[Music]
[Music]
hello everyone very nice to be here a
rimini
when they brought me the topic
I really found the speed
interesting because in our world
we also go too fast and often there
we forget what happened
Before us
especially in the field of medicine
we think we know everything to know
how to defeat diseases often
we look at the diseases as if they were
fixed and unchanging phenomena this
they actually come from the past and are
subject to changes and mutations in the
same measure in which beings are
human animals and plants plant
today we are talking about walls all over the world
of walls divide and separate the walls are
always existed this is the wall of
adriano separated in the current great
britain the roman world the part
conquered by the empire on the side
at the time inhabited by the so-called barbarians
they would not have appreciated the term but
the same concept that is politically
something very controversial in ours
world
in reality it is underestimated when it is
it is medicine this vallo of
defense for our health often is not
properly fortified and
pathogens that were once free of
devastate entire populations can
come back but let’s see what was the
situation in the ancient world
as I said humanity in the course of
history has developed more and more weapons
powerful capable of killing so many
people in 1918 the paris liked it
considered the most powerful cannon was
kalpa was able to hit paris from
130 km k and kill lots of people
in 1945 the atomic bomb detonated
in Japan it was considered the most weapon
powerful
yet that micro organism you see
the smallpox virus e
it already existed for millennia and at least 300
400 years had this pandemic form
extremely deadly epidemic and in the
only twentieth century caused between 300
and 500 million dead a figure
enormously more than 100,000 200,000
deaths caused by the two atomic bombs
on Japan at the end of the conflict
my profession is that of
paleopathologist study how the diseases yes
they presented this in the past
discipline is halfway between the history of the
medicine that studies how it progresses like
medical thought and art progressed
medical and clinical analysis of skeletons
ancient mummies also historical sources
when the discipline has arisen the practice
it was very little serious because as you can
see in this famous representation
the mummies were released by the bands
that covered them on the occasion of a
party among gentlemen of the empire
British
today, however, we have equipment
much more advanced but it is always good
remember that ours is never one
simple biological medical analysis is a
set of multidisciplinary approaches e
so you have to avoid see on the
left that to the great author
English jonathan swift called the
battle of the book is a war between
the ancient and modern authors the war
between the humanistic disciplines and the
scientific disciplines it comes to
look at the same object from
different perspectives that then go to
complementary this is missing a lot
in the modern world, however, sometimes it is one
as the great philosopher imagined
francis bacon is a bit to cross the
columns of hercules and go for a journey
that we do not know where it will take us
I said today we have a lot of techniques
more advanced we have not only the
morphological techniques that allow us
to study anatomically with tissues
ancients
we have radiological techniques
paleo molecular techniques we can
even reconstructing the ancient DNA of
viruses that have lived hundreds and
thousands of years ago many diseases
chronic such as chrome egalia
gigantism that the disease that you
develops from the young age
they existed in the ancient world this is
shown by the depictions for
example of the emperor I maximize the
traces but it was shown I had the
pleasure to coordinate this study in
alleged remains of the Egyptian sun pharaoh
act 2,700 forward christ
this disease existed this is the
famous case studied by a great doctor
English John Hunter and then by the surgeon
American Harvey caching the disease is
It was discovered only 100 150 years ago but
it was very present in the ancient world
another chronic disease the gout the
bad patrician you will have all read in the
history books of how rich of
proteins were the class diet
agiate and these nobles then ended up
develop joint pain caused
from gout or the precipitation of
uric acid crystals this disease
has been accurately described
also in the last 150 years
but being able to combine historical sources
we saw how the characters hit
the highest antiquity classes for
example federico da montefeltro non
lived so far away from here sources
historians report that he suffered from
gout term very vague at the time
yet we have shown in the first
metatarsal this bone of the foot
right a typical cavitation of the
precipitation of acid crystals
urine confirmed by the radiological examination
and then we found a source
archives in which the duke is said
write to your doctor who is suffering from
a terrible pain in the toe
right this allows us
to combine the archival data with the
modern technological data up to a few
some time ago we did not even have it
certainty of the presence of the stroke
in antiquity and it was just one
mummy here of the province of rimini
that is a naturally preserved body
yes thanks to the micro conditions
environmental factors that have been possible
demonstrate the presence of stroke
half of the eighteenth century in this mummy of
don giovanni arcangeli a parson of the
area
we found a degree of contraction
of the extremity extremely suspicious that not
it made us think of a modification
post mortal and we then confirmed the
what radiologically finding even one
calcification within the artery
carotid that goes to bring blood to the
brain and in the archival source
we found this priest
he had to leave the conduction of the
own parish or apoplectic disease a
due to a stroke due to
a stroke
these chronic diseases are always
existed
in antiquity today they are only more
frequent because they are typical of age
advanced today we live longer because
hygienic conditions have improved
health
we have antibiotics but we have
also of a fundamental weapon which is the
vaccination that allows us to block
originally a priori even before yes
manifest pathological processes
potentially deadly
although some authors already existed in antiquity
they had noticed this phenomenon of the
immunization the first great
scientist who produced a vaccine
quite safe and able to save
many lives was jenner which e
grafting bovine smallpox on one
child protected him from human smallpox e
as I told you this illness before
it was devastating in antiquity
measles is
a disease that for a long space of
time had the same danger
of smallpox in the last three hundred years the
smallpox instead has become much more
aggressive yet the same measles can
kill as demonstrated
this last year 37 people died
in Europe because of measles
if you open a medical text of the
end of the nineteenth century such as that of the
great Canadian doctor william osler
see what the therapy was
the today is substantially ineffective
situation is the same but at the time not
there was what we have today the vaccine
which allows us to block at the origin
the pathological process
unfortunately also great characters
intellectuals have opposed the
vaccination as a means of prevention
effective the great lord byron one of the
fathers of the dl of romance that died
in Greece fighting for the freedom of the
Greek people of si vaccines are a fashion
passing
sooner or later people will be there
they will tire or a great modern artist
a robert de niro following autism
developed by the son continued to
to support the fallacious association
Trivalent autism vaccine derived from
a scientific fraud by the doctor
wakefield 1998 then radiated from the register of the
British doctors because he had done one
fraud had falsified data without
allowed to produce evidence
scientific from which he would then
derived a personal advantage
smallpox is a potentially disease
ancient
already perhaps ramses fifth was the first fast
Egyptian pharaoh to suffer in the
history but as I told you it was right
the study of mummies to demonstrate
recovering the DNA of this virus that
only since the sixteenth century did one have
really lethal pox the
polio this year should have
be rooted according to the
world organization forecasts
of health and yet still present in the
our world in africa in asia and
continues to kill this disease was
perhaps already present in ancient Egypt
there is no definite certainty from
artistic representations but it can be
to guess in some mummies like that
of the pharaoh sip from is difficult however in
this case to find again the virus that
it would give us the definitive proof
another example for a long time
chicken in antiquity was the case
the biblical case of
melfi budget of which the william speaks
osler I mentioned
previously but at the time when not
the polio virus was known
guilt of this infirmity of this
children’s disability was attributed
to women in particular to women who
they took care of the education of the
children who raised them then the
scientific progress also allowed a
social progress very important for
regarding the health issues the
pertussis continues to kill in europe
and to present this disease again
comes from Asia where it grew into
epidemic form in the fifteenth century
between Afghanistan and Iran
eventually he came to europe and gave one
great epidemic in France
described by gi and the bay the patient
it seems to swell up as if it were about to
strangling holds your breath
not to mention tetanus a disease
undervalued even by many
operators such as archaeologists workers in
construction sites and also in the case of disasters
natural tetanus is a disease that
it can not be eradicated because the spores
of the clostridium are found in the soil
everywhere but we can prevent this
illness that otherwise brings us to death
between atrocious spasms luigi carlo farini
in the nineteenth
very famous Italian patriot doctor
being faced with the impossibility
to treat a patient to see him again
agonize dying of tetanus I said
I am sure that one day progress
medical individuals will identify people
responsible for this disease e
we will find the cure for this disease
today we have this care and
choose not to protect ours
health and that of our children is
something in my opinion of inconsiderate
in the ancient anatomical depictions
that we find a little in all the texts
ancient we find a Latin phrase it
morse caubet rescue lives here the
death is pleased to be able to help
life
paleopathology and history of
medicine allow us to find out how
the diseases appeared in the past and
which trends and developments have had
in the course of history
a bit like a time did not know the
continents and the oceans were navigating to
view
one day reconstructing the antiquity of the
diseases we will know everything about these
they came into our world as they have
interacted with our ancestors and how
they will be able to present in the future and the
general hope is that the contribution
of medical history subjects may
take us one day to look with the
same eyes with which our fathers
they looked in 1980 for the defeat of the
greatest enemy of the human species
the small pox thank you very much
[Applause]
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
hello everyone very nice to be here a
rimini
when they brought me the topic
I really found the speed
interesting because in our world
we also go too fast and often there
we forget what happened
Before us
especially in the field of medicine
we think we know everything to know
how to defeat diseases often
we look at the diseases as if they were
fixed and unchanging phenomena this
they actually come from the past and are
subject to changes and mutations in the
same measure in which beings are
human animals and plants plant
today we are talking about walls all over the world
of walls divide and separate the walls are
always existed this is the wall of
adriano separated in the current great
britain the roman world the part
conquered by the empire on the side
at the time inhabited by the so-called barbarians
they would not have appreciated the term but
the same concept that is politically
something very controversial in ours
world
in reality it is underestimated when it is
it is medicine this vallo of
defense for our health often is not
properly fortified and
pathogens that were once free of
devastate entire populations can
come back but let’s see what was the
situation in the ancient world
as I said humanity in the course of
history has developed more and more weapons
powerful capable of killing so many
people in 1918 the paris liked it
considered the most powerful cannon was
kalpa was able to hit paris from
130 km k and kill lots of people
in 1945 the atomic bomb detonated
in Japan it was considered the most weapon
powerful
yet that micro organism you see
the smallpox virus e
it already existed for millennia and at least 300
400 years had this pandemic form
extremely deadly epidemic and in the
only twentieth century caused between 300
and 500 million dead a figure
enormously more than 100,000 200,000
deaths caused by the two atomic bombs
on Japan at the end of the conflict
my profession is that of
paleopathologist study how the diseases yes
they presented this in the past
discipline is halfway between the history of the
medicine that studies how it progresses like
medical thought and art progressed
medical and clinical analysis of skeletons
ancient mummies also historical sources
when the discipline has arisen the practice
it was very little serious because as you can
see in this famous representation
the mummies were released by the bands
that covered them on the occasion of a
party among gentlemen of the empire
British
today, however, we have equipment
much more advanced but it is always good
remember that ours is never one
simple biological medical analysis is a
set of multidisciplinary approaches e
so you have to avoid see on the
left that to the great author
English jonathan swift called the
battle of the book is a war between
the ancient and modern authors the war
between the humanistic disciplines and the
scientific disciplines it comes to
look at the same object from
different perspectives that then go to
complementary this is missing a lot
in the modern world, however, sometimes it is one
as the great philosopher imagined
francis bacon is a bit to cross the
columns of hercules and go for a journey
that we do not know where it will take us
I said today we have a lot of techniques
more advanced we have not only the
morphological techniques that allow us
to study anatomically with tissues
ancients
we have radiological techniques
paleo molecular techniques we can
even reconstructing the ancient DNA of
viruses that have lived hundreds and
thousands of years ago many diseases
chronic such as chrome egalia
gigantism that the disease that you
develops from the young age
they existed in the ancient world this is
shown by the depictions for
example of the emperor I maximize the
traces but it was shown I had the
pleasure to coordinate this study in
alleged remains of the Egyptian sun pharaoh
act 2,700 forward christ
this disease existed this is the
famous case studied by a great doctor
English John Hunter and then by the surgeon
American Harvey caching the disease is
It was discovered only 100 150 years ago but
it was very present in the ancient world
another chronic disease the gout the
bad patrician you will have all read in the
history books of how rich of
proteins were the class diet
agiate and these nobles then ended up
develop joint pain caused
from gout or the precipitation of
uric acid crystals this disease
has been accurately described
also in the last 150 years
but being able to combine historical sources
we saw how the characters hit
the highest antiquity classes for
example federico da montefeltro non
lived so far away from here sources
historians report that he suffered from
gout term very vague at the time
yet we have shown in the first
metatarsal this bone of the foot
right a typical cavitation of the
precipitation of acid crystals
urine confirmed by the radiological examination
and then we found a source
archives in which the duke is said
write to your doctor who is suffering from
a terrible pain in the toe
right this allows us
to combine the archival data with the
modern technological data up to a few
some time ago we did not even have it
certainty of the presence of the stroke
in antiquity and it was just one
mummy here of the province of rimini
that is a naturally preserved body
yes thanks to the micro conditions
environmental factors that have been possible
demonstrate the presence of stroke
half of the eighteenth century in this mummy of
don giovanni arcangeli a parson of the
area
we found a degree of contraction
of the extremity extremely suspicious that not
it made us think of a modification
post mortal and we then confirmed the
what radiologically finding even one
calcification within the artery
carotid that goes to bring blood to the
brain and in the archival source
we found this priest
he had to leave the conduction of the
own parish or apoplectic disease a
due to a stroke due to
a stroke
these chronic diseases are always
existed
in antiquity today they are only more
frequent because they are typical of age
advanced today we live longer because
hygienic conditions have improved
health
we have antibiotics but we have
also of a fundamental weapon which is the
vaccination that allows us to block
originally a priori even before yes
manifest pathological processes
potentially deadly
although some authors already existed in antiquity
they had noticed this phenomenon of the
immunization the first great
scientist who produced a vaccine
quite safe and able to save
many lives was jenner which e
grafting bovine smallpox on one
child protected him from human smallpox e
as I told you this illness before
it was devastating in antiquity
measles is
a disease that for a long space of
time had the same danger
of smallpox in the last three hundred years the
smallpox instead has become much more
aggressive yet the same measles can
kill as demonstrated
this last year 37 people died
in Europe because of measles
if you open a medical text of the
end of the nineteenth century such as that of the
great Canadian doctor william osler
see what the therapy was
the today is substantially ineffective
situation is the same but at the time not
there was what we have today the vaccine
which allows us to block at the origin
the pathological process
unfortunately also great characters
intellectuals have opposed the
vaccination as a means of prevention
effective the great lord byron one of the
fathers of the dl of romance that died
in Greece fighting for the freedom of the
Greek people of si vaccines are a fashion
passing
sooner or later people will be there
they will tire or a great modern artist
a robert de niro following autism
developed by the son continued to
to support the fallacious association
Trivalent autism vaccine derived from
a scientific fraud by the doctor
wakefield 1998 then radiated from the register of the
British doctors because he had done one
fraud had falsified data without
allowed to produce evidence
scientific from which he would then
derived a personal advantage
smallpox is a potentially disease
ancient
already perhaps ramses fifth was the first fast
Egyptian pharaoh to suffer in the
history but as I told you it was right
the study of mummies to demonstrate
recovering the DNA of this virus that
only since the sixteenth century did one have
really lethal pox the
polio this year should have
be rooted according to the
world organization forecasts
of health and yet still present in the
our world in africa in asia and
continues to kill this disease was
perhaps already present in ancient Egypt
there is no definite certainty from
artistic representations but it can be
to guess in some mummies like that
of the pharaoh sip from is difficult however in
this case to find again the virus that
it would give us the definitive proof
another example for a long time
chicken in antiquity was the case
the biblical case of
melfi budget of which the william speaks
osler I mentioned
previously but at the time when not
the polio virus was known
guilt of this infirmity of this
children’s disability was attributed
to women in particular to women who
they took care of the education of the
children who raised them then the
scientific progress also allowed a
social progress very important for
regarding the health issues the
pertussis continues to kill in europe
and to present this disease again
comes from Asia where it grew into
epidemic form in the fifteenth century
between Afghanistan and Iran
eventually he came to europe and gave one
great epidemic in France
described by gi and the bay the patient
it seems to swell up as if it were about to
strangling holds your breath
not to mention tetanus a disease
undervalued even by many
operators such as archaeologists workers in
construction sites and also in the case of disasters
natural tetanus is a disease that
it can not be eradicated because the spores
of the clostridium are found in the soil
everywhere but we can prevent this
illness that otherwise brings us to death
between atrocious spasms luigi carlo farini
in the nineteenth
very famous Italian patriot doctor
being faced with the impossibility
to treat a patient to see him again
agonize dying of tetanus I said
I am sure that one day progress
medical individuals will identify people
responsible for this disease e
we will find the cure for this disease
today we have this care and
choose not to protect ours
health and that of our children is
something in my opinion of inconsiderate
in the ancient anatomical depictions
that we find a little in all the texts
ancient we find a Latin phrase it
morse caubet rescue lives here the
death is pleased to be able to help
life
paleopathology and history of
medicine allow us to find out how
the diseases appeared in the past and
which trends and developments have had
in the course of history
a bit like a time did not know the
continents and the oceans were navigating to
view
one day reconstructing the antiquity of the
diseases we will know everything about these
they came into our world as they have
interacted with our ancestors and how
they will be able to present in the future and the
general hope is that the contribution
of medical history subjects may
take us one day to look with the
same eyes with which our fathers
they looked in 1980 for the defeat of the
greatest enemy of the human species
the small pox thank you very much
[Applause]
[Music]
[Music]
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