Could Life Exist on Mars? | John Hoffman | TEDxGreenhillSchool

[Applause]

duction good life exists on Mars let’s

take a little trip to leave I think the

little trip to Mars the fourth planet

from the Sun that caused Mercury Venus

Earth and Mars so Mars is known as a red

planet for a slightly reddish hue as

seen from Earth it’s about half the size

of Earth but is one a half times as far

from the Sun X so it gets a lot less

sunlight mark your earth but that’s a

very significant features on the surface

there’s something called Lucas pods

which is a mom it’s three times taller

the largest amount we have her neighbors

and it has a big family called copy of

The Parent Trap Alice Marineris about

ten times bigger than grant can you put

it that on the United States

all the way across the East Coast are to

the atmosphere of Mars is considered

less than the atmosphere drive earth

it’s about 1% pressure at the surface of

Mars that we have here at reverse and

it’s almost all carbon dioxide carbon

dioxide we come here and gases that we

can exhale from our bodies bringing

oxygen use a toxic sell well in Mars the

atmosphere is almost all carbon dioxide

which of course would make reason that

hard actually applause because our place

like carbon dioxide would drive very

nicely on partners the temperatures on

Mars are calling barrier the different

wall because Mars this was far away from

Sun the average temperature of the

highest of the temperature recorded up

Davis about 50 degrees Fahrenheit this

would be at the equator or city has

seasons per the equator doesn’t came

very much then it goes down to 220

degrees boys they’re all bigger hauls

the average temperatures 65 degrees

below zero now the every temperature on

earth you take all the conditions on

earth since about 60 degrees and closer

this is called a topographical map of

art you can see up here I get around

your point to it their colors have to do

with the elevation above the lowest

level move up to the top here who’s the

lowest elevation that’s not water it’s

just that the people are made this map

shows Luis lost salvation that is the

Lord’s level photographers called the

four ace Jack now that we use a long

time there was water there is frozen

solid so cold that’s not the water we’re

in box hey there’s half of North

Pole and salt now the other colors be

going to green

to the higher elevations this is all the

olympus mons that guy is not there you

can see the shadows on side and the

least miracle we starships volcanoes of

their big okay mom’s here I’m going to

you about this guy up here the barriers

it looks like a big gash near the site

ours is already surfaced little fat

white guy later to be pissed that he is

look at the bottom of rejection lower

elevations so that’s a very very big

battle that is so big in the United

space it would go from California all

across the East Coast the loose are the

major features of Mars so now let’s go

on and push the right button here ok so

these poor ice caps if all the icing us

more caps melted it would cover the

planet of the depth of about 80 feet of

water now there’s a long or water or

something presented versus covered with

water yep much greater but of course in

Mars is supposing that ice caps day it’s

ice caps sometimes now there’s other

evidence no longer having existed

our past there’s a rotation available

under Shorty’s flat just a minute it

shows the erosion on the site of the

Mariners there are two logic formations

such as you garbage multiple Janet’s

that personal pub much less River Bella

networks and be noticed the time

patterns are seen on Mars so that would

indicate in the past there be a trial

part that we need some kinds of gas card

would have any more talk about that a

little later so why is fighting water

I’m are significant other is the essence

of life or the life do exist water must

be present so Heidi water and Mars is a

precursor with my rifle my arms this is

the picture of the valley environment

that I the only can this here this type

of them the rate is actually formed by

running water or that way I’ve heard so

the thought here is that the probably

formed that they got running water marks

a little hard to find another way to

other community that would run round

that we don’t know a lot of others and

wire so that’s some indirect evidence at

least the water just go tomorrow some

surface of Mars other than four caps

both s and decided to send a mission to

Mars called the Phoenix mission the idea

was to answer that question is there any

other place to find water on Mars so the

theme of the mission was called all the

water who is the spacecraft goes a

lander we have a letter or going up over

as wheels and motored you’re driving

around mrs. Langdon lockdown one place

it just stays there but had our body

part of our may have scope on the end of

that arm in order to dig trenches of the

surface of the planet to provide deliver

water to look for interpret the

meteorology of the materials that make

up service and fires to look for

hydrocarbons have your carbons are the

building blocks of life your hydrogen

carbon atoms

things they’re sort of the building

blocks of life it should be mr we have

first week we’re a bipartisan lots here

earth the other thing is to assess the

potential habitability of Mars for

possible human exploration future

spacecraft was launched an artisan 2070

do nine months to get to Mars landed in

may two thousand baby implanted in ash

one a hard heart will beat up their

north of the Arctic Circle on Mars now

there were six insurance on board the

spacecraft one we’re going to talk about

today is called t9 stands for thermal

evolve gas analyzer he can consists of

two parts the T stands for the key is

the thermal analyzer to set up eight

first of all high temperature of its

capability Mars surface samples up two

particles degrees Celsius or 59 degrees

Fahrenheit this section one was built at

the University of aerosols the ego are

the evolved gas analyzers avesta prepare

each other mass spectrometers have

picture gases serving about and

identified with the constituents that

make up this mixture of gases this issue

was built by group with the university

of texas at dallas under my direction

here’s a picture of the spacecraft as it

was assembled in lockheed martin play

van der graaf this is fear itself it’s

about six feet across this way and we

down solar back they were holding out

baidu panels they were down it’s like

the sun’s light converting like

encourage each other stuff we have let

them talk run here this right here is

the magic box right through here is

called a sail bag by obey was the

halloween for the arm the school over

there right here built in the laboratory

here on earth or sterilized in detecting

that by the way

based on reason that is very protective

of hot bar we don’t want take things the

buyers any kind of living organisms it

could possibly cause life to exist on

Mars some time later to find life I’m

hired as a club maybe we brought it

first so very careful bottling boychoir

that’s fine i think so negative surface

of virus so heads we sterilize so there

are no possible microorganisms the bugs

of anything that can be sent acquires

its on all spacecraft or fires or 15

sort of touch the surface except the

landing part of the spacecraft result

think things gotta dig into Mars itself

okay thank you all right this is a long-

require pictures of separated from the

spacecraft a trick on Mars so you see

the scoop is dumping subvert it or one

of the others and the blocks in front of

that is mass spectrometer and that stand

on the left side holds the camera or a

spacecraft online know of any planet

Klaus has a stereo camera to camera to

take pictures and stereo of the service

on the planet itself ok so now the scoop

would be trenches in the surface of my

arse so on soltani and got this set of

this fresh result soul is a meijer de

mars day is 40 minutes longer than the

earth day sore the distinguished when

we’re talking about Dave by meijer

people due to the fires things give up

the name soul as a name for the day I’m

are rather just talk about their to talk

poverty to higher things of souls

putting a zephyr land Soltani this

trench was dug and explore some white

stuff what is the white stuff what stuff

could be ice that there are a lot of

things that are wife solvents like

sugars like a lot of weight substances

so we could just say well as ice we have

to do an analysis I got some call it the

white stuff for Mars days later on zone

24 see there’s quite a difference some

i should point out problems of ice but

they’re gone four days later and I do go

on mark if it’s ice no ice somebody that

means it goes from a solid to a gas

without going through lately it melts it

evaporates all in one step called

sublimation impressive the temperatures

and pressures of cards allow us to do

that here at earth i stashed it melts

become water and water asking it up a

gas pristine but I’m hardly go right for

the solid rushing to the gas called

sublimation cryogen of that here at

source of Europe crisis carbon dioxide

is frozen dry stand results dry off and

just disappeared in someone ok so this

is first evidence that that white stuff

is probably water with this hospital

supplement as the temperature of the

pressure are so this is our first

evidence this have my stuff is actually

water ice talking i also have you

discovered that this was watering well

then the scoop put some of the stuff out

of the surface there help it in one of

the ovens this occurred about creepy