you’ve made approximately 3000 decisions
some of which were extremely significant
others which were relatively less
nevertheless each one of this 3,000
decisions altered mayonnaise fall and I
ended up with this unique combination of
choices one out of the 6,000 possible
ways you might experience today
if these decisions made by individuals
like you and have led to the animal
crossing attacks of people ideas and
industries if these decisions that it
that have added up over time to form the
mountains from dust and it is these
decisions that have mold in our world
and altered our course in the level that
is life so recently I’ve been making few
decisions of my own on which subject
children study in Ivy University and
when I was having trouble doing sir I
turned to various blogs and articles
about decision making and the way most
people see it making decisions is a
clear concept well we may not get much
attention to whatever is missing
two options delivery conclusion is
extremely significant and understand
what decision really are researchers at
the University of Massachusetts have
broken down the steely process and to
fix basic steps they first identified
that there is a decision to be made
after which you’ll usually gather
information whether it be from books the
internet or other sources well do you
have a spool of information and you’ll
design other alternatives or find other
aims after that in the way our evidence
and choose Vulcan that’s best for you
after you’ve taken action on this
decision you’ll go back we evaluated and
even change it if we need now from this
perspective the entire decision making
process occurred in your brain in a
special section called the frontal lobe
which is not only responsible for a
decision making but also for
problem-solving and developing a
personality it seems quite simple and
straightforward and because of that many
of these accept that were complete
control of our decisions that they’re
made by us for us a few weeks ago I came
across a book by a behavioral economist
by the name of Dan early who is a
professor at MIT and as notice
significant amount of time in
researching what what decisions really
are and whether were in control of them
but before we get to some of the studies
that he read by the scope I’d like to
show you a series of images most likely
ones they’ve seen before I’ll present a
question with each one of these and I
want you to make a decision on a
perception of the image which block is
darker I think it’s a can you please
raise it home anything they’re actually
the same which line do you think is
longer if you think it’s one of the left
please raise your hand
and the one on the right shocker
you’re one again plus one which dot
appears to be larger you think it’s one
to one on the left can you please raise
your hand and the one on the right the
same so for each one of these images
you rely on the background to make a
relative decision you didn’t know for a
fact that they were that one was larger
when a smaller continues the background
to help you for the blocks he looked at
the color the other glowing by the light
hair to be following for the lines who
look to the bricks behind the lines and
assume that the bursar of the equal
dimensions and ask for the dots you
looked at the dots around again
and every single scenario you made a
relative decision not a definite one
this concept of relativity isn’t only
seeing optical illusions but also in
other areas in which we make decisions
for instance one of the studies
conducted by mr. Earley was originally
an ad for subscriptions of the economist
breeders were presented with three
options the web evading subscription for
$59 the print only 125 dollars and the
print plus web for 125 dollars as well
when asked which one they would choose
around 84% of MIT students chose option
number 30 the print and web for $125 16%
chose option number one and zero percent
chose option number two and it seems
quite straightforward right I mean
getting the best value but when you take
out option number two remember this is
the woman
zero percent people chose this more MSC
students were choosing the web only
options for $59 and significantly less
the print and what 420 by they changed
their decision
similarly in another study the test
subjects were presented with two options
in all-expense-paid trip to Rome or in
all-expense-paid trip to Paris and at
first the results were quite even with
around 50 percent choosing Paris and the
other 50 percent Roman but when we add a
third option the option of the brownie
without breakfast in the morning the
statistics changed drastically
obviously no one chose the option of
Grove without breakfast but Rome with
breakfast became increasingly popular in
fact even more popular than the option
of the all-expense-paid trip to Paris so
what does this tell us about our
decisions it reveals that we don’t
actually know what we want but we make
decision based on what we received to be
the default indicates that the economy
subscription the default was the print
and in comparison getting print on web
for the same pricing link the better off
page building in the case of the
vacation case study the default was the
destination Rome and in comparison
getting breakfast in the morning
to do it so what this actually means is
that the real decision-making process
looks a little bit more like this you
first are presented with two options
after which you’ll identify which
aspects of the choices are similar this
is known as the default and The
Economist subscription the default
weapon and was what was similar talk to
you number two or three and then
indication case study the default was
the destination it was similar to
options and the volunteer and then after
that we’ll take those two choices the
ones that are similar and then make a
decision based from those two so one
decision is seem to be irrational they
certainly seem to be predictable if I
told the person sitting next to you that
he or she would have to pay me $20 to
listen to my speech how do you be
willing to listen if I offer you 10 what
if I told your neighbor that I would
give them $50 to listen to my speech
would you still be willing to listen if
I
just like that in an instant I’ve
changed most of your decisions not
because I’ve persuaded you to take one
option or because I’ve highlighted the
disadvantages of choosing another but by
simply changing what your first exposure
was to be awesome available and you use
this to buy similarities so if our
decisions are so easily swayed what does
this tell us about the decisions we’ve
made in the past how can we be so sure
of the observations we’ve made real
world forever these are decisions when
we’re going to make something we
couldn’t make a decision about something
as simple as color the first time around
I don’t know
we know economists and lobsters are hard
at work and breaking down what reality
really is and how these humans are
limited in the sense that we we’re not
exposed to as much as we think we know
but the main thing that I took away from
this and what I hope you’ll take away
today is the realization that perhaps
we’re not as knowledgeable about the
world as we think we are but most
importantly I hope you walk away today
with inspiration to break the boundaries
of the whole yard [Music]