[Music]
so one compelling issue that threatens
humanity these days is brought about by
the emergence of drug-resistant diseases
hence diseases that are once durable are
now becoming drug-resistant meaning
they’re able now to counter the
therapeutic activities of existing drugs
these diseases that are becoming
drug-resistant these layers include
cancer tuberculosis aids another
problematic issue that threatens the
survival of man is brought about by
pollution in fact in 2007 according to
the blossoming Institute in Switzerland
Marilla and Michael Island in Bulacan
were among the top 30 most polluted
places in the developing world the noble
illusion we are experiencing is brought
about by the improper disposal of toxic
chemicals from tanneries gold mines
nuclear and chemical plants with the
goal to uphold the future of meth and
the future of all organisms that live
among us the United Nations declared the
year 2010 as the International Year of
biodiversity to celebrate tonight on
earth and the value of biodiversity for
our lives interestingly the Philippines
is teeming with organisms marine and
terrestrial alike and these organisms
can be promising sources of drugs and at
the same time they can also be used to
get rid of pollutants from the
environment so I thought this afternoon
will focus on micro technology with
emphasis on the
patience of aquatic fungi and lichens in
chemotherapy and buyer imitation
so the study of aquatic fungi and
lichens is of interests to many
scientists these days primarily because
of their biodiversity that remains to be
an untapped resource
in fact according the Hofstra of the
estimated 1.5 million species of fungi
seven percent of this fungi is known and
very few of this sponge I have been
screened and cultivated in the
laboratory further biotechnological
applications
this makes aquatic fauna and lichens
very interesting to study because there
are a lot of things that we don’t know
about them another reason why I am so
interested to study this organism is
that many of these aquatic fungi and
lichens possess silent gene clusters now
on organisms how genes and you know the
genes are made up of DNA and our DNA our
genes dictates the product our
characteristics for example the color of
her hair the complexion of our skin our
height all these are determined by our
DNA by our genes interestingly those
genes that dominantly influenced the
physical and chemical characteristics of
organisms are said to be highly active
however there are genes in some
organisms that were being dormant or
inactive throughout their lifetime what
if I tell you that there are no
technologies which we can use to
activate this dormant genes the so
called silent years
these are emerging advances in the field
of micro technology which we can now
access to the maximal
the potential of a multifunctional items
in producing chemicals that can be used
as better medicines that can be used as
tools for removing pollutants in the
environment so to highlight now the
significant role of aquatic fungi and
lichens in the film of biotechnology let
me share with you the published
researchers that my lab at the
university of south comments have been
doing so the first research that I want
us to talk about in both the isolation
of this chemical called Malvern in a one
okay so mother give me one was isolated
from a marine fungus okay and that
fungus is called Aspergillus so in
genesis sounds you know very techy okay
so and we found out that that fungus is
private health begin inside the healthy
tissues from a seagrass which we
collected from doing at the city in the
nitro silent because originally after
blooming at the city and this my
research now we found out in the lab
that one fluid in one could inhibit the
growth of cancer cell lines in this
research we tested mother meaning one
against hannah cervical cancer and p38
murine leukemia cancer sunrise and we
found up in the lab that in terms of its
anti-cancer activity it’s even more open
than the existing chemotherapeutic drug
another interesting finding we have is
that one firm in a one could also kill
the parasite right under soma congruence
and for your information Trypanosoma
condolence that causes the disease
animal Trypanosoma asus okay
and in terms of this is a parasitic
effects it’s even more potent than the
existing drugs that we have today
now the biological properties of MA
forming a one were further supported by
other studies for example the study of
Zion conducted in 2006 showed but one
firm in a one is cytotoxic against human
lung pancreatic breast and central
nervous system cancer survives but if
you’re a researcher you want to
understand more how the compound works
so this didn’t stop me from from
pursuing additional tests and this time
I was curious as to how the compound was
able to induce anti-cancer effect so I
started investigating the potential mode
of action interestingly his sole
modifications are used by scientists
nowadays to study the the the
effectivity
of anti-cancer candidates and so
basically what are his thoughts so his
thoughts are proteins that are
responsible for marketing the DNA I want
you to imagine the DNA as a bandage and
this DNA is wrapped around the hand or
the Fistful of the muscle so that’s how
the packaging works interestingly that
the packing of the DNA around histone
may influence activation of genes such
that if the genes are if such as if the
DNA is loosely bound around histone
genes may become more accessible and are
therefore active however if the DNA is
tightly bound around histone jiffs
become less accessible and therefore
dormant or inactive now the the the
wrapping of of all of the DNA around
histone is influenced by a variety of
factors for example diet aging and
exposure to chemical
the events it is an established fact
that all of us have cancer-causing genes
however these cancer-causing genes are
dormant throughout our lifetime except
when they mutate causing now or
triggering now normal cells to be
transformed to something uncertain now
the mutation of these cancer-causing
genes may be brought about by our
lifestyle for example when we are not
that careful in our diet we will always
in fact if order and we smoke that could
activate this cancer-causing genes that
that lie dormant in us another another
way of activating this is is that in
women comes through the backing of the
DNA and of histone this could also
influence the activation of this
cancer-causing genes so in this research
we found out that that mud forming in
one could influence the packing of the
DNA around histone and perhaps this
could explain the anti-cancer activity
that we’ve observed and we now conclude
that perhaps not for mainly one is able
to elicit set a boxing activity because
it could induce genomic stability not in
India normal cells and the same time
prevent mutations from taking place
aside from the fact that aquatic fungi
are promising sources for drugs
we also found in with also Valentina now
that lichens can also be promising
sources of these chemotherapeutic agents
so what are light gets so lichens arise
when the way a fungus and a
cyanobacterium
or or algae live together and this fungi
is this ligands we usually find them I’m
hearing to exposed soil surfaces to
rocks or to the other branches of a
child
trees such that when you go when you go
up the mountain nor a high usually found
this I usually find this likeness and
hearing to the branches of trees and
they appear in access and in this
particular research we connect them
three species of life and soul of man
aha in the peasant province and we
identify these lichens as bond area art
remember Gary and and the other one is
karna mark Milley aha Tata
sorry for that so that’s just how saying
if it turns a sound okay so when we when
we examine their by Allah their their
chemical constituents we found out that
lichens are able to produce acidic
compounds namely actually proposed a
generic acid of benek acid or arch I
mean they don’t know you don’t need to
you don’t need to be confused these are
just chemicals so chemicals produced by
these ligands and interestingly in terms
of their biological action we found out
that these ligands could kill bacteria
that cause disease for example
Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Escherichia coli all
these are pathogens all of these cause
disease and all these are bacteria but
in terms of their antioxidant property
unfortunately the life interconnected
were not that promising okay but in
terms of their anti-cancer effects we
found out that these lichens could kill
two types of cancer cell lines a genus
and 8×4 nine NGS is a human gastric
cancer cell line well if I coordinate is
another associated cancer cell line
what is more intriguing is that to liken
species namely
pan area and partner promoter Gary
showed to be selective
anti-cancer activity so what does that
mean it means that they were able to
kill cancer cells but they remain
non-toxic when tested against normal
cells in this case the normal cells we
used were only sick days and nights and
this ck is a canine derived kidney cell
life so in identifying drug candidates
selectivity is one factor that we should
consider because such that the drug
candidate only kills the disease-causing
agent and not that the patient or the
host because in that if the patient gets
killed then that defeats the purpose of
chemotherapy right okay so in this case
Benari a department my mother named me
were very effective against cancer but
non-toxic against normal cells which is
a good sign so basically from this
findings we concluded that indeed
lichens are promising sources of
antibacterial and anti-cancer compounds
so moving on aside from the fact that
aquatic fungi can be used for
chemotherapy aquatic fungi can also be
used to remove pollutants from the
environment meaning they can degrade
pollutants they can be used for by
elimination
now what agrochemical pollutant that
continuously contaminate bodies of water
particularly later on is the pesticide
view employed in this research we showed
that a vertical engine I can be used to
degrade pollutants such as beautiful or
so for this study we collected submerged
wood and fresh water from the lake
okay and from these samples were able to
isolate several species of OJ with those
complicated things and I I don’t want to
mention and among these fungi to pancha
mainly
Scott you hydro fellow and your corneas
of globosa
showed to be promising in terms
degrading you ignored and we proved this
by conducting HPLC or high-performance
liquid chromatography so that is the
HPLC chromatograph where is the laser
okay but anyway there’s something very
big encircled ran so that’s the big
forgive ignored and we found out in the
lab that asked the time of incubation
increases between the fungus and the
reoccur contaminated medium the
concentration also built up or decreases
aside from that we also observed that
there was an increase in the biomass of
the Congress when cultivated in the
presence of Vietnam or indicating that
the fungus might must have been
luteinizing with Butler as its nutrient
source with this findings we we could
then conclude that perhaps aquatic
brinjai have the ability to degradable
movements from the environment there are
good tools for validation indeed both
aquatic bonsai and lichens can be used
for chemotherapy entire Ummah nation the
results of our research also encouraged
more scientists so it so for them to
explore other areas in the Philippines
that remain to be unexplored in in the
attempt to find organisms with
biotechnological relevance so before I
formally close my presentation let me
just share to you this words words from
John Dewey according to John Dewey
scientific principles not lost do not
lie on the surface of nature they’re
hidden and was the result from nature
very active and collaborative Nick on
inquiry these very words inspire us to
do quality research well thinking that
we our research could contribute to the
advancement of knowledge and also in
making the lives of man better thank you
so much for listening
so one compelling issue that threatens
humanity these days is brought about by
the emergence of drug-resistant diseases
hence diseases that are once durable are
now becoming drug-resistant meaning
they’re able now to counter the
therapeutic activities of existing drugs
these diseases that are becoming
drug-resistant these layers include
cancer tuberculosis aids another
problematic issue that threatens the
survival of man is brought about by
pollution in fact in 2007 according to
the blossoming Institute in Switzerland
Marilla and Michael Island in Bulacan
were among the top 30 most polluted
places in the developing world the noble
illusion we are experiencing is brought
about by the improper disposal of toxic
chemicals from tanneries gold mines
nuclear and chemical plants with the
goal to uphold the future of meth and
the future of all organisms that live
among us the United Nations declared the
year 2010 as the International Year of
biodiversity to celebrate tonight on
earth and the value of biodiversity for
our lives interestingly the Philippines
is teeming with organisms marine and
terrestrial alike and these organisms
can be promising sources of drugs and at
the same time they can also be used to
get rid of pollutants from the
environment so I thought this afternoon
will focus on micro technology with
emphasis on the
patience of aquatic fungi and lichens in
chemotherapy and buyer imitation
so the study of aquatic fungi and
lichens is of interests to many
scientists these days primarily because
of their biodiversity that remains to be
an untapped resource
in fact according the Hofstra of the
estimated 1.5 million species of fungi
seven percent of this fungi is known and
very few of this sponge I have been
screened and cultivated in the
laboratory further biotechnological
applications
this makes aquatic fauna and lichens
very interesting to study because there
are a lot of things that we don’t know
about them another reason why I am so
interested to study this organism is
that many of these aquatic fungi and
lichens possess silent gene clusters now
on organisms how genes and you know the
genes are made up of DNA and our DNA our
genes dictates the product our
characteristics for example the color of
her hair the complexion of our skin our
height all these are determined by our
DNA by our genes interestingly those
genes that dominantly influenced the
physical and chemical characteristics of
organisms are said to be highly active
however there are genes in some
organisms that were being dormant or
inactive throughout their lifetime what
if I tell you that there are no
technologies which we can use to
activate this dormant genes the so
called silent years
these are emerging advances in the field
of micro technology which we can now
access to the maximal
the potential of a multifunctional items
in producing chemicals that can be used
as better medicines that can be used as
tools for removing pollutants in the
environment so to highlight now the
significant role of aquatic fungi and
lichens in the film of biotechnology let
me share with you the published
researchers that my lab at the
university of south comments have been
doing so the first research that I want
us to talk about in both the isolation
of this chemical called Malvern in a one
okay so mother give me one was isolated
from a marine fungus okay and that
fungus is called Aspergillus so in
genesis sounds you know very techy okay
so and we found out that that fungus is
private health begin inside the healthy
tissues from a seagrass which we
collected from doing at the city in the
nitro silent because originally after
blooming at the city and this my
research now we found out in the lab
that one fluid in one could inhibit the
growth of cancer cell lines in this
research we tested mother meaning one
against hannah cervical cancer and p38
murine leukemia cancer sunrise and we
found up in the lab that in terms of its
anti-cancer activity it’s even more open
than the existing chemotherapeutic drug
another interesting finding we have is
that one firm in a one could also kill
the parasite right under soma congruence
and for your information Trypanosoma
condolence that causes the disease
animal Trypanosoma asus okay
and in terms of this is a parasitic
effects it’s even more potent than the
existing drugs that we have today
now the biological properties of MA
forming a one were further supported by
other studies for example the study of
Zion conducted in 2006 showed but one
firm in a one is cytotoxic against human
lung pancreatic breast and central
nervous system cancer survives but if
you’re a researcher you want to
understand more how the compound works
so this didn’t stop me from from
pursuing additional tests and this time
I was curious as to how the compound was
able to induce anti-cancer effect so I
started investigating the potential mode
of action interestingly his sole
modifications are used by scientists
nowadays to study the the the
effectivity
of anti-cancer candidates and so
basically what are his thoughts so his
thoughts are proteins that are
responsible for marketing the DNA I want
you to imagine the DNA as a bandage and
this DNA is wrapped around the hand or
the Fistful of the muscle so that’s how
the packaging works interestingly that
the packing of the DNA around histone
may influence activation of genes such
that if the genes are if such as if the
DNA is loosely bound around histone
genes may become more accessible and are
therefore active however if the DNA is
tightly bound around histone jiffs
become less accessible and therefore
dormant or inactive now the the the
wrapping of of all of the DNA around
histone is influenced by a variety of
factors for example diet aging and
exposure to chemical
the events it is an established fact
that all of us have cancer-causing genes
however these cancer-causing genes are
dormant throughout our lifetime except
when they mutate causing now or
triggering now normal cells to be
transformed to something uncertain now
the mutation of these cancer-causing
genes may be brought about by our
lifestyle for example when we are not
that careful in our diet we will always
in fact if order and we smoke that could
activate this cancer-causing genes that
that lie dormant in us another another
way of activating this is is that in
women comes through the backing of the
DNA and of histone this could also
influence the activation of this
cancer-causing genes so in this research
we found out that that mud forming in
one could influence the packing of the
DNA around histone and perhaps this
could explain the anti-cancer activity
that we’ve observed and we now conclude
that perhaps not for mainly one is able
to elicit set a boxing activity because
it could induce genomic stability not in
India normal cells and the same time
prevent mutations from taking place
aside from the fact that aquatic fungi
are promising sources for drugs
we also found in with also Valentina now
that lichens can also be promising
sources of these chemotherapeutic agents
so what are light gets so lichens arise
when the way a fungus and a
cyanobacterium
or or algae live together and this fungi
is this ligands we usually find them I’m
hearing to exposed soil surfaces to
rocks or to the other branches of a
child
trees such that when you go when you go
up the mountain nor a high usually found
this I usually find this likeness and
hearing to the branches of trees and
they appear in access and in this
particular research we connect them
three species of life and soul of man
aha in the peasant province and we
identify these lichens as bond area art
remember Gary and and the other one is
karna mark Milley aha Tata
sorry for that so that’s just how saying
if it turns a sound okay so when we when
we examine their by Allah their their
chemical constituents we found out that
lichens are able to produce acidic
compounds namely actually proposed a
generic acid of benek acid or arch I
mean they don’t know you don’t need to
you don’t need to be confused these are
just chemicals so chemicals produced by
these ligands and interestingly in terms
of their biological action we found out
that these ligands could kill bacteria
that cause disease for example
Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Escherichia coli all
these are pathogens all of these cause
disease and all these are bacteria but
in terms of their antioxidant property
unfortunately the life interconnected
were not that promising okay but in
terms of their anti-cancer effects we
found out that these lichens could kill
two types of cancer cell lines a genus
and 8×4 nine NGS is a human gastric
cancer cell line well if I coordinate is
another associated cancer cell line
what is more intriguing is that to liken
species namely
pan area and partner promoter Gary
showed to be selective
anti-cancer activity so what does that
mean it means that they were able to
kill cancer cells but they remain
non-toxic when tested against normal
cells in this case the normal cells we
used were only sick days and nights and
this ck is a canine derived kidney cell
life so in identifying drug candidates
selectivity is one factor that we should
consider because such that the drug
candidate only kills the disease-causing
agent and not that the patient or the
host because in that if the patient gets
killed then that defeats the purpose of
chemotherapy right okay so in this case
Benari a department my mother named me
were very effective against cancer but
non-toxic against normal cells which is
a good sign so basically from this
findings we concluded that indeed
lichens are promising sources of
antibacterial and anti-cancer compounds
so moving on aside from the fact that
aquatic fungi can be used for
chemotherapy aquatic fungi can also be
used to remove pollutants from the
environment meaning they can degrade
pollutants they can be used for by
elimination
now what agrochemical pollutant that
continuously contaminate bodies of water
particularly later on is the pesticide
view employed in this research we showed
that a vertical engine I can be used to
degrade pollutants such as beautiful or
so for this study we collected submerged
wood and fresh water from the lake
okay and from these samples were able to
isolate several species of OJ with those
complicated things and I I don’t want to
mention and among these fungi to pancha
mainly
Scott you hydro fellow and your corneas
of globosa
showed to be promising in terms
degrading you ignored and we proved this
by conducting HPLC or high-performance
liquid chromatography so that is the
HPLC chromatograph where is the laser
okay but anyway there’s something very
big encircled ran so that’s the big
forgive ignored and we found out in the
lab that asked the time of incubation
increases between the fungus and the
reoccur contaminated medium the
concentration also built up or decreases
aside from that we also observed that
there was an increase in the biomass of
the Congress when cultivated in the
presence of Vietnam or indicating that
the fungus might must have been
luteinizing with Butler as its nutrient
source with this findings we we could
then conclude that perhaps aquatic
brinjai have the ability to degradable
movements from the environment there are
good tools for validation indeed both
aquatic bonsai and lichens can be used
for chemotherapy entire Ummah nation the
results of our research also encouraged
more scientists so it so for them to
explore other areas in the Philippines
that remain to be unexplored in in the
attempt to find organisms with
biotechnological relevance so before I
formally close my presentation let me
just share to you this words words from
John Dewey according to John Dewey
scientific principles not lost do not
lie on the surface of nature they’re
hidden and was the result from nature
very active and collaborative Nick on
inquiry these very words inspire us to
do quality research well thinking that
we our research could contribute to the
advancement of knowledge and also in
making the lives of man better thank you
so much for listening
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