you
you [Music]
see our universe has got stars planets
see our universe has got stars planets galaxies and many exotic objects
galaxies and many exotic objects
galaxies and many exotic objects it could be limitless infinitely perfect
it could be limitless infinitely perfect
it could be limitless infinitely perfect as per Bible it was born suddenly out of
as per Bible it was born suddenly out of
as per Bible it was born suddenly out of nothingness some six thousand years ago
nothingness some six thousand years ago
nothingness some six thousand years ago and the modern science of their weight
and the modern science of their weight
and the modern science of their weight their universe is called cosmology
their universe is called cosmology
their universe is called cosmology they’re the most popular model is called
they’re the most popular model is called
they’re the most popular model is called Big Bang model and aspirate again
Big Bang model and aspirate again
Big Bang model and aspirate again universe was born suddenly out of
universe was born suddenly out of
universe was born suddenly out of nothingness out of a massive explosion
nothingness out of a massive explosion
nothingness out of a massive explosion of a single point so before that they
of a single point so before that they
of a single point so before that they say there is no space no time
say there is no space no time
say there is no space no time not even that point but unlike the
not even that point but unlike the
not even that point but unlike the biblical case there are many cogent
biblical case there are many cogent
biblical case there are many cogent reasons why most of the phases today
reasons why most of the phases today
reasons why most of the phases today believe in that Big Bang model first of
believe in that Big Bang model first of
believe in that Big Bang model first of all they were very good in their
all they were very good in their
all they were very good in their evidences our universe is expanding if
evidences our universe is expanding if
evidences our universe is expanding if it is expanding if you interpolate back
it is expanding if you interpolate back
it is expanding if you interpolate back it started from a point so 13.8 billion
it started from a point so 13.8 billion
it started from a point so 13.8 billion years ago nonetheless there are many
years ago nonetheless there are many
years ago nonetheless there are many problems theoretical and observational
problems theoretical and observational
problems theoretical and observational challenges which are fighter for that we
challenges which are fighter for that we
challenges which are fighter for that we can model and today I am going to
can model and today I am going to
can model and today I am going to highlight one of such things so as for
highlight one of such things so as for
highlight one of such things so as for Big Bang model universe whatever is he
Big Bang model universe whatever is he
Big Bang model universe whatever is he galaxies stars whatever matter that
galaxies stars whatever matter that
galaxies stars whatever matter that constitute only fifteen percent of the
constitute only fifteen percent of the
constitute only fifteen percent of the available matter and rest 85 percent we
available matter and rest 85 percent we
available matter and rest 85 percent we cannot see it is called dark matter and
cannot see it is called dark matter and
cannot see it is called dark matter and it is very exotic so this is I am going
it is very exotic so this is I am going
it is very exotic so this is I am going to highlight today so what happens is
to highlight today so what happens is
to highlight today so what happens is that what is dark matter
that what is dark matter
that what is dark matter suppose a room is there it is dark
suppose a room is there it is dark
suppose a room is there it is dark except for a candle light is there so we
except for a candle light is there so we
except for a candle light is there so we can see that candle it is a luminous
can see that candle it is a luminous
can see that candle it is a luminous metal light is coming but if the candle
metal light is coming but if the candle
metal light is coming but if the candle is extinguished again we cannot see
is extinguished again we cannot see
is extinguished again we cannot see anything it’s again or Dark Matter not
anything it’s again or Dark Matter not
anything it’s again or Dark Matter not exactly
exactly
exactly this days they have night vision devices
this days they have night vision devices
this days they have night vision devices our theory so my night vision devices
our theory so my night vision devices
our theory so my night vision devices actually we can see the body wise heat
actually we can see the body wise heat
actually we can see the body wise heat emitted and in battlefield this is used
emitted and in battlefield this is used
emitted and in battlefield this is used to track the enemy there is a technical
to track the enemy there is a technical
to track the enemy there is a technical name for this heat it
name for this heat it
name for this heat it is called infrared radiation oh this
is called infrared radiation oh this
is called infrared radiation oh this visible light and infrared they are part
visible light and infrared they are part
visible light and infrared they are part of a broad thing called electromagnetic
of a broad thing called electromagnetic
of a broad thing called electromagnetic spectrum out of which we get a radio
spectrum out of which we get a radio
spectrum out of which we get a radio transmission also radio optical then
transmission also radio optical then
transmission also radio optical then x-rays x-rays use for medical sciences
x-rays x-rays use for medical sciences
x-rays x-rays use for medical sciences and gamma rays which are much more
and gamma rays which are much more
and gamma rays which are much more powerful x-rays and the astronomers have
powerful x-rays and the astronomers have
powerful x-rays and the astronomers have telescopes for all such pains so dark
telescopes for all such pains so dark
telescopes for all such pains so dark matter is one which cannot be seen by
matter is one which cannot be seen by
matter is one which cannot be seen by any of these events so nothing comes out
any of these events so nothing comes out
any of these events so nothing comes out and how do we get like so we have read
and how do we get like so we have read
and how do we get like so we have read in school also that inside atom there is
in school also that inside atom there is
in school also that inside atom there is a nucleus comprising protons and
a nucleus comprising protons and
a nucleus comprising protons and neutrons and outside it electrons are
neutrons and outside it electrons are
neutrons and outside it electrons are all writing it something like planets
all writing it something like planets
all writing it something like planets are orbiting their Sun but this electron
are orbiting their Sun but this electron
are orbiting their Sun but this electron orbits can jump from one orbit to
orbits can jump from one orbit to
orbits can jump from one orbit to another and then they emit light so this
another and then they emit light so this
another and then they emit light so this is the main source of the light but even
is the main source of the light but even
is the main source of the light but even if there is no light in principle we may
if there is no light in principle we may
if there is no light in principle we may feel that matter why suppose in the dark
feel that matter why suppose in the dark
feel that matter why suppose in the dark room also in principle we can weigh the
room also in principle we can weigh the
room also in principle we can weigh the candle if we have spring balance so what
candle if we have spring balance so what
candle if we have spring balance so what comes is a weight that is a gravity
comes is a weight that is a gravity
comes is a weight that is a gravity interaction is the arts gravity so in
interaction is the arts gravity so in
interaction is the arts gravity so in this universe all the bodies are trying
this universe all the bodies are trying
this universe all the bodies are trying to attract other this is known as
to attract other this is known as
to attract other this is known as universal property of gravity and that
universal property of gravity and that
universal property of gravity and that is the reason Apple Falls towards the
is the reason Apple Falls towards the
is the reason Apple Falls towards the art rather than flies away toward the
art rather than flies away toward the
art rather than flies away toward the sky and by using this property of
sky and by using this property of
sky and by using this property of gravity actually dark matter was in fact
gravity actually dark matter was in fact
gravity actually dark matter was in fact more than 60 years ago suppose the blue
more than 60 years ago suppose the blue
more than 60 years ago suppose the blue patch disc you are seeing our visible
patch disc you are seeing our visible
patch disc you are seeing our visible galaxies all the stars are there and now
galaxies all the stars are there and now
galaxies all the stars are there and now imagine some arbitrary some particle or
imagine some arbitrary some particle or
imagine some arbitrary some particle or some cloud is moving outside the galaxy
some cloud is moving outside the galaxy
some cloud is moving outside the galaxy if there would be no matter beyond this
if there would be no matter beyond this
if there would be no matter beyond this blue disk then effect of gravity as you
blue disk then effect of gravity as you
blue disk then effect of gravity as you go away would decrease then the speed of
go away would decrease then the speed of
go away would decrease then the speed of rotation would also follow of the way
rotation would also follow of the way
rotation would also follow of the way that it is shown in the red light
that it is shown in the red light
that it is shown in the red light because as you go farther away gravity
because as you go farther away gravity
because as you go farther away gravity is weaker if there is no matter but what
is weaker if there is no matter but what
is weaker if there is no matter but what astronomers find the most of the galaxy
astronomers find the most of the galaxy
astronomers find the most of the galaxy is called spiral galaxies the rate
is called spiral galaxies the rate
is called spiral galaxies the rate remains clouds are moving at the same
remains clouds are moving at the same
remains clouds are moving at the same speed almost that means there is a
speed almost that means there is a
speed almost that means there is a factor of gravity unseen masses there
factor of gravity unseen masses there
factor of gravity unseen masses there and that is called evidence for very
and that is called evidence for very
and that is called evidence for very good evidence for dark matter
good evidence for dark matter
good evidence for dark matter and it came from some radio line 21
and it came from some radio line 21
and it came from some radio line 21 centimeter line we know in the
centimeter line we know in the
centimeter line we know in the transistor there are various marks are
transistor there are various marks are
transistor there are various marks are there and this 21 centimeter this basel
there and this 21 centimeter this basel
there and this 21 centimeter this basel by ham radio operators the amateur radio
by ham radio operators the amateur radio
by ham radio operators the amateur radio operators how does it appear consider
operators how does it appear consider
operators how does it appear consider the simplest atom hydrogen atom just one
the simplest atom hydrogen atom just one
the simplest atom hydrogen atom just one proton and one Neutron actually both the
proton and one Neutron actually both the
proton and one Neutron actually both the protons and neutrons behave like small
protons and neutrons behave like small
protons and neutrons behave like small tops small tops they are actually
tops small tops they are actually
tops small tops they are actually spinning but what happens sometimes the
spinning but what happens sometimes the
spinning but what happens sometimes the electron flips its speed and that time
electron flips its speed and that time
electron flips its speed and that time this 21 st. winter line is emitted and
this 21 st. winter line is emitted and
this 21 st. winter line is emitted and this happens in very cold plows
this happens in very cold plows
this happens in very cold plows interstellar cloud interstellar space
interstellar cloud interstellar space
interstellar cloud interstellar space could be extremely cold it could be
could be extremely cold it could be
could be extremely cold it could be minus 200 degrees Celsius which we
minus 200 degrees Celsius which we
minus 200 degrees Celsius which we cannot imagine and but this clipping
cannot imagine and but this clipping
cannot imagine and but this clipping takes very rarely once in 10 million
takes very rarely once in 10 million
takes very rarely once in 10 million years and these lines are extremely weak
years and these lines are extremely weak
years and these lines are extremely weak so even if such a matter is they’re very
so even if such a matter is they’re very
so even if such a matter is they’re very difficult to detect so this is a very
difficult to detect so this is a very
difficult to detect so this is a very good example of that later but there
good example of that later but there
good example of that later but there could be even better example there could
could be even better example there could
could be even better example there could be some spaces even cooler we cannot
be some spaces even cooler we cannot
be some spaces even cooler we cannot imagine – to fake – 250 degree even
imagine – to fake – 250 degree even
imagine – to fake – 250 degree even Celsius so how cool many of our not from
Celsius so how cool many of our not from
Celsius so how cool many of our not from science so I can tell you it is much
science so I can tell you it is much
science so I can tell you it is much much cooler than your mentors we can is
much cooler than your mentors we can is
much cooler than your mentors we can is just imagine – 250 and now what happens
just imagine – 250 and now what happens
just imagine – 250 and now what happens to atoms as you aren’t together to form
to atoms as you aren’t together to form
to atoms as you aren’t together to form hydrogen molecule and then spin flip
hydrogen molecule and then spin flip
hydrogen molecule and then spin flip also does not take place so no emission
also does not take place so no emission
also does not take place so no emission this is perfect that might have no light
this is perfect that might have no light
this is perfect that might have no light nothing emitted but it might be detected
nothing emitted but it might be detected
nothing emitted but it might be detected for choicelessly if some carbon monoxide
for choicelessly if some carbon monoxide
for choicelessly if some carbon monoxide or some other gas is there from their
or some other gas is there from their
or some other gas is there from their emissions so although this is perfect
emissions so although this is perfect
emissions so although this is perfect dark matter this is not the dark matter
dark matter this is not the dark matter
dark matter this is not the dark matter which Big Bang model it gets why because
which Big Bang model it gets why because
which Big Bang model it gets why because we know we get various elements a carbon
we know we get various elements a carbon
we know we get various elements a carbon silicon we extract from mind but they
silicon we extract from mind but they
silicon we extract from mind but they are not produced in mind they are
are not produced in mind they are
are not produced in mind they are produced in the course of the stars
produced in the course of the stars
produced in the course of the stars which are extremely hot and these are
which are extremely hot and these are
which are extremely hot and these are like nuclear furnaces so we have various
like nuclear furnaces so we have various
like nuclear furnaces so we have various elements up to iron produced here this
elements up to iron produced here this
elements up to iron produced here this theory was known for a long time but in
theory was known for a long time but in
theory was known for a long time but in came to have form around final form in
came to have form around final form in
came to have form around final form in by this paper by
by this paper by
by this paper by breach barrage and then Fowler and well
breach barrage and then Fowler and well
breach barrage and then Fowler and well Fowler got Nobel Prize and where was the
Fowler got Nobel Prize and where was the
Fowler got Nobel Prize and where was the beta phases he was denied presumably
beta phases he was denied presumably
beta phases he was denied presumably because he would criticize many of the
because he would criticize many of the
because he would criticize many of the mainstream things like I do and they
mainstream things like I do and they
mainstream things like I do and they confound that in this case that maybe
confound that in this case that maybe
confound that in this case that maybe this but light elements like a heavy
this but light elements like a heavy
this but light elements like a heavy hydrogen something called helium they
hydrogen something called helium they
hydrogen something called helium they are not produced adequately by this
are not produced adequately by this
are not produced adequately by this thing so then they are not to put so
thing so then they are not to put so
thing so then they are not to put so then came the idea of the Big Bang
then came the idea of the Big Bang
then came the idea of the Big Bang nucleosynthesis so I take it is a huge
nucleosynthesis so I take it is a huge
nucleosynthesis so I take it is a huge explosion Big Bang and they found that
explosion Big Bang and they found that
explosion Big Bang and they found that in the first three to 20 minutes of the
in the first three to 20 minutes of the
in the first three to 20 minutes of the universe so hot these elements can be
universe so hot these elements can be
universe so hot these elements can be produced indeed it produced 24 percent
produced indeed it produced 24 percent
produced indeed it produced 24 percent of the matter in the is helium a nicely
of the matter in the is helium a nicely
of the matter in the is helium a nicely produced without any dark matter but
produced without any dark matter but
produced without any dark matter but they know it comes to heavy hydrogen it
they know it comes to heavy hydrogen it
they know it comes to heavy hydrogen it failed it was over producing then that
failed it was over producing then that
failed it was over producing then that with the theory they found that only 15
with the theory they found that only 15
with the theory they found that only 15 percent protons and neutrons interacting
percent protons and neutrons interacting
percent protons and neutrons interacting they can match it so they need so rest
they can match it so they need so rest
they can match it so they need so rest of the 85 percent must be such they do
of the 85 percent must be such they do
of the 85 percent must be such they do not interact except for some weak
not interact except for some weak
not interact except for some weak interaction which is something thousand
interaction which is something thousand
interaction which is something thousand times we kept then whatever electric
times we kept then whatever electric
times we kept then whatever electric interactions so this is the genesis of
interactions so this is the genesis of
interactions so this is the genesis of Big Bang dark matter and its nature came
Big Bang dark matter and its nature came
Big Bang dark matter and its nature came to be known much later in the 1990s we
to be known much later in the 1990s we
to be known much later in the 1990s we had a new principal and physics called
had a new principal and physics called
had a new principal and physics called supersymmetry suppose we are standing
supersymmetry suppose we are standing
supersymmetry suppose we are standing before a mirror we see identical image
before a mirror we see identical image
before a mirror we see identical image except right looks left and let looks
except right looks left and let looks
except right looks left and let looks like so there is a abstract mirror
like so there is a abstract mirror
like so there is a abstract mirror supersymmetry electron has counterpart
supersymmetry electron has counterpart
supersymmetry electron has counterpart proton has its counterpart neutron has a
proton has its counterpart neutron has a
proton has its counterpart neutron has a counter but this counter two very major
counter but this counter two very major
counter but this counter two very major side is in this case much heavier and
side is in this case much heavier and
side is in this case much heavier and they have exotic properties it was found
they have exotic properties it was found
they have exotic properties it was found that some combination of some exotic
that some combination of some exotic
that some combination of some exotic particles can put the bill of Big Ben
particles can put the bill of Big Ben
particles can put the bill of Big Ben back meter it was called weakly
back meter it was called weakly
back meter it was called weakly interacting massive particle it could be
interacting massive particle it could be
interacting massive particle it could be heavier than protune ten times or even
heavier than protune ten times or even
heavier than protune ten times or even hundred times heavier than proton and
hundred times heavier than proton and
hundred times heavier than proton and then they said in the next century we
then they said in the next century we
then they said in the next century we will have very good telescopes they will
will have very good telescopes they will
will have very good telescopes they will be able to detect it idea was that in
be able to detect it idea was that in
be able to detect it idea was that in the center of the galaxy this wimps will
the center of the galaxy this wimps will
the center of the galaxy this wimps will concentrate and they will interact among
concentrate and they will interact among
concentrate and they will interact among themselves to produce some gamma rays
themselves to produce some gamma rays
themselves to produce some gamma rays and neutrinos which are detectable so
and neutrinos which are detectable so
and neutrinos which are detectable so from 2004 these experiments are going on
from 2004 these experiments are going on
from 2004 these experiments are going on and to cut a long story short now many
and to cut a long story short now many
and to cut a long story short now many claims were there they haven’t found
claims were there they haven’t found
claims were there they haven’t found this is from CERN latest thing no dark
this is from CERN latest thing no dark
this is from CERN latest thing no dark matter say
matter say
matter say has been no gamma X is from that meter
has been no gamma X is from that meter
has been no gamma X is from that meter has been found and this is from physical
has been found and this is from physical
has been found and this is from physical review later or physics journal and
review later or physics journal and
review later or physics journal and there’s a pace also there’s a huge
there’s a pace also there’s a huge
there’s a pace also there’s a huge gamma-ray telescope the Fermi gamma-ray
gamma-ray telescope the Fermi gamma-ray
gamma-ray telescope the Fermi gamma-ray telescope six year observation they have
telescope six year observation they have
telescope six year observation they have not found any signature of any that
not found any signature of any that
not found any signature of any that might appear – now they try to also
might appear – now they try to also
might appear – now they try to also detect indirectly indirectly what they
detect indirectly indirectly what they
detect indirectly indirectly what they do they try to this wimpy supposed to
do they try to this wimpy supposed to
do they try to this wimpy supposed to interact with liquid xenon and produce
interact with liquid xenon and produce
interact with liquid xenon and produce neutrons which are detectable this is
neutrons which are detectable this is
neutrons which are detectable this is called last large xenon experiment and
called last large xenon experiment and
called last large xenon experiment and again latest result is that nothing has
again latest result is that nothing has
again latest result is that nothing has been found and in 2008 we produced we
been found and in 2008 we produced we
been found and in 2008 we produced we made the biggest machine of human kind
made the biggest machine of human kind
made the biggest machine of human kind it is called large hadron collider Large
it is called large hadron collider Large
it is called large hadron collider Large Hadron Collider is in Switzerland
Hadron Collider is in Switzerland
Hadron Collider is in Switzerland underground machine 27 kilometer isn’t
underground machine 27 kilometer isn’t
underground machine 27 kilometer isn’t ring and they told that once it will
ring and they told that once it will
ring and they told that once it will come all the Williams will be found
come all the Williams will be found
come all the Williams will be found supersymmetry everything will be
supersymmetry everything will be
supersymmetry everything will be determined but the fact that nothing has
determined but the fact that nothing has
determined but the fact that nothing has been found and this is the highlight and
been found and this is the highlight and
been found and this is the highlight and quite embarrassing highlight this
quite embarrassing highlight this
quite embarrassing highlight this headlight the leading theory of dark
headlight the leading theory of dark
headlight the leading theory of dark matter running out of room to hide and
matter running out of room to hide and
matter running out of room to hide and next is so these are all product of
next is so these are all product of
next is so these are all product of supersymmetry it is called Susy so these
supersymmetry it is called Susy so these
supersymmetry it is called Susy so these particles are not there because Susie
particles are not there because Susie
particles are not there because Susie has failed so supersymmetry fails many
has failed so supersymmetry fails many
has failed so supersymmetry fails many it is a big blow use in particle physics
it is a big blow use in particle physics
it is a big blow use in particle physics so particle physics has a big so then
so particle physics has a big so then
so particle physics has a big so then they also escape route predicts other
they also escape route predicts other
they also escape route predicts other weird particles one is axial those
weird particles one is axial those
weird particles one is axial those experiments have gone parallely and
experiments have gone parallely and
experiments have gone parallely and Noah’s room has been found so there is a
Noah’s room has been found so there is a
Noah’s room has been found so there is a Karl proper he is a very famous science
Karl proper he is a very famous science
Karl proper he is a very famous science philosopher of modern times so he says
philosopher of modern times so he says
philosopher of modern times so he says all physical theories of latent
all physical theories of latent
all physical theories of latent assumptions so sometimes they match some
assumptions so sometimes they match some
assumptions so sometimes they match some observations but that is not the proper
observations but that is not the proper
observations but that is not the proper verification so they can be only refute
verification so they can be only refute
verification so they can be only refute it if some time they are finally found
it if some time they are finally found
it if some time they are finally found to be contradictory they can only do
to be contradictory they can only do
to be contradictory they can only do foot it so this big bank draft material
foot it so this big bank draft material
foot it so this big bank draft material has not been found simply a ssin Big
has not been found simply a ssin Big
has not been found simply a ssin Big Bang model has also fallen apart then
Bang model has also fallen apart then
Bang model has also fallen apart then you can question how these light
you can question how these light
you can question how these light elements are produced so the same
elements are produced so the same
elements are produced so the same Barbies and well the demon state they
Barbies and well the demon state they
Barbies and well the demon state they are old were 40 year old well sometimes
are old were 40 year old well sometimes
are old were 40 year old well sometimes if a few years at death
if a few years at death
if a few years at death now they find this helium can indeed be
now they find this helium can indeed be
now they find this helium can indeed be produced in the Steeler course and the
produced in the Steeler course and the
produced in the Steeler course and the energy released it with so much that it
energy released it with so much that it
energy released it with so much that it can explain what is called cosmic
can explain what is called cosmic
can explain what is called cosmic microwave background radiation we just
microwave background radiation we just
microwave background radiation we just considered the biggest proof a haze of
considered the biggest proof a haze of
considered the biggest proof a haze of microwave radiation which is the biggest
microwave radiation which is the biggest
microwave radiation which is the biggest proof of Big Bang they said that might
proof of Big Bang they said that might
proof of Big Bang they said that might be explained by this thing in addition
be explained by this thing in addition
be explained by this thing in addition they were found that all these lighter
they were found that all these lighter
they were found that all these lighter elements other lighter elements like
elements other lighter elements like
elements other lighter elements like lithium and other things can be also
lithium and other things can be also
lithium and other things can be also explained if the universe is older then
explained if the universe is older then
explained if the universe is older then what big fences and if the Big Bang
what big fences and if the Big Bang
what big fences and if the Big Bang model has really fallen then universe
model has really fallen then universe
model has really fallen then universe could as well be older also and the
could as well be older also and the
could as well be older also and the biggest challenge to dark matter at this
biggest challenge to dark matter at this
biggest challenge to dark matter at this became even later it is very recent last
became even later it is very recent last
became even later it is very recent last month’s paper again physical removal
month’s paper again physical removal
month’s paper again physical removal later 153 galaxies the same rotation
later 153 galaxies the same rotation
later 153 galaxies the same rotation curve has been now done 153 year and the
curve has been now done 153 year and the
curve has been now done 153 year and the conclusion bottom line is that it can be
conclusion bottom line is that it can be
conclusion bottom line is that it can be explained in terms of normal matter
explained in terms of normal matter
explained in terms of normal matter proton and neutron no big bangs or
proton and neutron no big bangs or
proton and neutron no big bangs or ticket admitted and what gave it is
ticket admitted and what gave it is
ticket admitted and what gave it is short there’s this observation this has
short there’s this observation this has
short there’s this observation this has again recent result one galaxy has been
again recent result one galaxy has been
again recent result one galaxy has been found which is full of neutral hydrogen
found which is full of neutral hydrogen
found which is full of neutral hydrogen now you can see the ring now in this
now you can see the ring now in this
now you can see the ring now in this ring as per Big Ben paradigm they should
ring as per Big Ben paradigm they should
ring as per Big Ben paradigm they should win kind of thing but what they have
win kind of thing but what they have
win kind of thing but what they have found out of the same 21 centimeter lion
found out of the same 21 centimeter lion
found out of the same 21 centimeter lion it is neutral hydrogen so we are back to
it is neutral hydrogen so we are back to
it is neutral hydrogen so we are back to square one after 61 we detected dark
square one after 61 we detected dark
square one after 61 we detected dark matter from 21 centimeter line and now
matter from 21 centimeter line and now
matter from 21 centimeter line and now again we are finding galaxy is full of
again we are finding galaxy is full of
again we are finding galaxy is full of hydrogen and it is that might in
hydrogen and it is that might in
hydrogen and it is that might in straight up to the big event diameter we
straight up to the big event diameter we
straight up to the big event diameter we have neutral hydrogen further this
have neutral hydrogen further this
have neutral hydrogen further this month’s news one galaxy now not galaxy
month’s news one galaxy now not galaxy
month’s news one galaxy now not galaxy galaxy cluster there thousands of
galaxy cluster there thousands of
galaxy cluster there thousands of galaxies are being formed and that area
galaxies are being formed and that area
galaxies are being formed and that area is full of neutral now cold hydrogen
is full of neutral now cold hydrogen
is full of neutral now cold hydrogen molecule so most likely dark matter is
molecule so most likely dark matter is
molecule so most likely dark matter is not what a big bang tells but it is
not what a big bang tells but it is
not what a big bang tells but it is ordinary matter so this means that
this means the big bank paradigm hips
this means the big bank paradigm hips because dark matter is not there it has
because dark matter is not there it has
because dark matter is not there it has fallen and his supersymmetry has fallen
fallen and his supersymmetry has fallen
fallen and his supersymmetry has fallen then this is a problem for particle
then this is a problem for particle
then this is a problem for particle physics now in particle physics earlier
physics now in particle physics earlier
physics now in particle physics earlier we knew that electricity is a separate
we knew that electricity is a separate
we knew that electricity is a separate property say 100 years back and
property say 100 years back and
property say 100 years back and magnetism is a separate property then we
magnetism is a separate property then we
magnetism is a separate property then we had there actually if two facets of the
had there actually if two facets of the
had there actually if two facets of the same thing called electromagnetism
same thing called electromagnetism
same thing called electromagnetism so freezers have been trying to unify
so freezers have been trying to unify
so freezers have been trying to unify all interactions Einstein ratted it for
all interactions Einstein ratted it for
all interactions Einstein ratted it for 80 years going on not only
80 years going on not only
80 years going on not only electromagnetism
electromagnetism
electromagnetism I see nuclear forces there they try to
I see nuclear forces there they try to
I see nuclear forces there they try to unify nuclear physics and also the weak
unify nuclear physics and also the weak
unify nuclear physics and also the weak interaction which gives to radioactivity
interaction which gives to radioactivity
interaction which gives to radioactivity all these four forces plus gravity and
all these four forces plus gravity and
all these four forces plus gravity and that too in a framework called quantum
that too in a framework called quantum
that too in a framework called quantum mechanics what is quantum mechanics
mechanics what is quantum mechanics
mechanics what is quantum mechanics normal rules are by Newtonian thing but
normal rules are by Newtonian thing but
normal rules are by Newtonian thing but at the atomic level something works
at the atomic level something works
at the atomic level something works called quantum mechanics so using
called quantum mechanics so using
called quantum mechanics so using incorporating they incorporate the
incorporating they incorporate the
incorporating they incorporate the biggest program for the last 40 years is
biggest program for the last 40 years is
biggest program for the last 40 years is called super string theory so 10,000
called super string theory so 10,000
called super string theory so 10,000 free societies have many brilliant minds
free societies have many brilliant minds
free societies have many brilliant minds even now thousands are working they are
even now thousands are working they are
even now thousands are working they are most powerful people they get weaned all
most powerful people they get weaned all
most powerful people they get weaned all of all their works most powerful card in
of all their works most powerful card in
of all their works most powerful card in the science actually it is the high
the science actually it is the high
the science actually it is the high priests of Big Bang physics and many
priests of Big Bang physics and many
priests of Big Bang physics and many leveller eats with the air and this
leveller eats with the air and this
leveller eats with the air and this particle physics super string they are
particle physics super string they are
particle physics super string they are controlling the theoretical physics now
controlling the theoretical physics now
controlling the theoretical physics now as I told if supersymmetry has fallen
as I told if supersymmetry has fallen
as I told if supersymmetry has fallen supersu mystics in theory has also
supersu mystics in theory has also
supersu mystics in theory has also tacitly fallen but it does not mean that
tacitly fallen but it does not mean that
tacitly fallen but it does not mean that they are going to high priests are going
they are going to high priests are going
they are going to high priests are going to admit it they will go on working more
to admit it they will go on working more
to admit it they will go on working more PhDs will be there most projects will be
PhDs will be there most projects will be
PhDs will be there most projects will be there they are controlling the
there they are controlling the
there they are controlling the theoretical physics and we will be
theoretical physics and we will be
theoretical physics and we will be compelled to say that emperor has all
compelled to say that emperor has all
compelled to say that emperor has all the clothes on thank you
you [Music]
see our universe has got stars planets
see our universe has got stars planets galaxies and many exotic objects
galaxies and many exotic objects
galaxies and many exotic objects it could be limitless infinitely perfect
it could be limitless infinitely perfect
it could be limitless infinitely perfect as per Bible it was born suddenly out of
as per Bible it was born suddenly out of
as per Bible it was born suddenly out of nothingness some six thousand years ago
nothingness some six thousand years ago
nothingness some six thousand years ago and the modern science of their weight
and the modern science of their weight
and the modern science of their weight their universe is called cosmology
their universe is called cosmology
their universe is called cosmology they’re the most popular model is called
they’re the most popular model is called
they’re the most popular model is called Big Bang model and aspirate again
Big Bang model and aspirate again
Big Bang model and aspirate again universe was born suddenly out of
universe was born suddenly out of
universe was born suddenly out of nothingness out of a massive explosion
nothingness out of a massive explosion
nothingness out of a massive explosion of a single point so before that they
of a single point so before that they
of a single point so before that they say there is no space no time
say there is no space no time
say there is no space no time not even that point but unlike the
not even that point but unlike the
not even that point but unlike the biblical case there are many cogent
biblical case there are many cogent
biblical case there are many cogent reasons why most of the phases today
reasons why most of the phases today
reasons why most of the phases today believe in that Big Bang model first of
believe in that Big Bang model first of
believe in that Big Bang model first of all they were very good in their
all they were very good in their
all they were very good in their evidences our universe is expanding if
evidences our universe is expanding if
evidences our universe is expanding if it is expanding if you interpolate back
it is expanding if you interpolate back
it is expanding if you interpolate back it started from a point so 13.8 billion
it started from a point so 13.8 billion
it started from a point so 13.8 billion years ago nonetheless there are many
years ago nonetheless there are many
years ago nonetheless there are many problems theoretical and observational
problems theoretical and observational
problems theoretical and observational challenges which are fighter for that we
challenges which are fighter for that we
challenges which are fighter for that we can model and today I am going to
can model and today I am going to
can model and today I am going to highlight one of such things so as for
highlight one of such things so as for
highlight one of such things so as for Big Bang model universe whatever is he
Big Bang model universe whatever is he
Big Bang model universe whatever is he galaxies stars whatever matter that
galaxies stars whatever matter that
galaxies stars whatever matter that constitute only fifteen percent of the
constitute only fifteen percent of the
constitute only fifteen percent of the available matter and rest 85 percent we
available matter and rest 85 percent we
available matter and rest 85 percent we cannot see it is called dark matter and
cannot see it is called dark matter and
cannot see it is called dark matter and it is very exotic so this is I am going
it is very exotic so this is I am going
it is very exotic so this is I am going to highlight today so what happens is
to highlight today so what happens is
to highlight today so what happens is that what is dark matter
that what is dark matter
that what is dark matter suppose a room is there it is dark
suppose a room is there it is dark
suppose a room is there it is dark except for a candle light is there so we
except for a candle light is there so we
except for a candle light is there so we can see that candle it is a luminous
can see that candle it is a luminous
can see that candle it is a luminous metal light is coming but if the candle
metal light is coming but if the candle
metal light is coming but if the candle is extinguished again we cannot see
is extinguished again we cannot see
is extinguished again we cannot see anything it’s again or Dark Matter not
anything it’s again or Dark Matter not
anything it’s again or Dark Matter not exactly
exactly
exactly this days they have night vision devices
this days they have night vision devices
this days they have night vision devices our theory so my night vision devices
our theory so my night vision devices
our theory so my night vision devices actually we can see the body wise heat
actually we can see the body wise heat
actually we can see the body wise heat emitted and in battlefield this is used
emitted and in battlefield this is used
emitted and in battlefield this is used to track the enemy there is a technical
to track the enemy there is a technical
to track the enemy there is a technical name for this heat it
name for this heat it
name for this heat it is called infrared radiation oh this
is called infrared radiation oh this
is called infrared radiation oh this visible light and infrared they are part
visible light and infrared they are part
visible light and infrared they are part of a broad thing called electromagnetic
of a broad thing called electromagnetic
of a broad thing called electromagnetic spectrum out of which we get a radio
spectrum out of which we get a radio
spectrum out of which we get a radio transmission also radio optical then
transmission also radio optical then
transmission also radio optical then x-rays x-rays use for medical sciences
x-rays x-rays use for medical sciences
x-rays x-rays use for medical sciences and gamma rays which are much more
and gamma rays which are much more
and gamma rays which are much more powerful x-rays and the astronomers have
powerful x-rays and the astronomers have
powerful x-rays and the astronomers have telescopes for all such pains so dark
telescopes for all such pains so dark
telescopes for all such pains so dark matter is one which cannot be seen by
matter is one which cannot be seen by
matter is one which cannot be seen by any of these events so nothing comes out
any of these events so nothing comes out
any of these events so nothing comes out and how do we get like so we have read
and how do we get like so we have read
and how do we get like so we have read in school also that inside atom there is
in school also that inside atom there is
in school also that inside atom there is a nucleus comprising protons and
a nucleus comprising protons and
a nucleus comprising protons and neutrons and outside it electrons are
neutrons and outside it electrons are
neutrons and outside it electrons are all writing it something like planets
all writing it something like planets
all writing it something like planets are orbiting their Sun but this electron
are orbiting their Sun but this electron
are orbiting their Sun but this electron orbits can jump from one orbit to
orbits can jump from one orbit to
orbits can jump from one orbit to another and then they emit light so this
another and then they emit light so this
another and then they emit light so this is the main source of the light but even
is the main source of the light but even
is the main source of the light but even if there is no light in principle we may
if there is no light in principle we may
if there is no light in principle we may feel that matter why suppose in the dark
feel that matter why suppose in the dark
feel that matter why suppose in the dark room also in principle we can weigh the
room also in principle we can weigh the
room also in principle we can weigh the candle if we have spring balance so what
candle if we have spring balance so what
candle if we have spring balance so what comes is a weight that is a gravity
comes is a weight that is a gravity
comes is a weight that is a gravity interaction is the arts gravity so in
interaction is the arts gravity so in
interaction is the arts gravity so in this universe all the bodies are trying
this universe all the bodies are trying
this universe all the bodies are trying to attract other this is known as
to attract other this is known as
to attract other this is known as universal property of gravity and that
universal property of gravity and that
universal property of gravity and that is the reason Apple Falls towards the
is the reason Apple Falls towards the
is the reason Apple Falls towards the art rather than flies away toward the
art rather than flies away toward the
art rather than flies away toward the sky and by using this property of
sky and by using this property of
sky and by using this property of gravity actually dark matter was in fact
gravity actually dark matter was in fact
gravity actually dark matter was in fact more than 60 years ago suppose the blue
more than 60 years ago suppose the blue
more than 60 years ago suppose the blue patch disc you are seeing our visible
patch disc you are seeing our visible
patch disc you are seeing our visible galaxies all the stars are there and now
galaxies all the stars are there and now
galaxies all the stars are there and now imagine some arbitrary some particle or
imagine some arbitrary some particle or
imagine some arbitrary some particle or some cloud is moving outside the galaxy
some cloud is moving outside the galaxy
some cloud is moving outside the galaxy if there would be no matter beyond this
if there would be no matter beyond this
if there would be no matter beyond this blue disk then effect of gravity as you
blue disk then effect of gravity as you
blue disk then effect of gravity as you go away would decrease then the speed of
go away would decrease then the speed of
go away would decrease then the speed of rotation would also follow of the way
rotation would also follow of the way
rotation would also follow of the way that it is shown in the red light
that it is shown in the red light
that it is shown in the red light because as you go farther away gravity
because as you go farther away gravity
because as you go farther away gravity is weaker if there is no matter but what
is weaker if there is no matter but what
is weaker if there is no matter but what astronomers find the most of the galaxy
astronomers find the most of the galaxy
astronomers find the most of the galaxy is called spiral galaxies the rate
is called spiral galaxies the rate
is called spiral galaxies the rate remains clouds are moving at the same
remains clouds are moving at the same
remains clouds are moving at the same speed almost that means there is a
speed almost that means there is a
speed almost that means there is a factor of gravity unseen masses there
factor of gravity unseen masses there
factor of gravity unseen masses there and that is called evidence for very
and that is called evidence for very
and that is called evidence for very good evidence for dark matter
good evidence for dark matter
good evidence for dark matter and it came from some radio line 21
and it came from some radio line 21
and it came from some radio line 21 centimeter line we know in the
centimeter line we know in the
centimeter line we know in the transistor there are various marks are
transistor there are various marks are
transistor there are various marks are there and this 21 centimeter this basel
there and this 21 centimeter this basel
there and this 21 centimeter this basel by ham radio operators the amateur radio
by ham radio operators the amateur radio
by ham radio operators the amateur radio operators how does it appear consider
operators how does it appear consider
operators how does it appear consider the simplest atom hydrogen atom just one
the simplest atom hydrogen atom just one
the simplest atom hydrogen atom just one proton and one Neutron actually both the
proton and one Neutron actually both the
proton and one Neutron actually both the protons and neutrons behave like small
protons and neutrons behave like small
protons and neutrons behave like small tops small tops they are actually
tops small tops they are actually
tops small tops they are actually spinning but what happens sometimes the
spinning but what happens sometimes the
spinning but what happens sometimes the electron flips its speed and that time
electron flips its speed and that time
electron flips its speed and that time this 21 st. winter line is emitted and
this 21 st. winter line is emitted and
this 21 st. winter line is emitted and this happens in very cold plows
this happens in very cold plows
this happens in very cold plows interstellar cloud interstellar space
interstellar cloud interstellar space
interstellar cloud interstellar space could be extremely cold it could be
could be extremely cold it could be
could be extremely cold it could be minus 200 degrees Celsius which we
minus 200 degrees Celsius which we
minus 200 degrees Celsius which we cannot imagine and but this clipping
cannot imagine and but this clipping
cannot imagine and but this clipping takes very rarely once in 10 million
takes very rarely once in 10 million
takes very rarely once in 10 million years and these lines are extremely weak
years and these lines are extremely weak
years and these lines are extremely weak so even if such a matter is they’re very
so even if such a matter is they’re very
so even if such a matter is they’re very difficult to detect so this is a very
difficult to detect so this is a very
difficult to detect so this is a very good example of that later but there
good example of that later but there
good example of that later but there could be even better example there could
could be even better example there could
could be even better example there could be some spaces even cooler we cannot
be some spaces even cooler we cannot
be some spaces even cooler we cannot imagine – to fake – 250 degree even
imagine – to fake – 250 degree even
imagine – to fake – 250 degree even Celsius so how cool many of our not from
Celsius so how cool many of our not from
Celsius so how cool many of our not from science so I can tell you it is much
science so I can tell you it is much
science so I can tell you it is much much cooler than your mentors we can is
much cooler than your mentors we can is
much cooler than your mentors we can is just imagine – 250 and now what happens
just imagine – 250 and now what happens
just imagine – 250 and now what happens to atoms as you aren’t together to form
to atoms as you aren’t together to form
to atoms as you aren’t together to form hydrogen molecule and then spin flip
hydrogen molecule and then spin flip
hydrogen molecule and then spin flip also does not take place so no emission
also does not take place so no emission
also does not take place so no emission this is perfect that might have no light
this is perfect that might have no light
this is perfect that might have no light nothing emitted but it might be detected
nothing emitted but it might be detected
nothing emitted but it might be detected for choicelessly if some carbon monoxide
for choicelessly if some carbon monoxide
for choicelessly if some carbon monoxide or some other gas is there from their
or some other gas is there from their
or some other gas is there from their emissions so although this is perfect
emissions so although this is perfect
emissions so although this is perfect dark matter this is not the dark matter
dark matter this is not the dark matter
dark matter this is not the dark matter which Big Bang model it gets why because
which Big Bang model it gets why because
which Big Bang model it gets why because we know we get various elements a carbon
we know we get various elements a carbon
we know we get various elements a carbon silicon we extract from mind but they
silicon we extract from mind but they
silicon we extract from mind but they are not produced in mind they are
are not produced in mind they are
are not produced in mind they are produced in the course of the stars
produced in the course of the stars
produced in the course of the stars which are extremely hot and these are
which are extremely hot and these are
which are extremely hot and these are like nuclear furnaces so we have various
like nuclear furnaces so we have various
like nuclear furnaces so we have various elements up to iron produced here this
elements up to iron produced here this
elements up to iron produced here this theory was known for a long time but in
theory was known for a long time but in
theory was known for a long time but in came to have form around final form in
came to have form around final form in
came to have form around final form in by this paper by
by this paper by
by this paper by breach barrage and then Fowler and well
breach barrage and then Fowler and well
breach barrage and then Fowler and well Fowler got Nobel Prize and where was the
Fowler got Nobel Prize and where was the
Fowler got Nobel Prize and where was the beta phases he was denied presumably
beta phases he was denied presumably
beta phases he was denied presumably because he would criticize many of the
because he would criticize many of the
because he would criticize many of the mainstream things like I do and they
mainstream things like I do and they
mainstream things like I do and they confound that in this case that maybe
confound that in this case that maybe
confound that in this case that maybe this but light elements like a heavy
this but light elements like a heavy
this but light elements like a heavy hydrogen something called helium they
hydrogen something called helium they
hydrogen something called helium they are not produced adequately by this
are not produced adequately by this
are not produced adequately by this thing so then they are not to put so
thing so then they are not to put so
thing so then they are not to put so then came the idea of the Big Bang
then came the idea of the Big Bang
then came the idea of the Big Bang nucleosynthesis so I take it is a huge
nucleosynthesis so I take it is a huge
nucleosynthesis so I take it is a huge explosion Big Bang and they found that
explosion Big Bang and they found that
explosion Big Bang and they found that in the first three to 20 minutes of the
in the first three to 20 minutes of the
in the first three to 20 minutes of the universe so hot these elements can be
universe so hot these elements can be
universe so hot these elements can be produced indeed it produced 24 percent
produced indeed it produced 24 percent
produced indeed it produced 24 percent of the matter in the is helium a nicely
of the matter in the is helium a nicely
of the matter in the is helium a nicely produced without any dark matter but
produced without any dark matter but
produced without any dark matter but they know it comes to heavy hydrogen it
they know it comes to heavy hydrogen it
they know it comes to heavy hydrogen it failed it was over producing then that
failed it was over producing then that
failed it was over producing then that with the theory they found that only 15
with the theory they found that only 15
with the theory they found that only 15 percent protons and neutrons interacting
percent protons and neutrons interacting
percent protons and neutrons interacting they can match it so they need so rest
they can match it so they need so rest
they can match it so they need so rest of the 85 percent must be such they do
of the 85 percent must be such they do
of the 85 percent must be such they do not interact except for some weak
not interact except for some weak
not interact except for some weak interaction which is something thousand
interaction which is something thousand
interaction which is something thousand times we kept then whatever electric
times we kept then whatever electric
times we kept then whatever electric interactions so this is the genesis of
interactions so this is the genesis of
interactions so this is the genesis of Big Bang dark matter and its nature came
Big Bang dark matter and its nature came
Big Bang dark matter and its nature came to be known much later in the 1990s we
to be known much later in the 1990s we
to be known much later in the 1990s we had a new principal and physics called
had a new principal and physics called
had a new principal and physics called supersymmetry suppose we are standing
supersymmetry suppose we are standing
supersymmetry suppose we are standing before a mirror we see identical image
before a mirror we see identical image
before a mirror we see identical image except right looks left and let looks
except right looks left and let looks
except right looks left and let looks like so there is a abstract mirror
like so there is a abstract mirror
like so there is a abstract mirror supersymmetry electron has counterpart
supersymmetry electron has counterpart
supersymmetry electron has counterpart proton has its counterpart neutron has a
proton has its counterpart neutron has a
proton has its counterpart neutron has a counter but this counter two very major
counter but this counter two very major
counter but this counter two very major side is in this case much heavier and
side is in this case much heavier and
side is in this case much heavier and they have exotic properties it was found
they have exotic properties it was found
they have exotic properties it was found that some combination of some exotic
that some combination of some exotic
that some combination of some exotic particles can put the bill of Big Ben
particles can put the bill of Big Ben
particles can put the bill of Big Ben back meter it was called weakly
back meter it was called weakly
back meter it was called weakly interacting massive particle it could be
interacting massive particle it could be
interacting massive particle it could be heavier than protune ten times or even
heavier than protune ten times or even
heavier than protune ten times or even hundred times heavier than proton and
hundred times heavier than proton and
hundred times heavier than proton and then they said in the next century we
then they said in the next century we
then they said in the next century we will have very good telescopes they will
will have very good telescopes they will
will have very good telescopes they will be able to detect it idea was that in
be able to detect it idea was that in
be able to detect it idea was that in the center of the galaxy this wimps will
the center of the galaxy this wimps will
the center of the galaxy this wimps will concentrate and they will interact among
concentrate and they will interact among
concentrate and they will interact among themselves to produce some gamma rays
themselves to produce some gamma rays
themselves to produce some gamma rays and neutrinos which are detectable so
and neutrinos which are detectable so
and neutrinos which are detectable so from 2004 these experiments are going on
from 2004 these experiments are going on
from 2004 these experiments are going on and to cut a long story short now many
and to cut a long story short now many
and to cut a long story short now many claims were there they haven’t found
claims were there they haven’t found
claims were there they haven’t found this is from CERN latest thing no dark
this is from CERN latest thing no dark
this is from CERN latest thing no dark matter say
matter say
matter say has been no gamma X is from that meter
has been no gamma X is from that meter
has been no gamma X is from that meter has been found and this is from physical
has been found and this is from physical
has been found and this is from physical review later or physics journal and
review later or physics journal and
review later or physics journal and there’s a pace also there’s a huge
there’s a pace also there’s a huge
there’s a pace also there’s a huge gamma-ray telescope the Fermi gamma-ray
gamma-ray telescope the Fermi gamma-ray
gamma-ray telescope the Fermi gamma-ray telescope six year observation they have
telescope six year observation they have
telescope six year observation they have not found any signature of any that
not found any signature of any that
not found any signature of any that might appear – now they try to also
might appear – now they try to also
might appear – now they try to also detect indirectly indirectly what they
detect indirectly indirectly what they
detect indirectly indirectly what they do they try to this wimpy supposed to
do they try to this wimpy supposed to
do they try to this wimpy supposed to interact with liquid xenon and produce
interact with liquid xenon and produce
interact with liquid xenon and produce neutrons which are detectable this is
neutrons which are detectable this is
neutrons which are detectable this is called last large xenon experiment and
called last large xenon experiment and
called last large xenon experiment and again latest result is that nothing has
again latest result is that nothing has
again latest result is that nothing has been found and in 2008 we produced we
been found and in 2008 we produced we
been found and in 2008 we produced we made the biggest machine of human kind
made the biggest machine of human kind
made the biggest machine of human kind it is called large hadron collider Large
it is called large hadron collider Large
it is called large hadron collider Large Hadron Collider is in Switzerland
Hadron Collider is in Switzerland
Hadron Collider is in Switzerland underground machine 27 kilometer isn’t
underground machine 27 kilometer isn’t
underground machine 27 kilometer isn’t ring and they told that once it will
ring and they told that once it will
ring and they told that once it will come all the Williams will be found
come all the Williams will be found
come all the Williams will be found supersymmetry everything will be
supersymmetry everything will be
supersymmetry everything will be determined but the fact that nothing has
determined but the fact that nothing has
determined but the fact that nothing has been found and this is the highlight and
been found and this is the highlight and
been found and this is the highlight and quite embarrassing highlight this
quite embarrassing highlight this
quite embarrassing highlight this headlight the leading theory of dark
headlight the leading theory of dark
headlight the leading theory of dark matter running out of room to hide and
matter running out of room to hide and
matter running out of room to hide and next is so these are all product of
next is so these are all product of
next is so these are all product of supersymmetry it is called Susy so these
supersymmetry it is called Susy so these
supersymmetry it is called Susy so these particles are not there because Susie
particles are not there because Susie
particles are not there because Susie has failed so supersymmetry fails many
has failed so supersymmetry fails many
has failed so supersymmetry fails many it is a big blow use in particle physics
it is a big blow use in particle physics
it is a big blow use in particle physics so particle physics has a big so then
so particle physics has a big so then
so particle physics has a big so then they also escape route predicts other
they also escape route predicts other
they also escape route predicts other weird particles one is axial those
weird particles one is axial those
weird particles one is axial those experiments have gone parallely and
experiments have gone parallely and
experiments have gone parallely and Noah’s room has been found so there is a
Noah’s room has been found so there is a
Noah’s room has been found so there is a Karl proper he is a very famous science
Karl proper he is a very famous science
Karl proper he is a very famous science philosopher of modern times so he says
philosopher of modern times so he says
philosopher of modern times so he says all physical theories of latent
all physical theories of latent
all physical theories of latent assumptions so sometimes they match some
assumptions so sometimes they match some
assumptions so sometimes they match some observations but that is not the proper
observations but that is not the proper
observations but that is not the proper verification so they can be only refute
verification so they can be only refute
verification so they can be only refute it if some time they are finally found
it if some time they are finally found
it if some time they are finally found to be contradictory they can only do
to be contradictory they can only do
to be contradictory they can only do foot it so this big bank draft material
foot it so this big bank draft material
foot it so this big bank draft material has not been found simply a ssin Big
has not been found simply a ssin Big
has not been found simply a ssin Big Bang model has also fallen apart then
Bang model has also fallen apart then
Bang model has also fallen apart then you can question how these light
you can question how these light
you can question how these light elements are produced so the same
elements are produced so the same
elements are produced so the same Barbies and well the demon state they
Barbies and well the demon state they
Barbies and well the demon state they are old were 40 year old well sometimes
are old were 40 year old well sometimes
are old were 40 year old well sometimes if a few years at death
if a few years at death
if a few years at death now they find this helium can indeed be
now they find this helium can indeed be
now they find this helium can indeed be produced in the Steeler course and the
produced in the Steeler course and the
produced in the Steeler course and the energy released it with so much that it
energy released it with so much that it
energy released it with so much that it can explain what is called cosmic
can explain what is called cosmic
can explain what is called cosmic microwave background radiation we just
microwave background radiation we just
microwave background radiation we just considered the biggest proof a haze of
considered the biggest proof a haze of
considered the biggest proof a haze of microwave radiation which is the biggest
microwave radiation which is the biggest
microwave radiation which is the biggest proof of Big Bang they said that might
proof of Big Bang they said that might
proof of Big Bang they said that might be explained by this thing in addition
be explained by this thing in addition
be explained by this thing in addition they were found that all these lighter
they were found that all these lighter
they were found that all these lighter elements other lighter elements like
elements other lighter elements like
elements other lighter elements like lithium and other things can be also
lithium and other things can be also
lithium and other things can be also explained if the universe is older then
explained if the universe is older then
explained if the universe is older then what big fences and if the Big Bang
what big fences and if the Big Bang
what big fences and if the Big Bang model has really fallen then universe
model has really fallen then universe
model has really fallen then universe could as well be older also and the
could as well be older also and the
could as well be older also and the biggest challenge to dark matter at this
biggest challenge to dark matter at this
biggest challenge to dark matter at this became even later it is very recent last
became even later it is very recent last
became even later it is very recent last month’s paper again physical removal
month’s paper again physical removal
month’s paper again physical removal later 153 galaxies the same rotation
later 153 galaxies the same rotation
later 153 galaxies the same rotation curve has been now done 153 year and the
curve has been now done 153 year and the
curve has been now done 153 year and the conclusion bottom line is that it can be
conclusion bottom line is that it can be
conclusion bottom line is that it can be explained in terms of normal matter
explained in terms of normal matter
explained in terms of normal matter proton and neutron no big bangs or
proton and neutron no big bangs or
proton and neutron no big bangs or ticket admitted and what gave it is
ticket admitted and what gave it is
ticket admitted and what gave it is short there’s this observation this has
short there’s this observation this has
short there’s this observation this has again recent result one galaxy has been
again recent result one galaxy has been
again recent result one galaxy has been found which is full of neutral hydrogen
found which is full of neutral hydrogen
found which is full of neutral hydrogen now you can see the ring now in this
now you can see the ring now in this
now you can see the ring now in this ring as per Big Ben paradigm they should
ring as per Big Ben paradigm they should
ring as per Big Ben paradigm they should win kind of thing but what they have
win kind of thing but what they have
win kind of thing but what they have found out of the same 21 centimeter lion
found out of the same 21 centimeter lion
found out of the same 21 centimeter lion it is neutral hydrogen so we are back to
it is neutral hydrogen so we are back to
it is neutral hydrogen so we are back to square one after 61 we detected dark
square one after 61 we detected dark
square one after 61 we detected dark matter from 21 centimeter line and now
matter from 21 centimeter line and now
matter from 21 centimeter line and now again we are finding galaxy is full of
again we are finding galaxy is full of
again we are finding galaxy is full of hydrogen and it is that might in
hydrogen and it is that might in
hydrogen and it is that might in straight up to the big event diameter we
straight up to the big event diameter we
straight up to the big event diameter we have neutral hydrogen further this
have neutral hydrogen further this
have neutral hydrogen further this month’s news one galaxy now not galaxy
month’s news one galaxy now not galaxy
month’s news one galaxy now not galaxy galaxy cluster there thousands of
galaxy cluster there thousands of
galaxy cluster there thousands of galaxies are being formed and that area
galaxies are being formed and that area
galaxies are being formed and that area is full of neutral now cold hydrogen
is full of neutral now cold hydrogen
is full of neutral now cold hydrogen molecule so most likely dark matter is
molecule so most likely dark matter is
molecule so most likely dark matter is not what a big bang tells but it is
not what a big bang tells but it is
not what a big bang tells but it is ordinary matter so this means that
this means the big bank paradigm hips
this means the big bank paradigm hips because dark matter is not there it has
because dark matter is not there it has
because dark matter is not there it has fallen and his supersymmetry has fallen
fallen and his supersymmetry has fallen
fallen and his supersymmetry has fallen then this is a problem for particle
then this is a problem for particle
then this is a problem for particle physics now in particle physics earlier
physics now in particle physics earlier
physics now in particle physics earlier we knew that electricity is a separate
we knew that electricity is a separate
we knew that electricity is a separate property say 100 years back and
property say 100 years back and
property say 100 years back and magnetism is a separate property then we
magnetism is a separate property then we
magnetism is a separate property then we had there actually if two facets of the
had there actually if two facets of the
had there actually if two facets of the same thing called electromagnetism
same thing called electromagnetism
same thing called electromagnetism so freezers have been trying to unify
so freezers have been trying to unify
so freezers have been trying to unify all interactions Einstein ratted it for
all interactions Einstein ratted it for
all interactions Einstein ratted it for 80 years going on not only
80 years going on not only
80 years going on not only electromagnetism
electromagnetism
electromagnetism I see nuclear forces there they try to
I see nuclear forces there they try to
I see nuclear forces there they try to unify nuclear physics and also the weak
unify nuclear physics and also the weak
unify nuclear physics and also the weak interaction which gives to radioactivity
interaction which gives to radioactivity
interaction which gives to radioactivity all these four forces plus gravity and
all these four forces plus gravity and
all these four forces plus gravity and that too in a framework called quantum
that too in a framework called quantum
that too in a framework called quantum mechanics what is quantum mechanics
mechanics what is quantum mechanics
mechanics what is quantum mechanics normal rules are by Newtonian thing but
normal rules are by Newtonian thing but
normal rules are by Newtonian thing but at the atomic level something works
at the atomic level something works
at the atomic level something works called quantum mechanics so using
called quantum mechanics so using
called quantum mechanics so using incorporating they incorporate the
incorporating they incorporate the
incorporating they incorporate the biggest program for the last 40 years is
biggest program for the last 40 years is
biggest program for the last 40 years is called super string theory so 10,000
called super string theory so 10,000
called super string theory so 10,000 free societies have many brilliant minds
free societies have many brilliant minds
free societies have many brilliant minds even now thousands are working they are
even now thousands are working they are
even now thousands are working they are most powerful people they get weaned all
most powerful people they get weaned all
most powerful people they get weaned all of all their works most powerful card in
of all their works most powerful card in
of all their works most powerful card in the science actually it is the high
the science actually it is the high
the science actually it is the high priests of Big Bang physics and many
priests of Big Bang physics and many
priests of Big Bang physics and many leveller eats with the air and this
leveller eats with the air and this
leveller eats with the air and this particle physics super string they are
particle physics super string they are
particle physics super string they are controlling the theoretical physics now
controlling the theoretical physics now
controlling the theoretical physics now as I told if supersymmetry has fallen
as I told if supersymmetry has fallen
as I told if supersymmetry has fallen supersu mystics in theory has also
supersu mystics in theory has also
supersu mystics in theory has also tacitly fallen but it does not mean that
tacitly fallen but it does not mean that
tacitly fallen but it does not mean that they are going to high priests are going
they are going to high priests are going
they are going to high priests are going to admit it they will go on working more
to admit it they will go on working more
to admit it they will go on working more PhDs will be there most projects will be
PhDs will be there most projects will be
PhDs will be there most projects will be there they are controlling the
there they are controlling the
there they are controlling the theoretical physics and we will be
theoretical physics and we will be
theoretical physics and we will be compelled to say that emperor has all
compelled to say that emperor has all
compelled to say that emperor has all the clothes on thank you
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