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Nighttime Thunderstorms: Unraveling Their Mysteries | National Geographic


we know a lot about what causes
thunderstorms to start you know
producing rainfall during the day but we
don’t know as much about how that
happens at night so that’s what we’re
trying to figure out because it’s
different
the what we call MCS missions are us
trying to launch balloons near
thunderstorms that have already formed
and organized a lot and are already
producing heavy rainfall at lightning
potentially damaging winds
a lot of times what happens in
meteorologists you know we sort of have
these broad understanding of what’s
happening and the fine scale details are
really what comes in to the
predictability of severity or formation
or longevity those are still a lot of
what we’re trying to understand
there’s a lot of questions that we have
remaining because instabilities that are
near the surface during the daytime
aren’t really there during the nighttime
so how those are sustained over night
and support systems is a big question
picons working at answering the typical
mechanism in the afternoon is sun’s out
it’s heating up the ground there’s
moisture some source of lift in the
atmosphere and those ingredients come
together and storms will form and the
kind of obvious source for the energy is
the heating up of the ground at night of
course that isn’t there anymore the
grounds actually cooling and getting
more stable but what can happen at night
is the combination of this low-level jet
these strong winds up above the surface
that are bringing in warm moist air and
a variety of other processes that we’re
really trying to understand in this
experiment
one of the simplest things to understand
about severe weather our thunderstorms
is they’re there for a reason
and tornadoes are there for a reason the
atmosphere gets out of balance it’s too
warm down below too cold loft and so a
thunder storm quickly takes warm air up
and it also brings cold air down so now
you’ve got the atmosphere bringing
itself into balance the more out of
balance the quicker way to do the
transfer is through thunderstorms being
able to get more observations being able
to get a better understanding of what
type of environment really does let
these severe winds get to the surface
when a forecaster has a type of
information so when the forecaster sees
a certain environmental profile or sees
maybe a certain structure on the radar
we’ll have filled in that understanding
of why that structure is occurring or
why that environment might be more
conducive for winds getting to the
surface as opposed to a different type
of environment
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