Motors of deduction
so modal’s of deduction if you’ve
studied modal’s of deduction before this
table should remind you of what you’ve
learnt use it as a reference if you
haven’t studied modal’s of deduction
before it expresses the probability of
what we think happened in any situation
imagine for example a policeman arriving
at a crime scene they see a guy laying
down not moving not breathing he’s
bleeding from his chest so we think
definitely yes 100% the guy is dead how
do we say definitely yes we use the
modal must and this is present he is
dead so we put it together he must be
dead he must be dead then we see the
blood trail leading to a weapon so we
think definitely 100% he was killed
remember the modal must this time it’s
in the past so we have to use have with
a verb three a past participle then we
look at his clothes we think okay
expensive clothes maybe maybe he was
robbed I don’t know but maybe it’s
possible how can we say maybe or it’s
possible that he was robbed we can use
could might or may and remember again
it’s the past so have with the past
participle he could have been robbed he
might have been robbed he may have been
robbed so we look at the evidence we
find a receipt for ten thousand pounds
spent on a necklace
well we think hmm okay the guy is
married 90 percent sure this necklace is
for his wife we assume so we guess
so what modal do we use for 90% sure
should we want to say 90% sure this is
for his wife so it’s a present 90% sure
that should be for his wife
this is his wife her name’s Chloe but
actually she is one of the suspects it’s
possible that she killed him how do we
say it’s possible remember curd might or
may we’ll use the example could so she
could have killed him how about another
suspect
it’s also possible it was him it might
have been him and a third suspect again
the same let’s use the example may it
may have been him but then someone says
no look he looks too nice
definitely definitely no was not him how
can we say definitely no we can use
can’t couldn’t or mustn’t so we’ll use
the example can’t again it’s the past
have with a verb 3 can’t have been him
so we look back to the evidence the
necklace is still there the money also
is still there so ok it’s it’s not
possible that it was a robbery again we
want to say definitely not a robbery
it’s in the past it couldn’t have been a
robbery
so we look at his phone maybe there’s a
message and there is it says can’t wait
see you love D with a little kiss
remember his wife’s name was Chloe maybe
he was seeing another woman he might
have been seeing another woman then
there’s more evidence lipstick on his
collar it could have been from his wife
but then we remembered no his wife was
wearing green lipstick the lipstick
definitely was not from her the lipstick
can’t have been from her so we make a
conclusion the wife isn’t wearing a
wedding ring
in fact there’s a ring with blood on it
next to the dead guy she’s not wearing a
ring
hmm she definitely knew that he was
having an affair how do we say she
definitely knew she must have known he
was seeing another woman
so our conclusion our deduction we are
definitely sure that it was his wife we
can say it must have been what it has to
have been his wife so let’s look at
another example
I think the PAP workers would be great I
said five million time your duty as a
doorman
I think they’ll and long after Thor II
know I wasn’t landlord he went on
holiday the other day then we might been
robbed
night Carla being robbed this is Korea
that’s really safe I will right let’s go
in but you first hmm
what about you you’re bigger flip a coin
flip it away
are you ready I’m good are you ready I’m
ready
you smell that yeah it smells like
burning can you smell burning
did he leave the oven on I could have
left the oven on it sounds like
something I would do well there you go
it has to have been you
I mean you Olay you left the oven on let
the door open yeah
now we have been displaced yep I agree
there we have it things pretty obvious
what happened yeah it was a ghost
wasn’t a ghost it had to have been you
because it was my landlord wasn’t a rat
definitely wasn’t a ghost whose ghost
Oddworld Oh didn’t see you then
sorry I left the other knock on the door
open I was just popping outside for a
quick cigarette anyway I thought I’d
cook you to dinner
what a long keep on cooking smells
delicious time for a test when you see
the sign press pause and write the
sentences in the correct way using a
modal verb of deduction and press play
again when you’re ready you know what
what I may be the most handsome man in
this mirror
I was black anyway good
I might be working a bit more this week
though oh really that’s lame hey where’s
Tom he just went to the store to pick up
some things you should be back
what the hell
he must have just met ago the shop and
what in love me look he’s unhappy
you could have got that job hey I got
that job
or I could just be drunk he can’t be
drunk because when he’s drunk he will
rock you I’m so tired
yeah okay stop yes sir one another
English lesson of course you do
where am I
this is too hot this is like the desert
no okay imagine a different place okay
out the house down the stairs cross the
street get across the road pass the
voice box plus the red post box okay
okay towards the park yep I think I’m
think I’m coming what up this is
sometimes represented by an apostrophe
and it sounds like the middle of up oh
that up it’s stuck in the throat it’s
so modal’s of deduction if you’ve
studied modal’s of deduction before this
table should remind you of what you’ve
learnt use it as a reference if you
haven’t studied modal’s of deduction
before it expresses the probability of
what we think happened in any situation
imagine for example a policeman arriving
at a crime scene they see a guy laying
down not moving not breathing he’s
bleeding from his chest so we think
definitely yes 100% the guy is dead how
do we say definitely yes we use the
modal must and this is present he is
dead so we put it together he must be
dead he must be dead then we see the
blood trail leading to a weapon so we
think definitely 100% he was killed
remember the modal must this time it’s
in the past so we have to use have with
a verb three a past participle then we
look at his clothes we think okay
expensive clothes maybe maybe he was
robbed I don’t know but maybe it’s
possible how can we say maybe or it’s
possible that he was robbed we can use
could might or may and remember again
it’s the past so have with the past
participle he could have been robbed he
might have been robbed he may have been
robbed so we look at the evidence we
find a receipt for ten thousand pounds
spent on a necklace
well we think hmm okay the guy is
married 90 percent sure this necklace is
for his wife we assume so we guess
so what modal do we use for 90% sure
should we want to say 90% sure this is
for his wife so it’s a present 90% sure
that should be for his wife
this is his wife her name’s Chloe but
actually she is one of the suspects it’s
possible that she killed him how do we
say it’s possible remember curd might or
may we’ll use the example could so she
could have killed him how about another
suspect
it’s also possible it was him it might
have been him and a third suspect again
the same let’s use the example may it
may have been him but then someone says
no look he looks too nice
definitely definitely no was not him how
can we say definitely no we can use
can’t couldn’t or mustn’t so we’ll use
the example can’t again it’s the past
have with a verb 3 can’t have been him
so we look back to the evidence the
necklace is still there the money also
is still there so ok it’s it’s not
possible that it was a robbery again we
want to say definitely not a robbery
it’s in the past it couldn’t have been a
robbery
so we look at his phone maybe there’s a
message and there is it says can’t wait
see you love D with a little kiss
remember his wife’s name was Chloe maybe
he was seeing another woman he might
have been seeing another woman then
there’s more evidence lipstick on his
collar it could have been from his wife
but then we remembered no his wife was
wearing green lipstick the lipstick
definitely was not from her the lipstick
can’t have been from her so we make a
conclusion the wife isn’t wearing a
wedding ring
in fact there’s a ring with blood on it
next to the dead guy she’s not wearing a
ring
hmm she definitely knew that he was
having an affair how do we say she
definitely knew she must have known he
was seeing another woman
so our conclusion our deduction we are
definitely sure that it was his wife we
can say it must have been what it has to
have been his wife so let’s look at
another example
I think the PAP workers would be great I
said five million time your duty as a
doorman
I think they’ll and long after Thor II
know I wasn’t landlord he went on
holiday the other day then we might been
robbed
night Carla being robbed this is Korea
that’s really safe I will right let’s go
in but you first hmm
what about you you’re bigger flip a coin
flip it away
are you ready I’m good are you ready I’m
ready
you smell that yeah it smells like
burning can you smell burning
did he leave the oven on I could have
left the oven on it sounds like
something I would do well there you go
it has to have been you
I mean you Olay you left the oven on let
the door open yeah
now we have been displaced yep I agree
there we have it things pretty obvious
what happened yeah it was a ghost
wasn’t a ghost it had to have been you
because it was my landlord wasn’t a rat
definitely wasn’t a ghost whose ghost
Oddworld Oh didn’t see you then
sorry I left the other knock on the door
open I was just popping outside for a
quick cigarette anyway I thought I’d
cook you to dinner
what a long keep on cooking smells
delicious time for a test when you see
the sign press pause and write the
sentences in the correct way using a
modal verb of deduction and press play
again when you’re ready you know what
what I may be the most handsome man in
this mirror
I was black anyway good
I might be working a bit more this week
though oh really that’s lame hey where’s
Tom he just went to the store to pick up
some things you should be back
what the hell
he must have just met ago the shop and
what in love me look he’s unhappy
you could have got that job hey I got
that job
or I could just be drunk he can’t be
drunk because when he’s drunk he will
rock you I’m so tired
yeah okay stop yes sir one another
English lesson of course you do
where am I
this is too hot this is like the desert
no okay imagine a different place okay
out the house down the stairs cross the
street get across the road pass the
voice box plus the red post box okay
okay towards the park yep I think I’m
think I’m coming what up this is
sometimes represented by an apostrophe
and it sounds like the middle of up oh
that up it’s stuck in the throat it’s
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