today I’m going to take you on a journey
a journey to the past to the present and
to the future I’m going to show you how
physicians throughout the world and
throughout history have always tried to
diagnose diseases and in order to do
this we had to understand the
complicated machine called the human
body as you may have expected we’re
going to go back to ancient Egypt 4,600
years ago some of you engineers in
engineering may recognize the name in
hotter and hotter was not only the
architect of the legendary Step Pyramid
but he was also a great physician what
you’re looking at now is the Edwin Smith
papyrus which is believed to be offered
by M hotta this is the very first
medical textbook to ever introduce a
rationale and a scientific approach to
diagnose diseases and understand the
human body before then disease were
thought to be some mysterious form of
witchcraft or magic 3,000 years ago in
India by Bologna the chief scholar and
physician is really Napoli have tried to
understand that the agnostic of the body
throw authoring his own book which he
called the diagnostic handbook he tried
to understand the human body through
developing his own algorithm of an
inspection so he has introduced more
than 3,000 entries to understand and
examine the human body systematically
from head to toe to diagnose diseases
2500 years ago in ancient Greece
Hippocrates remains one of the most
outstanding figures in the history of
medicine he is considered to be the
father of medicine he was the first to
categorize diseases into acute or
chronic and also into epidemic and
endemic he has introduced diagnostic
science for many diseases that we still
use today such as anodic heart disease
and lung cancer his contributions have
allowed us to understand so much about
the human body when one thousand years
ago the Islamic scholar and scientists
Evan Xena
you may recognize him as Avicenna that’s
actually has luteinizing
he’s considered to be the father of
modern medicine he has studied medicine
in great detail he has authored more
than 40 medical textbook one of which is
called Cardinal tip or the Canon of
Medicine this book is still being
reprinted today in English as well and
he has pioneered the idea of using
syndromes to diagnose diseases his
contribution has allowed us to
understand so much more about the human
body then in the nineteen hundreds the
Canadian physician Sir William Osler has
reshaped the medical practice into what
it is today he was the first to
introduce the fundamental of clinical
and residence training in medicine he is
actually one of the founding professors
of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and
influences by even Xena’s work he has
authored his own book the principles and
practice of medicine this book has
allowed us to learn so much about how we
diagnose diseases the way we do today so
you may be asking yourself why did I
take you through this very condensed
history of the history of medicine well
understanding the history of medicine
will allow us to understand our current
medical landscape and this will enable
us to predict which new innovations are
needed to launch us into a new era of
medical care so if someone goes to the
hospital today diagnosing a disease is
conducted not only through clinical
examination but mainly through
diagnostic approaches such as imaging
techniques you get x-ray or cat scan or
MRI or invasive blood work now these
tests are very helpful however each time
you need to understand what is going on
inside your body you have to repeat the
test every time you want to know how
much glucose you have in your body you
have to stake your finger get a drop of
blood and get a reading and then you’ll
have to repeat that over and over and
this is the same for most other blood
work so what will it be like imagine if
your body can actually monitor its own
function its own blood analytes its own
chemistries and send these real-time
continuously ad they happen to your
smartphone to your healthcare
professional to your pharmacy
or to the hospital imagine if we can do
all this imagine if your body can
diagnose its own diseases what would it
be like if we can do this
well this concept has been already
introduced in many sci-fi movies one of
which is mission impossible in Mission
Impossible they have shown this cool
wristband that can tell you how much
oxygen you have in your body without the
need to do any invasive tests well I
have some good news for you today we
have already started developing this
technology here at Duke so mission is no
longer impossible what you’re looking at
now is what we call a by sensing
platform or a bio sensor this is a three
millimeter long half a millimeter thick
implant made of a smart gel you inject
it once through a very small needle in
the body and can stay there forever
once it gets in contact with the tissue
it’s able to report back important body
chemistry such as glucose oxygen carbon
dioxide lactic acid and a whole array of
analyzed it can do this non-invasively
so to obtain measurements from this we
don’t even need to get in touch with the
body we we can just read it wirelessly
and we can transmit this data anywhere
as I have mentioned before I’ve
mentioned I said that they are made of
smart gels so we call it smart gel
because it has the ability to integrate
into your tissue without creating any
foreign body reaction which a term we
refer to as biocompatible and they have
what we call a shape memory structure
that means if they get compressed or
they get injected through small needles
they’re able to get back to the original
shape that they were manufactured on
what I’m going to show you now is a
video of precut samples of these sensors
that we have cut them into shapes like
hearts and stars and as we inject them
throughout this very small needle you
can see that they’re getting back to
their original shape this is the shape
memory structure so how does this
technology work well I’m going to show
you an example we have already developed
which is oxygen sensing so once these
sensors are implanted they’re going to
interact with local
oxygenation and they’re going to
fluoresce in a degree that will
correlate with this oxygenation so if
you have low oxygen they’re going to
fluoresce more if you have high oxygen
they’re going to fluoresce less we’re
actually are able to quantify this
fluorescence and convert it into
clinically relative values that we can
use for measurements and this is all
done without even touching the body this
sensor they do not expire they always
give you measurements they can last
there forever so some people may not be
comfortable with the idea of leaving
these sensors and forever right and so
we have developed new versions of the
sensor that have predefined period of
degradation so you can basically we can
define if we want them to stay a few
days
few weeks or a few months after which
they’re just going to disintegrate and
disappear we have done extensive
preclinical studies and facial models
and benchtop models and we we have
obtained very encouraging results that
now are getting ready for the very first
in human use and implantation the
technology is great not only for
patients but it can be used for soldiers
for example in the battlefield it can
monitor the real-time body functions and
important chemistry’s and send this back
real-time to their units and alert them
in case there is a medical emergency to
go back to their unit for medical
attention it can be used also for
athletes to optimize their performance
and monitor their progress so 5,000
years ago disease where disease were
thought to be some mysterious form of
magic if it wasn’t for the tireless
efforts of all these scientists this
probably would not have changed now
we’re speaking about the future where
your body can monitor its own functions
and potentially the ignores its own
diseases – well this is another form of
magic this is the magic of the future
thank you you
a journey to the past to the present and
to the future I’m going to show you how
physicians throughout the world and
throughout history have always tried to
diagnose diseases and in order to do
this we had to understand the
complicated machine called the human
body as you may have expected we’re
going to go back to ancient Egypt 4,600
years ago some of you engineers in
engineering may recognize the name in
hotter and hotter was not only the
architect of the legendary Step Pyramid
but he was also a great physician what
you’re looking at now is the Edwin Smith
papyrus which is believed to be offered
by M hotta this is the very first
medical textbook to ever introduce a
rationale and a scientific approach to
diagnose diseases and understand the
human body before then disease were
thought to be some mysterious form of
witchcraft or magic 3,000 years ago in
India by Bologna the chief scholar and
physician is really Napoli have tried to
understand that the agnostic of the body
throw authoring his own book which he
called the diagnostic handbook he tried
to understand the human body through
developing his own algorithm of an
inspection so he has introduced more
than 3,000 entries to understand and
examine the human body systematically
from head to toe to diagnose diseases
2500 years ago in ancient Greece
Hippocrates remains one of the most
outstanding figures in the history of
medicine he is considered to be the
father of medicine he was the first to
categorize diseases into acute or
chronic and also into epidemic and
endemic he has introduced diagnostic
science for many diseases that we still
use today such as anodic heart disease
and lung cancer his contributions have
allowed us to understand so much about
the human body when one thousand years
ago the Islamic scholar and scientists
Evan Xena
you may recognize him as Avicenna that’s
actually has luteinizing
he’s considered to be the father of
modern medicine he has studied medicine
in great detail he has authored more
than 40 medical textbook one of which is
called Cardinal tip or the Canon of
Medicine this book is still being
reprinted today in English as well and
he has pioneered the idea of using
syndromes to diagnose diseases his
contribution has allowed us to
understand so much more about the human
body then in the nineteen hundreds the
Canadian physician Sir William Osler has
reshaped the medical practice into what
it is today he was the first to
introduce the fundamental of clinical
and residence training in medicine he is
actually one of the founding professors
of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and
influences by even Xena’s work he has
authored his own book the principles and
practice of medicine this book has
allowed us to learn so much about how we
diagnose diseases the way we do today so
you may be asking yourself why did I
take you through this very condensed
history of the history of medicine well
understanding the history of medicine
will allow us to understand our current
medical landscape and this will enable
us to predict which new innovations are
needed to launch us into a new era of
medical care so if someone goes to the
hospital today diagnosing a disease is
conducted not only through clinical
examination but mainly through
diagnostic approaches such as imaging
techniques you get x-ray or cat scan or
MRI or invasive blood work now these
tests are very helpful however each time
you need to understand what is going on
inside your body you have to repeat the
test every time you want to know how
much glucose you have in your body you
have to stake your finger get a drop of
blood and get a reading and then you’ll
have to repeat that over and over and
this is the same for most other blood
work so what will it be like imagine if
your body can actually monitor its own
function its own blood analytes its own
chemistries and send these real-time
continuously ad they happen to your
smartphone to your healthcare
professional to your pharmacy
or to the hospital imagine if we can do
all this imagine if your body can
diagnose its own diseases what would it
be like if we can do this
well this concept has been already
introduced in many sci-fi movies one of
which is mission impossible in Mission
Impossible they have shown this cool
wristband that can tell you how much
oxygen you have in your body without the
need to do any invasive tests well I
have some good news for you today we
have already started developing this
technology here at Duke so mission is no
longer impossible what you’re looking at
now is what we call a by sensing
platform or a bio sensor this is a three
millimeter long half a millimeter thick
implant made of a smart gel you inject
it once through a very small needle in
the body and can stay there forever
once it gets in contact with the tissue
it’s able to report back important body
chemistry such as glucose oxygen carbon
dioxide lactic acid and a whole array of
analyzed it can do this non-invasively
so to obtain measurements from this we
don’t even need to get in touch with the
body we we can just read it wirelessly
and we can transmit this data anywhere
as I have mentioned before I’ve
mentioned I said that they are made of
smart gels so we call it smart gel
because it has the ability to integrate
into your tissue without creating any
foreign body reaction which a term we
refer to as biocompatible and they have
what we call a shape memory structure
that means if they get compressed or
they get injected through small needles
they’re able to get back to the original
shape that they were manufactured on
what I’m going to show you now is a
video of precut samples of these sensors
that we have cut them into shapes like
hearts and stars and as we inject them
throughout this very small needle you
can see that they’re getting back to
their original shape this is the shape
memory structure so how does this
technology work well I’m going to show
you an example we have already developed
which is oxygen sensing so once these
sensors are implanted they’re going to
interact with local
oxygenation and they’re going to
fluoresce in a degree that will
correlate with this oxygenation so if
you have low oxygen they’re going to
fluoresce more if you have high oxygen
they’re going to fluoresce less we’re
actually are able to quantify this
fluorescence and convert it into
clinically relative values that we can
use for measurements and this is all
done without even touching the body this
sensor they do not expire they always
give you measurements they can last
there forever so some people may not be
comfortable with the idea of leaving
these sensors and forever right and so
we have developed new versions of the
sensor that have predefined period of
degradation so you can basically we can
define if we want them to stay a few
days
few weeks or a few months after which
they’re just going to disintegrate and
disappear we have done extensive
preclinical studies and facial models
and benchtop models and we we have
obtained very encouraging results that
now are getting ready for the very first
in human use and implantation the
technology is great not only for
patients but it can be used for soldiers
for example in the battlefield it can
monitor the real-time body functions and
important chemistry’s and send this back
real-time to their units and alert them
in case there is a medical emergency to
go back to their unit for medical
attention it can be used also for
athletes to optimize their performance
and monitor their progress so 5,000
years ago disease where disease were
thought to be some mysterious form of
magic if it wasn’t for the tireless
efforts of all these scientists this
probably would not have changed now
we’re speaking about the future where
your body can monitor its own functions
and potentially the ignores its own
diseases – well this is another form of
magic this is the magic of the future
thank you you
Please follow and like us: