits signals back down to the earth
think of Geo as a public parking lot
they’re not very well regulated and in
parking lots anyone can really park
there but that can become a problem
because if people try to make spots that
aren’t really there it can cause other
cars have to maneuver around it or maybe
not even be able to get out and in space
this is similar to our satellite scan
block each other’s frequencies also in
parking lots we all well may know people
who go over that
I’m just a little bit too much or we
might be those people ourselves but that
can cause a lot of problems too because
the cars can crash and in space
satellites that are placed too close to
each other can cause collisions and
although you might have a really nice
Mercedes or a red Ferrari satellites in
space can cost billions of dollars and
once they crash that is technology that
that country has to rebuild and remake
however parking lots are organized to
some extent and in space this is the
equivalent to the ITU or International
Telecommunications Union this is a union
made up of countries and what they do is
distribute these laws so a country that
wants to put their satellite in space
would go up to the ITU and tell them
where they want to put their satellite
and the ITU would make sure that no
other satellites are close nearby and
that they have their own frequencies and
they say yes you can put your satellite
up into space but this usually doesn’t
happen because there are so many
satellites in space usually the ITU has
to say yeah and then this country that
wants to get their satellite in space
has to wait until a slot becomes
available and as technology is
increasing more countries want to get
their satellites in space but when
countries first started getting into the
space race it was mainly the more
developed countries such as China Russia
in the United States these countries had
more money first so they had war to
advanced technology and could develop
their space programs faster this means
that they had most of the spots in jiya
and they did this also by using
something called a paper satellite now a
paper satellite is a satellite that is
only written down on paper and is never
actually put up into space or even to
build it sometimes so countries would
use these paper satellites to go to the
ITU and get a slot in space and pretty
much hold it for later when they
actually did have a satellite that they
wanted to put up but this caused a lot
of problems because going back to the
parking
we can think of this as traffic cones
and now some people put traffic cones
and parking spots we all know those
people and these traffic cones they know
that they’re not going to use that spot
right now but they want to make sure is
that when the parking lot is full
they’ll have a spot for their car and in
space this is what paper satellites are
doing but I want you to all take a step
back and think to some of your first
days at college this is a picture of my
dorm in my floor and although we’re
extremely close now when we first met
each other we asked the same three
questions that most college students ask
and you might have encountered yourself
and those are what’s your name where you
from
and what’s your major so when I first
met people I’d go up to them and say hi
my name is Jen I’m from the Los Angeles
area and you know I’m majoring in
mechanical engineering and aerospace and
everyone would be like wow that’s so
cool aerospace how to get into that and
of course I tell them about orbital
slots but since they didn’t know what
orbital slots were I have to explain it
but this was a great opportunity to let
people know about this problem and
realize what satellites in space even
did they might not have been as
passionate about satellites in space as
I am but they realized that there was a
problem that needed to be fixed now
developed countries have tried to fix
this problem to some extent by renting
out their orbital slots to other
countries but this is actually only
hurting more than its helping because
the key term here is renting and not
owning so these developing countries are
getting rented slots but after 15 years
which is about the lifetime cycle of the
satellite they no longer have a spot of
space and either have to wait for a new
one to become available or pay for
another one but the problem here is that
these developing countries were just
trying to get into the space race have
to pay for these flaws when their
original owner
just had to go to the ITU and ask them
if they can put their satellite kisser
to spa but I know what you’re all
thinking why is this girl up here
talking about developing countries
wanting to get satellites in space when
developing countries have way bigger
problems such as people starving on the
streets and no access to clean water now
I want you to all raise your hand if you
are thinking this at any part in my
speech and it’s okay you can raise your
hand well that’s a good amount of view
and all of you have a reasonable concern
but although some countries don’t need
to be thinking about satellites in space
what about the countries in the middle
the countries that are trying to develop
their space programs but can’t because
they don’t have the opportunity to even
get a satellite into space now a lot of
people don’t really think about this
because they don’t realize what we
actually use satellites for because it’s
way more than just GPS finding your
house on Google Maps or binge watching
shows on Netflix we have some lights for
military land air and sea being able to
communicate back and forth environmental
monitoring to be able to know when
volcanoes are about to erupt or when
storms and hurricanes are going to hit
so we can be prepared for these before
they happen
but when natural disasters do happen we
can send out distress radio beacons to
be able to find survivors faster for
countries such as India that are
separated by rough terrain and diverse
languages these kind of satellites are
necessary for communication these
communication satellites help from the
mote areas be able to get education and
medical expertise that otherwise
wouldn’t be able to reach them and that
is why this is the next step that some
countries need to be able to take but
there isn’t that much space in these
orbits because right now there is
roughly 1751 satellites in space and the
United States holding most of them and
although this is helping us develop our
own space program it is not very that
we’re not
others be able to reach the same goals
that we have already achieved we need to
realize that although this problem is
happening more than 35,000 miles away
that it is affecting us right here on
earth 35,000 miles away just think about
that that’s a law but it is affecting us
right here and that’s what a lot of
people aren’t realizing and this is why
everyone needs to hear about this
problem because it’s going to take way
more than just some aerospace engineers
in a control room to be able to
implement this solution and create a
solution in the first place that is why
it is important that people from all
disciplines learn about this problem and
realize that is happening now when I
first heard that I was going to be
giving this talk I told my friend David
and he said oh was that with Leo Leo and
G and right when he said those last
three words I realized something I
realized that everyone that I’ve talked
to about orbital slots might not have
remembered everything but remember
something and that’s the start the
people that I have talked to have asked
me questions about what this problem was
they had never even heard of orbital
slots before or even thought about
satellites in space they were other
engineers business majors and news
issues who wanted to help solve this
problem they would have suggestions that
I had never even thought about and we
talked about how those could or could
not be implemented Ted is all about
ideas worth spreading and this
definitely is one because you can’t
create a solution to a problem you don’t
know about thank you [Applause]
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