Good evening
so when I was a child I asked myself
a lot of questions I was wondering
how did the marshes work
how did the planes do to fly and
I loved the show it’s not rocket science
so I think you too have
had to grow up with this show
it was exciting it was very good
explain vulgarize and this show
allowed to answer a lot of
questions I asked myself after
this show I loved watching turbo
yes it’s very different
this show interest us since
we saw beautiful cars but also
because we discovered different
new technologies and things that
seemed gadgets for me to
the time
so today I have the chance to
ability to combine science and automobiles
since my job is to search
new elements for engines
electric cars so I’m talking
of the car in general but especially of
the electric car and I’m going
start by asking yourself a question
who thinks the electric car does not
not pollute at all so I think that
it’s unanimous and who thinks that the
polluted electric car
ah yes okay so you have to little
near including the electric car
certainly it was created to meet
an environmental problem
the idea is to reduce emissions of
greenhouse gas and so slow down
global warming then the
electric car that’s it but it’s
also what type of things do you
see here it’s the biggest mine of
rare earth present in China
this is the baotou mine she is
found in Inner Mongolia is in
do the terror these are elements
metallic chemicals for which
extraction and separation produce
chemical and radioactive waste
so these elements are highly
pollutants so contrary to their name
it was rare are not all rare
it exists in different proportions
all over the globe so
non- homogeneous
so if I talk to you about rare earths
today it’s because these lands
rare are present in the magnets of
electric motors of cars and not
only the electric car
in your own car that you have
you there is a lot of engine that
works with permanent magnets
which are electric motors by
example to open your window or to
operate the front wipers
back and so there are more than 20
permanent magnet motors
if we also look at the engines of
pulling the car the one that goes the
move forward
there may be magnets and
if there are these are elements that
go rare earth so they are
pollutants then the rare earths the
here is in the periodic table of
items
you remember this is the painting that
you have surely discovered in college
or in high school and who ranks the elements
according to the number of electrons their weight
and that gives a lot of information
the interest of this one he is particular
is that you also have the prices
elements you can see in
reference all the way down to your right
that there are different prices and that are in
dollars per kilogram you noticed
quite quickly I think of the center a
clusters of atoms that are black that are
very expensive
it’s about metals like gold and
platinum for example that everyone
know that it’s very expensive then
so if we isolate the terror it is these
elements there it is the big bar
below that are the fifteen lanthanides
and there is also yttrium scandium
which are on the side you can
note that these items are expensive
but there are some in particular
serve for the magnets it is about
these three there so the neodymium the samarium
and dysprosium so besides being
pollutants these elements is expensive
so you have to do without it and I
elements that I use these are these
so you noticed that overall they
are cheap they are no longer
elements that are not polluting and
you will tell me yes but barium
he is in pink so that means
they cost a little but I use
little enough so that there is no
impact on the price of my items
so I make magnets but he
have a little bit of history
originally you have to know that the magnet
he is not naturally magnetized and
those discovered by the
men and had been fanned by the field
terrestrial magnetic
then the man started to manufacture
elements and it was made of steel
you might notice that he was
in the form of a horseshoe
you often have
purpose in cartoons when you
were children the characters who are
found hung with a magnet in
horseshoe shape that was very
mighty he could not get out but
finally why this form
why a horseshoe so as I
you said you have to increase the
material so for the lie and we
apply a magnetic field and
when the leman is going to polarize it’s up to
to say that it will create a North Pole and
a south pole
there will be an internal field that
is called magnetizing field that goes to
the reverse, that is to say that he will desert
the material so the Leman material can
gets mad and all alone without his own
field to very practical
so to avoid that with the steels he
had been noticed that they were given to
this form of horseshoe
it was possible to avoid the
dehydration in the center by moving away at
maximum material and that one was getting
a very good and man concentrating the
field at the poles so he
had to bring them closer since it exists
loving mended which are composed of
different from different at home and he
no longer necessary to make them under
horseshoe shape
so there are very elements
performing very small and in the form of
pastilles that can serve you by
example to close a cover of
phone
the last ones that were discovered
contain them rare earths
unfortunately these are the most
exist on the market and
so I’m looking to make new
elements that do not contain
rare earths and I started with
try to improve the rites effect that
you see here then the ferrites these are
elements that are made of iron
of oxygen and a little bit of barium and
of strontium these are elements that
already exists on the market since it is
which allows you to open your window
car and it’s also the
elements that you bring back from your
vacation and then you stick on
your refrigerator
so to improve these materials I
goes through the path of the
nanostructuration that is to say that I
synthesizes a powder at the sizes of
nanoscale grains that I’m going oriented
so I explain myself to make a
loving one must first synthesize a
powder we will consider that each grain
is a magnet with its North Pole and its
south pole and applying another field
magnetic all the grains are going
orient on one axis
North South
so finally why use
grains as small
if I use a powder with big
grain there can be two orientations
then different or more
in the same grain is what we
calls domains these areas are
separated by a wall and if I apply
a magnetic field up the
parish will shift to the right and
I get only one domain have so far
nothing very complicated though if
I use small grains it does not
can not create two walls so it goes
to have only one area these grains one
the east they say they are mono domain if
I’m applying a magnetic field again
upwards the grain is just going
turned to orient itself according to this field
that I apply in the same direction
so why do that the utility
to have sandstone a very small is that
so we have a way to increase the
resistance to deregulation under a
magnetic field again the iron to
horse as we increase it is not
no longer needed to have a magnet under
horseshoe shape
then the problem with these small grains
is that the magnetic forces are
very strong that it’s serious we create
agglomerates that must be broken
agglomerations can direct and have
all the grains according to one and the same
axis so it’s still today a
big problem about the nanopowders and
but we are working on new
solutions to orient this material
then I’m interested in another guy
of material it is composed of manganese
and aluminum is a material that
may have properties
very high magnetic and it was
discovered in the 50s he did not
still been industrialized since
until now the properties
magnetic was not enough face
to what already existed on the market
but it’s new technologies we
allow today to return him his
properties good properties and
the particular interest of this material
it is light it is cheap
is easy to recycle since
magnets that contain terror them
we can not recycle them again
today so aluminum we know
that it has been recycled for a very long time
the manganese he extracts at the same time
that do it and these are elements that
are considered non- polluting
so I’m going to synthesize I’m doing
alloys of manganese and aluminum
so just now I was doing some
chemical processes so with a blouse
a hood with gloves and glasses
now this process of metallurgy and
to tell you everything before for me the
metallurgy and something like that
I imagined that I was going to be asked
wear a leather apron and like
represented here that so it had to be
heat the metal of the sword soak in
water etc.
it’s actually metallurgy
but I’m using machines
who looks like that so what you this
that you see it’s a way of doing
melting by induction but metals
induction finally it’s exactly
what happens in the dishes you
have at home you see that there is a
coil an electric current will pass
in the reel and he will create himself a
magnetic field rising between the
magnetic field will interfere with the
mold and in this way I’m going
can melt very quickly
but metal is also why
you need special plates
finally special hairs for your
plates and so that suddenly food
will heat up much faster then
so I get my alloy and I’m going to
pass in the big quality that you
see right
inside this quality there to
a cool red that turns very very
quick
again I’m going to melt my
material induction and I will
eject it very quickly on this wheel
that turn
in this way I then get some
ribbons these ribbons this is not always
not a magnet he’ll have to still
process do a lot of things on these
on these ribbons and I start with them
grind at different temperatures to
different speeds then I’m going
have the tablets and it’s finally
it’s a bit of cooking but it’s
also a bit like making macaroons I
do not know if you’ve ever tried
to do with it is finally not so
simple it is necessary to proceed in stages
must respect the recipe otherwise it
does not work we do not have the beautiful
dome shining the collar and the
fluffy macaroons so me it’s a
not so good if I heat too much if I drink
Too much my material is broken down into
phases that are not magnetic and the
blow I can not made my element
so I have some phase coming out of
my 2 2 but ribbon but that is not
still not my element
it comes in this form that you
see on the left, that is to say that I have a
phase which is a very elongated hexagon
month whoever
ray is rather the very cube
friendly who’s right so the
blow to get it
we decided to support very very
strong finally on our hexagon have
I have enough heating for
perform the transformation of a phase
to each other and in this way we
hopefully it will also create a
phase a north pole is a little south
then the organization of atoms allowed
to get these crops is flattened and
the results are mixed since we
have we still do not have this pole
north and this south pole but we have
managed to increase by 40% the
disorientation by an external field or
by his own field of this material this
which was not won at the start
also have a payment to us now
who could perhaps quickly enough
found its place in the engine of
electric car traction
so suddenly we proposed here
solutions to try to replace these
elements that are highly polluting
so at the start I was talking to you
of greenhouse gas emissions
because you imagine now that
the car is actually it’s very
pollutant but hey it is still necessary
to say that the electric car that allows
despite all to reduce the emissions of
greenhouse gases as you can
see it here during the phase
of use there is almost no
of greenhouse gas emissions
compared to a vehicle that work
diesel or gasoline
provided, of course, that
renewable energy so it’s at
level of manufacture and the end of
vehicle life where there is still
today a worry is so it takes
work on it
and then finally what interests us
we are that the electric car has
be attractive bottom us motorists
and for that it is necessary that the car is
the powerful they must have a
good autonomy since the car
electric
we still have not the best
autonomy is not what is expected
and then we must also reduce the
cost because electric cars
are still too expensive and noé mans
could contribute to a small height
on these three planes since suddenly
using powerful elements we
can run the engine more
so quickly make the car powerful and
we can also increase
the autonomy of the car decreasing
so the energy used to make
turn the engine
and then there is no terror in our
loving so they are a lot less
dear so we could contribute to
reduce the price of the electric car
is all together the researchers we
so let’s try to make the car
more ecological
Thank you
[Applause]
so when I was a child I asked myself
a lot of questions I was wondering
how did the marshes work
how did the planes do to fly and
I loved the show it’s not rocket science
so I think you too have
had to grow up with this show
it was exciting it was very good
explain vulgarize and this show
allowed to answer a lot of
questions I asked myself after
this show I loved watching turbo
yes it’s very different
this show interest us since
we saw beautiful cars but also
because we discovered different
new technologies and things that
seemed gadgets for me to
the time
so today I have the chance to
ability to combine science and automobiles
since my job is to search
new elements for engines
electric cars so I’m talking
of the car in general but especially of
the electric car and I’m going
start by asking yourself a question
who thinks the electric car does not
not pollute at all so I think that
it’s unanimous and who thinks that the
polluted electric car
ah yes okay so you have to little
near including the electric car
certainly it was created to meet
an environmental problem
the idea is to reduce emissions of
greenhouse gas and so slow down
global warming then the
electric car that’s it but it’s
also what type of things do you
see here it’s the biggest mine of
rare earth present in China
this is the baotou mine she is
found in Inner Mongolia is in
do the terror these are elements
metallic chemicals for which
extraction and separation produce
chemical and radioactive waste
so these elements are highly
pollutants so contrary to their name
it was rare are not all rare
it exists in different proportions
all over the globe so
non- homogeneous
so if I talk to you about rare earths
today it’s because these lands
rare are present in the magnets of
electric motors of cars and not
only the electric car
in your own car that you have
you there is a lot of engine that
works with permanent magnets
which are electric motors by
example to open your window or to
operate the front wipers
back and so there are more than 20
permanent magnet motors
if we also look at the engines of
pulling the car the one that goes the
move forward
there may be magnets and
if there are these are elements that
go rare earth so they are
pollutants then the rare earths the
here is in the periodic table of
items
you remember this is the painting that
you have surely discovered in college
or in high school and who ranks the elements
according to the number of electrons their weight
and that gives a lot of information
the interest of this one he is particular
is that you also have the prices
elements you can see in
reference all the way down to your right
that there are different prices and that are in
dollars per kilogram you noticed
quite quickly I think of the center a
clusters of atoms that are black that are
very expensive
it’s about metals like gold and
platinum for example that everyone
know that it’s very expensive then
so if we isolate the terror it is these
elements there it is the big bar
below that are the fifteen lanthanides
and there is also yttrium scandium
which are on the side you can
note that these items are expensive
but there are some in particular
serve for the magnets it is about
these three there so the neodymium the samarium
and dysprosium so besides being
pollutants these elements is expensive
so you have to do without it and I
elements that I use these are these
so you noticed that overall they
are cheap they are no longer
elements that are not polluting and
you will tell me yes but barium
he is in pink so that means
they cost a little but I use
little enough so that there is no
impact on the price of my items
so I make magnets but he
have a little bit of history
originally you have to know that the magnet
he is not naturally magnetized and
those discovered by the
men and had been fanned by the field
terrestrial magnetic
then the man started to manufacture
elements and it was made of steel
you might notice that he was
in the form of a horseshoe
you often have
purpose in cartoons when you
were children the characters who are
found hung with a magnet in
horseshoe shape that was very
mighty he could not get out but
finally why this form
why a horseshoe so as I
you said you have to increase the
material so for the lie and we
apply a magnetic field and
when the leman is going to polarize it’s up to
to say that it will create a North Pole and
a south pole
there will be an internal field that
is called magnetizing field that goes to
the reverse, that is to say that he will desert
the material so the Leman material can
gets mad and all alone without his own
field to very practical
so to avoid that with the steels he
had been noticed that they were given to
this form of horseshoe
it was possible to avoid the
dehydration in the center by moving away at
maximum material and that one was getting
a very good and man concentrating the
field at the poles so he
had to bring them closer since it exists
loving mended which are composed of
different from different at home and he
no longer necessary to make them under
horseshoe shape
so there are very elements
performing very small and in the form of
pastilles that can serve you by
example to close a cover of
phone
the last ones that were discovered
contain them rare earths
unfortunately these are the most
exist on the market and
so I’m looking to make new
elements that do not contain
rare earths and I started with
try to improve the rites effect that
you see here then the ferrites these are
elements that are made of iron
of oxygen and a little bit of barium and
of strontium these are elements that
already exists on the market since it is
which allows you to open your window
car and it’s also the
elements that you bring back from your
vacation and then you stick on
your refrigerator
so to improve these materials I
goes through the path of the
nanostructuration that is to say that I
synthesizes a powder at the sizes of
nanoscale grains that I’m going oriented
so I explain myself to make a
loving one must first synthesize a
powder we will consider that each grain
is a magnet with its North Pole and its
south pole and applying another field
magnetic all the grains are going
orient on one axis
North South
so finally why use
grains as small
if I use a powder with big
grain there can be two orientations
then different or more
in the same grain is what we
calls domains these areas are
separated by a wall and if I apply
a magnetic field up the
parish will shift to the right and
I get only one domain have so far
nothing very complicated though if
I use small grains it does not
can not create two walls so it goes
to have only one area these grains one
the east they say they are mono domain if
I’m applying a magnetic field again
upwards the grain is just going
turned to orient itself according to this field
that I apply in the same direction
so why do that the utility
to have sandstone a very small is that
so we have a way to increase the
resistance to deregulation under a
magnetic field again the iron to
horse as we increase it is not
no longer needed to have a magnet under
horseshoe shape
then the problem with these small grains
is that the magnetic forces are
very strong that it’s serious we create
agglomerates that must be broken
agglomerations can direct and have
all the grains according to one and the same
axis so it’s still today a
big problem about the nanopowders and
but we are working on new
solutions to orient this material
then I’m interested in another guy
of material it is composed of manganese
and aluminum is a material that
may have properties
very high magnetic and it was
discovered in the 50s he did not
still been industrialized since
until now the properties
magnetic was not enough face
to what already existed on the market
but it’s new technologies we
allow today to return him his
properties good properties and
the particular interest of this material
it is light it is cheap
is easy to recycle since
magnets that contain terror them
we can not recycle them again
today so aluminum we know
that it has been recycled for a very long time
the manganese he extracts at the same time
that do it and these are elements that
are considered non- polluting
so I’m going to synthesize I’m doing
alloys of manganese and aluminum
so just now I was doing some
chemical processes so with a blouse
a hood with gloves and glasses
now this process of metallurgy and
to tell you everything before for me the
metallurgy and something like that
I imagined that I was going to be asked
wear a leather apron and like
represented here that so it had to be
heat the metal of the sword soak in
water etc.
it’s actually metallurgy
but I’m using machines
who looks like that so what you this
that you see it’s a way of doing
melting by induction but metals
induction finally it’s exactly
what happens in the dishes you
have at home you see that there is a
coil an electric current will pass
in the reel and he will create himself a
magnetic field rising between the
magnetic field will interfere with the
mold and in this way I’m going
can melt very quickly
but metal is also why
you need special plates
finally special hairs for your
plates and so that suddenly food
will heat up much faster then
so I get my alloy and I’m going to
pass in the big quality that you
see right
inside this quality there to
a cool red that turns very very
quick
again I’m going to melt my
material induction and I will
eject it very quickly on this wheel
that turn
in this way I then get some
ribbons these ribbons this is not always
not a magnet he’ll have to still
process do a lot of things on these
on these ribbons and I start with them
grind at different temperatures to
different speeds then I’m going
have the tablets and it’s finally
it’s a bit of cooking but it’s
also a bit like making macaroons I
do not know if you’ve ever tried
to do with it is finally not so
simple it is necessary to proceed in stages
must respect the recipe otherwise it
does not work we do not have the beautiful
dome shining the collar and the
fluffy macaroons so me it’s a
not so good if I heat too much if I drink
Too much my material is broken down into
phases that are not magnetic and the
blow I can not made my element
so I have some phase coming out of
my 2 2 but ribbon but that is not
still not my element
it comes in this form that you
see on the left, that is to say that I have a
phase which is a very elongated hexagon
month whoever
ray is rather the very cube
friendly who’s right so the
blow to get it
we decided to support very very
strong finally on our hexagon have
I have enough heating for
perform the transformation of a phase
to each other and in this way we
hopefully it will also create a
phase a north pole is a little south
then the organization of atoms allowed
to get these crops is flattened and
the results are mixed since we
have we still do not have this pole
north and this south pole but we have
managed to increase by 40% the
disorientation by an external field or
by his own field of this material this
which was not won at the start
also have a payment to us now
who could perhaps quickly enough
found its place in the engine of
electric car traction
so suddenly we proposed here
solutions to try to replace these
elements that are highly polluting
so at the start I was talking to you
of greenhouse gas emissions
because you imagine now that
the car is actually it’s very
pollutant but hey it is still necessary
to say that the electric car that allows
despite all to reduce the emissions of
greenhouse gases as you can
see it here during the phase
of use there is almost no
of greenhouse gas emissions
compared to a vehicle that work
diesel or gasoline
provided, of course, that
renewable energy so it’s at
level of manufacture and the end of
vehicle life where there is still
today a worry is so it takes
work on it
and then finally what interests us
we are that the electric car has
be attractive bottom us motorists
and for that it is necessary that the car is
the powerful they must have a
good autonomy since the car
electric
we still have not the best
autonomy is not what is expected
and then we must also reduce the
cost because electric cars
are still too expensive and noé mans
could contribute to a small height
on these three planes since suddenly
using powerful elements we
can run the engine more
so quickly make the car powerful and
we can also increase
the autonomy of the car decreasing
so the energy used to make
turn the engine
and then there is no terror in our
loving so they are a lot less
dear so we could contribute to
reduce the price of the electric car
is all together the researchers we
so let’s try to make the car
more ecological
Thank you
[Applause]
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